scholarly journals Bifidobacterium bifidum: A Key Member of the Early Human Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Turroni ◽  
Sabrina Duranti ◽  
Christian Milani ◽  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Douwe van Sinderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Breast Fed

Bifidobacteria typically represent the most abundant bacteria of the human gut microbiota in healthy breast-fed infants. Members of the Bifidobacterium bifidum species constitute one of the dominant taxa amongst these bifidobacterial communities and have been shown to display notable physiological and genetic features encompassing adhesion to epithelia as well as metabolism of host-derived glycans. In the current review, we discuss current knowledge concerning particular biological characteristics of the B. bifidum species that support its specific adaptation to the human gut and their implications in terms of supporting host health.

scholarly journals HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Anca Magdalena Munteanu ◽  
◽  
Raluca Cursaru ◽  
Loreta Guja ◽  
Simona Carniciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

The medical research of the last 1-2 decades allows us to look at the human gut microbiota and microbiome as to a structure that can promote health and sometimes initiate disease. It works like an endocrine organ: releasing specific metabolites, using environmental inputs, e.g. diet, or acting through its structural compounds, that signal human host receptors, to finally contributing to the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. The same commensal microbes were found as shapers of the human host response to drugs (cardiovascular, oncology etc.). New technologies played an important role in these achievements, facilitating analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community. Once the inputs, the pathways and a lot of human host receptors were highlighted, the scientists were encouraged to go further into research, in order to develop new pathogenic therapies, targeting the human gut flora. Dual therapies, evolving these “friend microbes”, are another actual research subjects. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of microbiota disbalances under environmental factors, the contribution of gut microbiota and microbiome to the pathogenesis of obesity, obesity associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, as well as new perspectives in preventing and treating these diseases, with high prevalence in contemporary, economically developed societies. It brings the latest and most relevant evidences relating to: probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary nutrient manipulation, microbial as well as human host enzyme manipulation, shaping human responses to currently used drugs, manipulating the gut microbiome by horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 4048-4060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Mandalari ◽  
Simona Chessa ◽  
Carlo Bisignano ◽  
Luisa Chan ◽  
Arianna Carughi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Health

Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. Sun-dried raisins exhibited prebiotic potential.

scholarly journals Sulfated host glycan recognition by carbohydrate sulfatases of the human gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S Luis ◽  
Arnaud Basle ◽  
Dominic P Byrne ◽  
Gareth SA Wright ◽  
James London ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Major Nutrient

The vast microbial community that resides in the human colon, termed the human gut microbiota, performs important roles in maintaining host health. Sulfated host glycans comprise both a major nutrient source and important colonisation factors for this community. Carbohydrate sulfatases remove sulfate groups from glycans and are essential in many bacteria for the utilisation of sulfated host glycans. Additionally, carbohydrate sulfatases are also implicated in numerous host diseases, but remain some of the most understudied carbohydrate active enzymes to date, especially at the structural and molecular level. In this work, we analyse 7 carbohydrate sulfatases, spanning 4 subfamilies, from the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a major utiliser of sulfated host glycans, correlating structural and functional data with phylogenetic and environmental analyses. Together, these data begin to fill the knowledge gaps in how carbohydrate sulfatases orchestrate sulfated glycan metabolism within their environment.

scholarly journals Wood-Derived Dietary Fibers Promote Beneficial Human Gut Microbiota

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Leanti La Rosa ◽  
Vasiliki Kachrimanidou ◽  
Fanny Buffetto ◽  
Phillip B. Pope ◽  
Nicholas A. Pudlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Clostridial Cluster ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The architecture of the gut bacterial ecosystem has a profound effect on the physiology and well-being of the host. Modulation of the gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment via administration of prebiotics represents a valuable strategy to promote host health. This work provides insights into the ability of two novel wood-derived preparations, AcGGM and AcAGX, to influence human gut microbiota composition and activity. These compounds were selectively fermented by commensal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides-Prevotella, F. prausnitzii, and clostridial cluster IX spp. This promoted the microbial synthesis of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are beneficial to the microbial ecosystem and host colonic epithelial cells. Thus, our results demonstrate potential prebiotic properties for both AcGGM and AcAGX from lignocellulosic feedstocks. These findings represent pivotal requirements for rationally designing intervention strategies based on the dietary supplementation of AcGGM and AcAGX to improve or restore gut health.

scholarly journals Sulfated host glycan recognition by carbohydrate sulfatases of the human gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luis ◽  
Arnaud Baslé ◽  
Dominic Byrne ◽  
Gareth Wright ◽  
James London ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Major Nutrient

Abstract The vast microbial community that resides in the human colon, termed the human gut microbiota, performs important roles in maintaining host health. Sulfated host glycans comprise both a major nutrient source and important colonisation factors for this community. Carbohydrate sulfatases remove sulfate groups from glycans and are essential in many bacteria for the utilisation of sulfated host glycans. Additionally, carbohydrate sulfatases are also implicated in numerous host diseases, but remain some of the most understudied carbohydrate active enzymes to date, especially at the structural and molecular level. In this work, we analyse 7 carbohydrate sulfatases, spanning 4 subfamilies, from the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a major utiliser of sulfated host glycans, correlating structural and functional data with phylogenetic and environmental analyses. Together, these data begin to fill the knowledge gaps in how carbohydrate sulfatases orchestrate sulfated glycan metabolism within their environment.

