scholarly journals Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Two Populations of the Fully Mycoheterotrophic Plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in Southern Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Herrera ◽  
Javiera Soto ◽  
Luz E. de Bashan ◽  
Inmaculada Sampedro ◽  
Cesar Arriagada
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Acid Exudation

The microbiological interactions of the roots of non-photosynthetic plants in South America have been scarcely explored. This study analyzes culturable fungal diversity associated with the mycoheterotrophic plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in southern Chile, growing in two different understoreys of native (Nothofagus-dominated) and mixed forest (native, Cupressus sempervirens, and Pinus radiata). Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi were isolated, cultured, and purified to identify microorganisms associated with A. uniflora roots. We showed the different fungi associated with the plant, and that these distributions are influenced by the sampling site. We isolated 410 fungal strains (144 endophytic and 266 from the rhizosphere). We identified 13 operative taxonomical units from plants sampled in the mixed forest, while 15 were from the native forest. Rhizospheric microorganisms were mainly related to Penicillium spp., whereas some pathogenic and saprophytic strains were more frequent inside the roots. Our results have also shown that the fungal strains are weak for phosphate solubilization, but other pathways such as organic acid exudation and indole acetic acid production can be considered as major mechanisms to stimulate plant growth. Our results point to new fungal associates of A. uniflora plants reported in Andean ecosystems, identifying new beneficial endophytic fungi associated with roots of this fully mycoheterotrophic plant.

scholarly journals Native forest replacement by exotic plantations in southern Chile (1985–2011) and partial compensation by natural regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta ◽  
José María Rey Benayas ◽  
Luis Cayuela ◽  
Stijn Hantson ◽  
Dolors Armenteras
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Partial Compensation

scholarly journals Diversity of Diurnal Raptors in a Suburban Area of a City in Southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros ◽  
Varia Dellacasa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Location ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Raptor Conservation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Raptor conservation programs should be based on knowledge of the birds’ ecology in both natural and urban habitats, justifying the inclusion of ecological studies in suburban zones into regional planning initiatives. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the use by diurnal raptors of the habitat in a suburban area of a city in southern Chile, and (b) to characterize the different zones into five types of environment, and assess their raptor diversity for consideration in territorial planning. Acoustic surveys were conducted in auditory stations in addition to observations from fixed transects and trails. From a total of 161.39 hours of census, we obtained 664 sightings corresponding to ten species of diurnal raptors. The richest environment was dense forest (eight species), followed by grassland (six species), native forest regeneration (five species), shrubs (four species) and exotic tree plantations (three species). We discuss the relationship between the richness of diurnal raptors, the types of environment in the study area, and the spatial location of the sites, as well as the implications for territorial planning to support the conservation of birds of prey in the suburban zone studied.

scholarly journals Screening of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Productions by Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Phyllanthus niruri

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Abdul Raffi Junaidi ◽  
Mohamad Hasnul Bolhassan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Ten newly isolated endophytic fungi from Phyllathus niruri Linn. were identified as Fusarium oxysporum. These isolates were screened out for their productivity of indole acetic acid (IAA) by the salkowski's method. Out of these isolates, two isolates showed high amount of indole acetic acid production, which were FO9 and FO10 with concentration of 23.52 μg/ml and 5.95 μg/ml, respectively.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Bacteria from Mycorrhizal Tissues of Terrestrial Orchids from Southern Chile

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Herrera ◽  
Tedy Sanhueza ◽  
Alžběta Novotná ◽  
Trevor C. Charles ◽  
Cesar Arriagada
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Endophytic bacteria are relevant symbionts that contribute to plant growth and development. However, the diversity of bacteria associated with the roots of terrestrial orchids colonizing Andean ecosystems is limited. This study identifies and examines the capabilities of endophytic bacteria associated with peloton-containing roots of six terrestrial orchid species from southern Chile. To achieve our goals, we placed superficially disinfected root fragments harboring pelotons on oatmeal agar (OMA) with no antibiotic addition and cultured them until the bacteria appeared. Subsequently, they were purified and identified using molecular tools and examined for plant growth metabolites production and antifungal activity. In total, 168 bacterial strains were isolated and assigned to 8 OTUs. The orders Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Xanthomonadales of phylum Proteobacteria were the most frequent. The orders Bacillales and Flavobacteriales of the phylla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were also obtained. Phosphate solubilization was detected in majority of isolates; however, it was significantly higher in Collimonas pratensis and Chryseobacterium sp. (PSI = 1.505 ± 0.09 and 1.405 ± 0.24, respectively). Siderophore production was recorded only for C. pratensis (0.657 ± 0.14 mm day−1), Dyella marensis (0.131 ± 0.02 mm day−1), and Luteibacter rhizovicinus (0.343 ± 0.12 mm day−1). Indole acetic acid production was highly influenced by the isolate identity; however, the significantly higher activity was recorded for Pseudomonas spp. (ranging from 5.507 ± 1.57 µg mL−1 to 7.437 ± 0.99 µg mL−1). Additionally, six bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of some potential plant pathogenic fungi. Our findings demonstrate the potential for plant growth promoting capabilities and some antifungal activities of endophytic bacteria inhabiting the mycorrhizal tissue of terrestrial orchids, which may contribute especially at early developmental stages of orchid seedlings.

