scholarly journals Maize Inoculation with Microbial Consortia: Contrasting Effects on Rhizosphere Activities, Nutrient Acquisition and Early Growth in Different Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Bradáčová ◽  
Maximilian Sittinger ◽  
Katharina Tietz ◽  
Benjamin Neuhäuser ◽  
Ellen Kandeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
N And P Cycling

The benefit of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) as plant inoculants is influenced by a wide range of environmental factors. Therefore, microbial consortia products (MCPs) based on multiple PGPM strains with complementary functions, have been proposed as superior, particularly under challenging environmental conditions and for restoration of beneficial microbial communities in disturbed soil environments. To test this hypothesis, the performance of a commercial MCP inoculant based on 22 PGPM strains was investigated in greenhouse experiments with maize on three soils with contrasting pH, organic matter content and microbial activity, under different P and N fertilization regimes. Interestingly, the MCP inoculant stimulated root and shoot growth and improved the acquisition of macronutrients only on a freshly collected field soil with high organic matter content, exclusively in combination with stabilized ammonium fertilization. This was associated with transiently increased expression of AuxIAA5 in the root tissue, a gene responsive to exogenous auxin supply, suggesting root growth promotion by microbial auxin production as a major mode of action of the MCP inoculant. High microbial activity was indicated by intense expression of soil enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycling in the rhizosphere (cellulase, leucine peptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases) but without MCP effects. By contrast, the MCP inoculation did not affect maize biomass production or nutrient acquisition on soils with very little Corg and low microbial activity, although moderate stimulation of rhizosphere enzymes involved in N and P cycling was recorded. There was also no indication for MCP-induced solubilization of Ca-phosphates on a calcareous sub-soil fertilized with rock-phosphate. The results demonstrate that the combination of multiple PGPM strains with complementary properties as MCP inoculants does not necessarily translate into plant benefits in challenging environments. Thus, a better understanding of the conditions determining successful MCP application is mandatory.

scholarly journals Nitrogen mineralization and microbial activity as influenced by sulfur sources in an alkaline calcareous soil

1970 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Tufail Shah ◽  
Zahir Shah ◽  
Syed Atizaz Ali Shah ◽  
Nazir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fungal Population

A study was performed to check the effects of various sources of sulfur on microbial activity, microbial population, N mineralization and organic matter content in an alkaline calcareous soil by using soil samples collected from Malakandher Farm at 0-20 cm depth, and analyzed for microbial activity, total mineral nitrogen, bacterial and fungal population and organic matter content. The results showed that the rate of CO2 evolution and cumulative CO2 production were higher in soils amended with elemental sulfur followed by sulfuric acid and gypsum treated soils. The microbial activity decreased with incubation period in all treatments, and the microbial population was greatly affected by sulfur sources. Generally, the bacterial population decreased in soils amended with elemental sulfur, but the population was higher in soils amended with gypsum. Bacterial population was suppressed in soils treated with sulfuric acid. However, the fungal population was higher in soils amended with sulfuric acids was less in soil amended with elemental sulfur. The sulfur amendments promoted immobilization of N. The net N immobilized was higher in soil amended with gypsum followed by soils amended with sulfuric acid and elemental sulfur. The percent organic matter was higher in soils amended with gypsum and was decreased compared with that amended with elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid. These results suggested that soil microbiological properties changed with sulfur amendments during laboratory incubation.

Relationship between soil composition and retention capacity of terbumeton onto chalky soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achouak El Arfaoui ◽  
Stéphanie Sayen ◽  
Eric Marceau ◽  
Lorenzo Stievano ◽  
Emmanuel Guillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Components

