scholarly journals Detection of Increased Relative Expression Units of Bacteroides and Prevotella, and Decreased Clostridium leptum in Stool Samples from Brazilian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigues ◽  
Cayres ◽  
Gonçalves ◽  
Takaoka ◽  
Lengert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Prevotella Species ◽  
Stool Samples

Interactions between gut microbes and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of some specific bacteria in stool samples from Brazilian RA patients receiving DMARDs and correlate these data with diet, clinical parameters, and cytokines. Stool samples were used for gut bacteria evalutation by qPCR. Serum samples were used to quantify IL-4 and IL-10 by flow cytometer. Statistics were performed by Pearson chi-square, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation. The study included 20 RA patients and 30 healthy controls. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in dietary habits between RA patients and controls. Concerning gut bacteria, we observed an increase in relative expression units (REU) of Bacteroides and Prevotella species in stool samples from patients, and a decrease in REU of Clostridium leptum when compared with healthy controls. Positive correlation between Prevotella and rheumatoid factor was detected. The IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations were increased in patients when compared with controls. We concluded that gut bacteria are different between RA patients receiving DMARDs and healthy controls. Further studies are necessary to determine the real role of gut microbes and their metabolities in clinical response to different DMARDs in RA patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of level of expression of microRNA-21 and let-7g in serum and stool of patients with colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Rahmanpour ◽  
Roya Dolatkhah ◽  
Soheil Navidizadeh ◽  
Peyman Virani ◽  
Nastran Hasanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in the pathogenesis of various malignancies such as colorectal cancer through regulating multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and migrationMiR-21 and let-7 are two important genes that have confirmed in this pathway. The role of the let-7 gene as a gene tumor process in various cancers and the role of miR-21 in the development and progression of cancer has been conclusively identified also this gene has an oncogenic role in various cancers. In this study, the expression patterns of miR-21 and let-7 in serum and stool samples of colorectal cancer patients were evaluated. Materials and Methods During the present study, 120 samples including 40 serum samples of CRC and 40 stool samples from the same patients and 40 healthy samples were collected. After total RNA extraction, real-time PCR was used to measure changes in genes expression. Statistical analysis of data was performed with GraphPad Prism statistical software (Version 6.0) with a significance level of 5%. Results The relative expression level of miR-21 in the serum samples of CRC increased compared to the healthy group, which was statistically significant. On the other hand, the relative expression level of let-7g in the serum samples of CRC showed a significant decrease compared to the healthy sample. In stool samples, the expression changes of either of the two genes were not significant. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the relative expression of miR-21 and let-7g genes can be used as a diagnostic or predictive biomarker in colorectal cancer serum samples. While, this is not the case in stool samples. Moreover, further investigations at the protein level should be performed.

scholarly journals Levels of Circulating TIMP-2 and MMP2-TIMP2 Complex Are Decreased in Squamous Cervical Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talvensaari-Mattila Anne ◽  
Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Matrix Degradation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Natural Tissue ◽  
Squamous Cervical Carcinoma

Background. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in matrix degradation and metastasis has been described in various tumors. Their action is inhibited by their natural tissue inhibitor molecules TIMP-1 and -2.Methods. The study population consisted of 12 squamous cervical carcinoma patients and 27 healthy volunteer control patients. MMP-9, MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were analyzed from serum samples using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results. The mean levels of serum TIMP-2 and of MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex were higher in healthy controls compared to patients with a malignant tumor. Serum TIMP-2 values decreased significantly from healthy controls (median 323 g/l, range 305–342 g/l) to malignant (median 136 g/l, range 120–151 g/l) squamous cervical carcinoma patients . Also, serum proMMP2-TIMP2 complex values decreased from control patients to squamous cervical carcinoma patients .Conclusion. This paper shows that the levels of circulating TIMP-2 and that of MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex are lower in squamous cervical carcinoma patients than in healthy women.

scholarly journals Anti-ceramide antibodies in leprosy: marker for nerve damage?

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Singh ◽  
Bhawna Singh ◽  
Prakash Ray
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system and skin. Multibacillary leprosy is associated with nerve damage which could contribute to myelin alteration. As ceramide is a constituent of myelin sheath, the present study aimed to compare anti-ceramide antibody titre in paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy patients with controls. Methodology: Serum levels of anti-ceramide antibody were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 50 leprosy patients (25 paucibacillary and 25 multibacillary) and 25 healthy controls. Results were reported in OD units as mean ± SD and analyzed by Chi square test (significance at p < 0.05). Results: Patients suffering from multibacillary leprosy had significantly higher anti-ceramide antibody serum levels compared to paucibacillary leprosy patients and healthy controls (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Since nerve damage is the most debilitating effect of leprosy, the search for a serum marker for assessing nerve damage is required in countries where leprosy is still widespread. In multibacillary leprosy patients, the role of anti-ceramide antibody as a marker for nerve damage should be explored.

scholarly journals Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in children in France