Fungal endophytes: isolation and diversity among Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) organs

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
M. F. Vianna ◽  
S. Pelizza ◽  
M. L. Russo ◽  
S. Rodriguez ◽  
A. C. Scorsetti
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The diversity of fungal endophytes is poorly known and particularly in the case of Nicotiana tabacum, the literature is limited. The present study assessed and compared the diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi between different organs of tobacco plants. We calculated the relative frequency and rates of colonisation and of isolation of endophytic fungi in roots, stems and leaves, as well as the Shannon–Wiener and Simpson diversity indexes. Similarities between assemblages from the studied organs were also analysed. A total of 1588 endophytic fungal strains assigned to 31 morphospecies were isolated. The highest diversity of endophytes was found in leaves, being Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria botrytis the most common fungal species. This study provides information on the distribution of fungal endophytes inhabiting leaves, stems, and roots of N. tabacum and thus can serve as a starting point for increasing our comprehension on the interactions in which these fungi are involved.

scholarly journals Diversity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi in Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Citrus reticulata Blanco of Tripura

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Sanchita Bhattacharya ◽  
◽  
Sanjit Debnath ◽  
Ajay Saha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

Present investigation dealt with the isolation and diversity of foliar fungal endophytes from two fruit yielding plants of Tripura state. Seasonal distributions of endophytes in respect to fruiting and non-fruiting season in two host plants were also studied. Twenty one fungal strains along with one nonsporulating hyaline form were isolated as foliar endophytes from the two host plants. In both fruiting and non-fruiting seasons, from Citrus reticulata seven foliar endophytic fungi were isolated. Whereas from Artocarpus heterophyllus in both the season eleven fungal endophytes with one nonsporulating hyaline form were isolated. The relative frequencies of isolated fungi from both A. heterophyllus and C. reticulata in fruiting and non-fruiting season significantly differed among the sampling sites, whereas relative frequencies individual endophytic fungus showed no significant differences among various sampling sites.

scholarly journals Survey of the Culicide community (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Caatinga Biome, Bom Jesus City, Piauí, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e46110111814
Author(s):  
Ornela Silva Gomes ◽  
Lilian Silva Catenacci ◽  
Sinevaldo Gonçalves de Moura ◽  
Jaqueline Zanon Moura
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Frequency Diversity ◽  
Caatinga Biome

Mosquitoes are insects of great medical importance, acting as vectors of arboviruses and other pathogens that could be transmitted to humans. With the climate change many species of mosquitoes have adapted to survive in these altered conditions. The goal of this study was to describe the community of Culicidae in three gradients of environment within the Caatinga biome in the Bom Jesus municipality, Brazil. The environmental gradients included ​​native forest, rural and urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected and the following variables were analyzed: total and relative species abundance, total and relative species frequency, diversity, domain, the correlation among meteorological data, genus and the similarity between areas. The captures were made monthly for three consecutive days for a one-year period. Passive capture was performed using CDC traps placed a minimum distance of 50 meters apart in each sampling site. The mosquitoes collected were identified as: Aedeomyia spp., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Coquillettidia spp., Psorophora spp. and Uranotaenia spp. The genres Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Coquillettidia and Psorophora were present year-round in at least one of the areas. The most abundant genres were the Anopheles and Culex, respectively. The native forest contained the highest diversity. However, the highest abundance of individuals was found in the rural areas, suggesting species adaptation to anthropized environments.  Overall, the high abundance of the genus Anopheles and Culex is a public health concern as these genres are known to be involved in the transmission of malaria, human filariasis, and arboviruses.

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