scholarly journals Current Status and Potential Applications of Underexplored Prokaryotes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Mau Goh ◽  
Saleha Shahar ◽  
Kok-Gan Chan ◽  
Chun Shiong Chong ◽  
Syazwani Itri Amran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Methodological Bias ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Way

Thousands of prokaryotic genera have been published, but methodological bias in the study of prokaryotes is noted. Prokaryotes that are relatively easy to isolate have been well-studied from multiple aspects. Massive quantities of experimental findings and knowledge generated from the well-known prokaryotic strains are inundating scientific publications. However, researchers may neglect or pay little attention to the uncommon prokaryotes and hard-to-cultivate microorganisms. In this review, we provide a systematic update on the discovery of underexplored culturable and unculturable prokaryotes and discuss the insights accumulated from various research efforts. Examining these neglected prokaryotes may elucidate their novelties and functions and pave the way for their industrial applications. In addition, we hope that this review will prompt the scientific community to reconsider these untapped pragmatic resources.

Zoological nomina in the century of extinctions: new proposals

Bionomina ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Dubois
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Way

The taxonomic urgency, caused by the combination of the taxonomic gap (wide incompleteness of the taxonomic inventory of living beings on earth) and the biodiversity crisis (major threats of extinction on a large part of the current biodiversity) imposes heavy responsibilities on the scientific community of biologists and particularly of taxonomists. In order to become more efficient in the work of description and naming of the species and other taxa, some changes in traditional working practices should be implemented. Among them, a simplification and standardisation of some nomenclatural Rules and practices, and in particular of the way of writing the scientific names of taxa (nomina) should be considered. Although traditionally considered important, authorship plays no role in the implementation of the nomenclatural Rules concerning availability, allocation and validity of nomina, and the traditional emphasis put on authorship in nomenclature plays in fact a negative role in taxonomy. Removing the names of authors, but not the date, from the nominal-complex by which each taxon is designated would de-emphasise the role of authorship in nomenclature. It would reduce the burden of nomenclatural taxonomic inflation and synonymy load due to nomenclatural mihilim and unwarranted descriptions of new taxa that will later have to be treated as synonyms. Other proposals regarding the standards and length of writing nominal-complexes in publications are offered, which should be beneficial not only to scientific publications using nomina of taxa, but also to the computerisation of nomenclatural information and its electronic diffusion. These proposed changes, some of which are drastic, should not be implemented at once, but in several steps, in order to be progressively adopted by the community of taxonomists.

scholarly journals We should be just a number and we should embrace it

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Kendall ◽  
Angelina Yee ◽  
Steven Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Robust System ◽  
Author Disambiguation ◽  
Scientific Environment ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to support the use of unique identifiers for the authors of scientific publications. This, the authors believe, aligns with the views of many others, as it would solve the problem of author disambiguation. If every researcher had a unique identifier, there would be significant opportunities to provide even more services. These extensions are proposed in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss the bibliographic services that are currently available. This leads to a discussion of how these services could be developed and extended. Findings The authors suggest a number of ways that a unique identifier for scientific authors could support many other areas of importance to the scientific community. This will provide a much more robust system that provides a much richer and more easily maintained, scientific environment. Originality/value The scientific community lags behind most other communities with regard to the way it identifies individuals. Even if the current vision for a unique identifier for authors was to become more widespread, there would still be many areas where the community could improve its operations. This viewpoint paper suggests some of these, along with a financial model that could underpin the functionality.

Applications and Current Challenges of Supercomputing across Multiple Domains of Computational Sciences

2015 ◽  
pp. 56-81
Author(s):  
Neha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Aerospace Manufacturing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
Computational Materials ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Multiple Domains

Supercomputing is a contemporary solution to enhance the speed of calculations in nanoseconds. Presently, there are different aspects of supercomputing like Cloud Computing, High Performance Computing, Grid Computing, etc. provided by companies like Amazon (Amazon Web Services), Windows (Azure), Google (Google Cloud Platform). Supercomputers play an important role in the field of Computer Science and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks across domains like Bioinformatics, Computational Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Computational Materials Sciences and Engineering, Computational Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Physics, Computational and Data Enabled Social Sciences, Aerospace, Manufacturing, Industrial Applications, Computational Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering. However, there are a lot of issues that need to be solved to develop next generation supercomputers. In this chapter, the potential applications and current challenges of supercomputing across these domains are explained in detail. The current status of supercomputing and limitations are discussed, which forms the basis for future work in these areas. The future ideas that can be applied efficiently with the availability of good computing resources are explained coherently in this chapter.