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. DECLUDT ◽  
P. BOUVET ◽  
P. MARIANI-KURKDJIAN ◽  
F. GRIMONT ◽  
P. A. D. GRIMONT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We conducted a study to determine the incidence of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children in France and to assess the role of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in the aetiology of HUS. In collaboration with the Société de Néphrologie Pédiatrique we undertook a retrospective review of all cases of HUS hospitalized from January 1993 to March 1995 and a 1-year prospective study (April 1995–March 1996) of epidemiological and microbiological features of cases of HUS. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was used to detect stx, eae, e-hlyA genes directly from case stool samples. Serum samples from cases were examined for antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of 26 major STEC serogroups. Two hundred and eighty-six cases were reported. The average incidence per year was 0·7/105 children < 15 years and 1·8/105 children < 5 years. During the prospective study, 122/130 cases were examined for evidence of STEC infection using PCR and/or serological assays and 105 (86%) had evidence of STEC infection. Serum antibodies to E. coli O157 LPS were detected in 79 (67%) cases tested. In conclusion, this study showed that STEC infection is an important cause of HUS in children in France, with a high proportion related to the O157 serogroup.

scholarly journals Increased Concentrations of Antibody-Bound Circulatory Cell-Free DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Zhong ◽  
Ines von Mühlenen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Anjeung Kang ◽  
Anurag Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Background: Increased concentrations of cell-free DNA have been found in several disorders and have been interpreted as evidence of increased rates of cell death or turnover. Evidence from in vitro and animal experiments suggests that DNA may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: We measured cell-free DNA in plasma and serum from patients with RA and healthy controls by use of quantitative PCR for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) DNA. We used protein G Sepharose™ bead adsorption of plasma and elution to isolate antibody-bound DNA. Results: In paired plasma and serum samples of 16 healthy controls the median GAPDH copies were 4500 genome equivalents (GE)/mL plasma (range 319–21 000) and in 26 RA patients 17 000 GE/mL plasma (2100–2 375 000, P = 0.0001). In the serum from normal controls the median GAPDH copies were 35 000 GE/mL (1700–239 000) and from RA patients 222 000 GE/mL (21 000–2 375 000, P = 0.004). A median of 81% of the cell-free DNA in RA was associated with antibody compared with 9% in healthy controls (P = 0.001). The concentrations of DNA did not vary with the type of therapy patients received. Conclusions: These results provide new evidence for a role of cell-free DNA-antibody complexes in the etiology of RA, suggest new avenues for basic research, and may prove to be relevant to diagnosis and assessment of therapy.

scholarly journals Food Choices and COVID-19: A Study of Traditional Dietary Habits in Chandigarh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Suraj Das ◽  
Anindya Jayanta Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Survey ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Strongly Agree

The study aims to understand the traditional dietary habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and to comprehend the role of societal norms associated with gender in the context of Chandigarh, India. The present paper reports the findings from a cross-section survey conducted in September-October 2020 in Chandigarh in India. In total, there were 70 participants for the primary survey. A five-point Likert scale was used for the primary survey on a scale anchored with Strongly Agree (5) to Strongly Disagree (1). We conducted a Chi-square test and Regression Analysis to test the hypothesis. The result proved that socio-cultural and gender norms are significant for food choice during pandemics. The study will benefit the policymakers while framing the policy dealing with pandemic considering the local socio-cultural perspective. The sample size was very small. Therefore, the outcomes of the study may not be generalized for the whole population of Chandigarh, India.

scholarly journals Validation of Two Kinetic Assays for the Quantification of Endotoxin in Human Serum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Barro ◽  
Anu Paul ◽  
Fermisk Saleh ◽  
Tanuja Chitnis ◽  
Howard L. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chromogenic Assay ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Background: There is an emerging evidence of the role of the microbiome in neurological diseases. Endotoxin is a component of gram-negative bacteria and thought to be one of the possible signals between the gut microbiota and the immune system. Previous studies explored the blood levels of endotoxin using an endpoint chromogenic assay.Methods: We validated and compared the analytical performance of two kinetic assays for the quantification of endotoxin in serum: (1) the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Kinetic-QCL assay and (2) the turbidimetric LAL Pyrogent-5000 assay. We used the best-performing validated assay to measure the endotoxin level in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and eight healthy controls.Results: The Pyrogent-5000 and QCL assay achieved similar performance in regard to spike recovery and linear dilution; however, the Pyrogent-5000 had a better signal to noise in the calibrator curve. By using the Pyrogent-5000 assay, we found that serum samples from MS patients and healthy controls have a similar level of endotoxin; hence, we did not find evidence to support a penetration of endotoxin in the blood of MS patients. Our findings do not exclude a role of endotoxin in mediating signals from the gut microbiota in MS patients directly at the gut–blood barrier where numerous antigen-presenting cells are actively sensing metabolites and bacterial products.