scholarly journals Rice Bran and Quercetin Produce a Positive Synergistic Effect on Human Gut Microbiota, Elevate the Level of Propionate, and Reduce the Population of Enterobacteriaceae family when Determined using a Bioreactor Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Ghimire ◽  
Supapit Wongkuna ◽  
Ranjini Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Elizabeth P. Ryan ◽  
G. Jayarama Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Health

AbstractDiet is one of the prominent determinants of gut microbiota composition significantly impacting human health. Recent studies with dietary supplements such as rice bran and quercetin have been shown to provide a beneficial impact on the host by positively influencing the gut microbiota. However, the specific bacterial species impacted when rice bran or quercetin is present in the diet is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we used a minibioreactor array system as a model to determine the effect of quercetin and rice bran individually, as well as in combination, on gut microbiota without the confounding host factors. We found that rice bran exerts higher shift in gut microbiome composition when compared to quercetin. At the species level, Acidaminococcus intestini was the only significantly enriched taxa when quercetin was supplemented, while 15 species were enriched in rice bran supplementation and 13 were enriched when quercetin and rice bran were supplemented in combination. When comparing the short chain fatty acid production, quercetin supplementation significantly enriched isobutyrate production while propionate dominated the quercetin and rice bran combined group. Higher levels of propionate were highly correlated to the lower abundance of the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae family. These findings suggest that the combination of rice bran and quercetin serve to enrich beneficial bacteria and reduce potential opportunistic pathogens. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the synergistic effect of rice bran and quercetin on host health and immunity.ImportanceRice bran and quercetin are dietary components that shape host health by interacting with the gut microbiome. Both these substrates have been reported to provide nutritional and immunological benefits individually. However, considering the complexity of the human diet, it is useful to determine how the combination of food ingredients such as rice bran and quercetin influences the human gut microbiota. Our study provides insights into how these ingredients influence microbiome composition alone and in combination in vitro. This will allow us to identify which species in the gut microbiome are responsible for biotransformation of these dietary ingredients.. Such information is helpful for the development of synbiotics to improve gut health and immunity.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Marine Seaweeds as Prebiotics: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroa Lopez-Santamarina ◽  
Jose Manuel Miranda ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragon ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates

Human gut microbiota plays an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases. Various dietary factors, including complex carbohydrates, such as polysaccharides, provide abundant nutrients and substrates for microbial metabolism in the gut, affecting the members and their functionality. Nowadays, the main sources of complex carbohydrates destined for human consumption are terrestrial plants. However, fresh water is an increasingly scarce commodity and world agricultural productivity is in a persistent decline, thus demanding the exploration of other sources of complex carbohydrates. As an interesting option, marine seaweeds show rapid growth and do not require arable land, fresh water or fertilizers. The present review offers an objective perspective of the current knowledge surrounding the impacts of seaweeds and their derived polysaccharides on the human microbiome and the profound need for more in-depth investigations into this topic. Animal experiments and in vitro colonic-simulating trials investigating the effects of seaweed ingestion on human gut microbiota are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota: the role of metalloenzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Rajakovich ◽  
Emily P. Balskus
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease

Metalloenzymes play central roles in metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota that are associated with host health and disease.

scholarly journals Animal-Origin Prebiotics Based on Chitin: An Alternative for the Future? A Critical Review

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroa Lopez-Santamarina ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragon ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Jose Manuel Miranda ◽  
Carlos Manuel Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates

The human gut microbiota has been revealed in recent years as a factor that plays a decisive role in the maintenance of human health, as well as in the development of many non-communicable diseases. This microbiota can be modulated by various dietary factors, among which complex carbohydrates have a great influence. Although most complex carbohydrates included in the human diet come from vegetables, there are also options to include complex carbohydrates from non-vegetable sources, such as chitin and its derivatives. Chitin, and its derivatives such as chitosan can be obtained from non-vegetable sources, the best being insects, crustacean exoskeletons and fungi. The present review offers a broad perspective of the current knowledge surrounding the impacts of chitin and its derived polysaccharides on the human gut microbiota and the profound need for more in-depth investigations into this topic. Overall, the effects of whole insects or meal on the gut microbiota have contradictory results, possibly due to their high protein content. Better results are obtained for the case of chitin derivatives, regarding both metabolic effects and effects on the gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Food Additives and Contaminants: Effects on Human Gut Microbiota—A Review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Roca-Saavedra ◽  
Veronica Mendez-Vilabrille ◽  
Jose Manuel Miranda ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Carolina Nebot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Gut bacteria play an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases, such as obesity and its co-morbidities, like fatty liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes and cardiovascular events. Among several factors, dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antimicrobials and non-dietary factors, such as stress, age, exercise and climatic conditions, can dramatically impact the human gut microbiota diversity and equilibrium. However, the effect of minor food constituents, including food additives and trace contaminants, on human gut microbiota has received less attention. Consequently, the present review aimed to provide an objective perspective of the current knowledge regarding the impacts of minor food constituents on human gut microbiota and consequently, on human health.

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