The mensuration of interfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
W.M. Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Lattice Resolution ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
The Way

I do not have access to the abstracts of the first meeting of EMSA but at this, the 50th Anniversary meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, I have an excuse to consider the historical origins of the approaches we take to the use of electron microscopy for the characterisation of materials. I have myself been actively involved in the use of TEM for the characterisation of heterogeneities for little more than half of that period. My own view is that it was between the 3rd International Meeting at London, and the 1956 Stockholm meeting, the first of the European series , that the foundations of the approaches we now take to the characterisation of a material using the TEM were laid down. (This was 10 years before I took dynamical theory to be etched in stone.) It was at the 1956 meeting that Menter showed lattice resolution images of sodium faujasite and Hirsch, Home and Whelan showed images of dislocations in the XlVth session on “metallography and other industrial applications”. I have always incidentally been delighted by the way the latter authors misinterpreted astonishingly clear thickness fringes in a beaten (”) foil of Al as being contrast due to “large strains”, an error which they corrected with admirable rapidity as the theory developed. At the London meeting the research described covered a broad range of approaches, including many that are only now being rediscovered as worth further effort: however such is the power of “the image” to persuade that the above two papers set trends which influence, perhaps too strongly, the approaches we take now. Menter was clear that the way the planes in his image tended to be curved was associated with the imaging conditions rather than with lattice strains, and yet it now seems to be common practice to assume that the dots in an “atomic resolution image” can faithfully represent the variations in atomic spacing at a localised defect. Even when the more reasonable approach is taken of matching the image details with a computed simulation for an assumed model, the non-uniqueness of the interpreted fit seems to be rather rarely appreciated. Hirsch et al., on the other hand, made a point of using their images to get numerical data on characteristics of the specimen they examined, such as its dislocation density, which would not be expected to be influenced by uncertainties in the contrast. Nonetheless the trends were set with microscope manufacturers producing higher and higher resolution microscopes, while the blind faith of the users in the image produced as being a near directly interpretable representation of reality seems to have increased rather than been generally questioned. But if we want to test structural models we need numbers and it is the analogue to digital conversion of the information in the image which is required.

Current Status of Anserinae Wintering in Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-312
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Andryushchenko ◽  
V. S. Gavrilenko ◽  
V. A. Kostiushyn ◽  
V. N. Kucherenko ◽  
A. S. Mezinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Branta Bernicla ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract In the article is analyzed own field data of the authors and scientific publications on the wintering of Anserinae in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine in 1900–2017, but the main data was obtained in frame of international mid-winter counts (IWC) in 2005–2017. It was found that 9 species of Anserinae occur in this region during the different seasons of the year: Anser anser — nesting, wintering and migrating; Rufibrenta ruficollis, A. albifrons, A. erythropus, A. fabalis — migrating and wintering; Branta canadensis, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Chen caerulescens — vagrant or birds which flew away from captivity (zoo etc.). Eulabeia indica — is possible vagrant species. The most numerous wintering species is A. albifrons, common — Rufibrenta ruficollis, not numerous — Anser anser, the other species are not met annually and registered in a very small number. There was almost tenfold drop in number of wintering geese in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine during the period of counts. The main reasons of such reducing of geese amount are the followwing: weather and climate conditions, changes in the forage acessibility, hunting and poaching pressure, poisoning as a result of deratization of agricultural lands, and from 2014 — the militarization of the Syvash area and stop of water supplying of Crimea through the North Crimean channell. It is likely that the factors mentioned above led to relocating of wintering areas of Anserinae, and resulted in decreasing of their amount in this region.

Microcavities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Kavokin ◽  
Jeremy J. Baumberg ◽  
Guillaume Malpuech ◽  
Fabrice P. Laussy
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Optical Cavities ◽  
Semiconductor Quantum Wells ◽  
Exciton Polaritons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Experimental Findings

Both rich fundamental physics of microcavities and their intriguing potential applications are addressed in this book, oriented to undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as to physicists and engineers. We describe the essential steps of development of the physics of microcavities in their chronological order. We show how different types of structures combining optical and electronic confinement have come into play and were used to realize first weak and later strong light–matter coupling regimes. We discuss photonic crystals, microspheres, pillars and other types of artificial optical cavities with embedded semiconductor quantum wells, wires and dots. We present the most striking experimental findings of the recent two decades in the optics of semiconductor quantum structures. We address the fundamental physics and applications of superposition light-matter quasiparticles: exciton-polaritons and describe the most essential phenomena of modern Polaritonics: Physics of the Liquid Light. The book is intended as a working manual for advanced or graduate students and new researchers in the field.