scholarly journals Role of Anti-MICA Antibodies in Graft Survival of Renal Transplant Recipients of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Chowdhry ◽  
R. N. Makroo ◽  
Mandhata Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Yogita Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hla Antibodies ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction. The MIC (MHC class I chain-related) genes are a group of nonclassical MHC genes, located in the MHC class 1 region of chromosome 6. The aim of the present study was to find the prevalence of MHC class 1 chain-related (MICA) alloantibodies in patients undergoing live-related donor renal transplantation and its role in short-term graft survival. The role of blood transfusion in the formation of these antibodies was also studied. Materials and Methods. Pretransplant samples of patients undergoing renal allograft transplantation were tested for anti-MICA antibodies. Association of various demographics, HLA-A + B + DRB1 mismatches, anti-HLA antibody screen, and anti-MICA antibodies was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results. Out of 646 serum samples, 94 (14.6%) were positive and 552 (85.4%) were negative for anti-MICA antibodies. Patients with anti-MICA antibody had a graft survival 89.3% as compared to 94.7% in patients without anti-MICA antibody (P<0.05). The hazard ratio for all patients was 3.0701 (P<0.05). Out of the 340 patients with no HLA antibodies, the presence of anti-MICA antibodies without any HLA antibodies (n=43) was associated with poor outcome in the patients (hazard ratio of 2.768, P<0.05). The presence of MICA antibodies with HLA antibodies did not decrease the graft survival (hazards ratio of 1.3750, P>0.05). Conclusion. Preformed MICA antibodies independently increase the risk of kidney rejection and therefore recommend that guidelines should be formed for mandatory testing of these antibodies prior to renal transplant.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Soluble E-Cadherin Levels with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Tobacco Users and Non-Users

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Abdus Saboor ◽  
Kalsoom Muhammad ◽  
Ilyas Rehman ◽  
Abbas Saleem Khan ◽  
Muhammad Mumtaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco User ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
E Cadherin

Background: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) transforms into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) but thistransformation is not steadfast and depends on multiple factors. E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion moleculeplays pivotal role in epithelial cell behavior, tissue formation, and suppression of cancer and participates in signal transduction ofvarious cellular events including polarity, differentiation, growth and migration. The serum E-cadherin level are raised in cancerpatientsObjective: We designed the study to compare soluble E-cadherin levels in the serum of patients with OPMDs and healthy controlamongtobacco users and non-users.Material and Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at Peshawar Dental College, Khyber College ofDentistry,and Bacha Khan Dental College on the serum samples of 80 subjects, comprising of40 cases of OPMDs and40 healthycontrols,by adoptingnon-probability consecutive samplingtechnique.The serum was analyzed for soluble E-cadherin levels/concentration by ELISA method. Data was recorded, evaluated andanalyzed by SPSS version 23.Results:In OPMDs (Group A) 29 (72.5 %) were tobacco user and 11 (27.5 %) were non-users while in healthy controls (Group B)only 7 (17.5 %) were tobacco user and 33 (82.5 %) were non-usersThe mean serum soluble E-cadherin levels among OPMDs andhealthy controls were 25.94 ng/mL(SD of ±4.65), 24.10ng/mL (SDof ±6.21) respectively. It was statistically insignificant (P>0.05) and were identified when independent samples T-Test were appliedto compare the serum soluble E-cadherin levels between the two groups. Statistically significant (P<0.05) relation has beenestablished in our study between tobacco users and OPMDs. By using Chi square test both tobacco users and non-users, malesand females showed highly significant association with OPMDs group and healthy controls with a (P<0.05) respectivelyConclusion: The concentration of serum soluble E-cadherin were higher in OPMDs cases when compared with healthy controlsboth tobacco users and non-users but it was found statistically insignificant. Furthermore, the serum soluble E-cadherin withOPMDs group had a significant association with tobacco user. Risk estimate (odds ratios) showed that tobacco users were 12.43times more at riskto develop OPMDs thannon-usersKeywords: Oral Potential Malignant Disorders (OPMDs), Serum soluble E-cadherins,Oral Squamous CellCarcinoma (OSCC).

Study the Relationship Between Estrogen Hormone and Calcium in Normal Females Before and After Menopause in Baghdad / Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameerah Mustafa ◽  
Asal Tawfeeq ◽  
Hadeel Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age Range

This study involved the collection of (90) samples of women serum which included (30) serum samples collected from women before menopause (reproductive women) in the age range of (22-43) years and were considered as (group A- control). While, (group B) included (30) serum samples collected from women using oral contraceptive pills between the ages of (22-43) years old. Whereas, another (30) serum samples were collected from women after menopause between the ages of (43-54) years and were considered as (group C). All of the collected serum samples were subjected to a number of serological and chemical tests for the measurement of (E2, HDL, LDL and Ca). Then, the obtained data were statistical analyzed and results showed a significant decrease (p˂ 0.05) in (E2 ,Ca and HDL) levels in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls. While, there were non-significant decrease (p> 0.05) in (E2, Ca and HDL) levels in women taking oral contraceptive when compared to the normal healthy controls. On the other hand, a significant increase (p˂ 0.05) was recorded in LDL level in menopausal women compared to that of the normal healthy controls whereas, no-significant increase (p˃ 0.05) in the LDL level in women taking oral contraceptives when compared to the control women.

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