scholarly journals Evidence for Past Life on Early Mars: How the Evidence Stands

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett K. Gibson ◽  
Kathie L. Thomas-Keprta ◽  
Simon J. Clemett ◽  
David S. Mckay ◽  
Christopher Romanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Martian Meteorite ◽  
Martian Meteorites ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
World’S Scientific Community

Martian Meteorite ALH84001 contains four unusual features which have been interpreted as possible signatures of relic biogenic activity. After six years of intense study by the world's scientific community, the current status of the biogenic hypothesis is reviewed and shown to still be valid. Furthermore additional features have been observed in two younger Martian meteorites. The strongest argument for possible evidence of biogenic activity within the ALH84001 meteorite is the presence of truncated hexa-octahedral magnetite crystals which are only known on Earth to be the products of biology.

TIME CONSTRAINTS AND PRAGMATIC ENCROACHMENT ON KNOWLEDGE

Episteme ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shin
Keyword(s):  
Time Constraints ◽  
Pragmatic Encroachment ◽  
Knowledge Ascriptions ◽  
Ordinary Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Way

AbstractCiting some recent experimental findings, I argue for the surprising claim that in some cases the less time you have the more you know. More specifically, I present some evidence to suggest that our ordinary knowledge ascriptions are sometimes sensitive to facts about an epistemic subject's truth-irrelevant time constraints such that less (time) is more (knowledge). If knowledge ascriptions are sensitive in this manner, then this is some evidence of pragmatic encroachment. Along the way, I consider comments made by Jonathan Schaffer (2006) and Jennifer Nagel (2008, 2010) to construe a purist contextualist and a strict invariantist explanation of the data respectively, before giving reasons to resist them in favor of an account that indicates pragmatic encroachment. If successful, this may suggest a new way to argue for the controversial thesis that there is pragmatic encroachment on knowledge.

scholarly journals Present and Future of Supercapacitor Technology Applied to Powertrains, Renewable Generation and Grid Connection Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3060
Author(s):  
Gustavo Navarro ◽  
Jorge Torres ◽  
Marcos Blanco ◽  
Jorge Nájera ◽  
Miguel Santos-Herran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Traction Drives ◽  
Electric Traction

Energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming essential as a solution for troublesome industrial systems. This study focuses on the application of a type of ESS, a high-power technology known in the literature as supercapacitors or electric double layer capacitors (EDLC). This technology has had a huge impact during the last decade on research related to the electric traction drives, renewable sources and powergrids. Related to this aspect, this paper summarizes the most relevant scientific publications in the last five years that study the use of supercapacitor technology (SCs) in electric traction applications (drives for rail vehicles and drives for road vehicles), generation systems for renewable energy (wind, solar and wave energy), and connection systems to the electric grid (voltage and frequency regulation and microgrids). The technology based on EDLC and the practical aspects that must be taken into account in the op-eration of these systems in industrial applications are briefly described. For each of the aforementioned applications, it is described how the problems are solved by using the energy storage technology, drawing the solutions proposed by different authors. Special attention is paid to the control strategies when combining SCs with other technologies, such as batteries. As a summary, some conclusions are collected drawn from the publications analyzed, evaluating the aspects in which it is necessary to conduct further research in order to facilitate the integration of EDLC technology.

scholarly journals A Compact Review of Laser Welding Technologies for Amorphous Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Jian Qiao ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Yanxiong Wu ◽  
Taixi Chen ◽  
Yixin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fast Heating

Amorphous alloys have emerged as important materials for precision machinery, energy conversion, information processing, and aerospace components. This is due to their unique structure and excellent properties, including superior strength, high elasticity, and excellent corrosion resistance, which have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, the size of the amorphous alloy components remains limited, which affects industrial applications. Significant developments in connection with this technology are urgently needed. Laser welding represents an efficient welding method that uses a laser beam with high energy-density for heating. Laser welding has gradually become a research hotspot as a joining method for amorphous alloys due to its fast heating and cooling rates. In this compact review, the current status of research into amorphous-alloy laser welding technology is discussed, the influence of technological parameters and other welding conditions on welding quality is analyzed, and an outlook on future research and development is provided. This paper can serve as a useful reference for both fundamental research and engineering applications in this field.

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