Environmental context. The wide use of pesticides for pest and weed control contributes to their presence in underground and surface waters, which has led to a continuously growing interest in their environmental fate. Soils play a key role in the transfer of these compounds from the sprayer to the water as a result of their capacity to retain pesticides depending on the soil components. The knowledge of soil composition should enable one to predict pesticide behaviour in the environment. Abstract. Eight calcareous soils of Champagne vineyards (France) were studied to investigate the adsorption of the herbicide terbumeton (TER). A preliminary characterisation of the soil samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental and textural analyses, revealed a wide range of soil properties for the selected samples. The adsorption isotherms of TER were plotted for all samples. The determination of soil properties, which significantly correlated with the Kd distribution coefficient, allowed identification of organic matter and CaCO3 as the two main soil components that govern the retention of the herbicide. Organic matter was the predominant phase involved in the retention but its role was limited by the presence of calcite. Finally, the ratio of CaCO3 content to organic matter content was proposed as a useful parameter to predict the adsorption of terbumeton in chalky soils. The evolution of Kd as a function of this ratio was successfully described using an empirical model.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM PIG SLURRY AND SOLID CATTLE MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NDAYEGAMIYE ◽  
D. CÔTÉ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry

Chemical and biological properties were evaluated in 1987 on an acidic silty loam soil following a long-term field study established in 1978 and cultivated with silage corn. Treatments included a control, solid cattle manure (20, 40 and 60 Mg ha−1 FYM) and pig slurry (60, 120 m3 ha−1 SLU) applied every 2 yr and annually, respectively. No fertilizer was applied. The results of this study have shown that neither treatment significantly affected soil pH values, total-N contents and C:N ratios compared to the control. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil was significantly higher with FYM treatment than with control or SLU application. The highest rates of FYM and SLU have also increased (P < 0.05) soil organic carbon, microbial activity and potentially mineralizable nitrogen. The soil microflora populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers and nitrifiers) were greatly improved by both treatments. There were no significant differences in organic matter content or the relative amount of humic and fulvic acids between FYM and SLU plots. In spite of these results, FYM application (40 and 60 Mg ha−1) did affect more significantly the distribution of organic carbon in HA and the E4/E6 quotients than SLU additions. Humic acids extracted from SLU amended soils had a lower C content and lower E4/E6 ratios than humic acids from FYM soils. Long-term SLU application did not contribute to decreased organic matter content, CEC and humic acids yield, probably because of optimal organic residues returned to the soil by the corn crops. The FYM application generally improved soil chemical and biological properties. For a sustainable soil productivity, long-term SLU application should then be avoided in rotation in which small amounts of plant residues are returned, especially on soils with low organic matter contents. Key words: Organic matter, microbial activity, nitrogen mineralization potential, CEC, solid cattle manure, pig slurry

scholarly journals The color of refractory organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Antonin Van Exem ◽  
Geneviève Bessereau ◽  
Frank Haeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Wide Range

Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity (i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Diversity and Distribution of Naked Amoebae in Water Bodies of Sumy Region (Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Patsyuk ◽  
I. P. Onyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Riparian Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Naked Amoebae

Abstract Taxonomy of naked amoebae and specifics of their distribution in water bodies of Sumy Region are presented. Our research identified 12 species of naked amoebae of 11 morphotypes. We established their ecological groups relative to abiotic aquatic factors: euryoxidic, stenooxidic, stenobiotic and those that survive in a wide range of organic matter content. According to the species composition, swamp and riparian species complexes of naked amoebae were identified. It was found that species complexes of amoeba are influenced by such factors as temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen and organic compounds.

Salinity affects microbial activity and soil organic matter content in tidal wetlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ember M. Morrissey ◽  
Jaimie L. Gillespie ◽  
Joseph C. Morina ◽  
Rima B. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

scholarly journals Artificial chinampas soils of Mexico City: their properties and salinization hazards .

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Krasilnikov ◽  
Norma Eugenia García Calderón ◽  
Rosalía Ramos Bello ◽  
Héctor Manuel Ortega Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Wide Range

The chinampas agriculture is a traditional land use practice in the Valley of Mexico since Pre-Hispanic time. The chinampas soils were constructed by excavation of lake sediments that resulted in the creation of a system of islands separated by channels. The agricultural productivity of these artificial soils was high; also the land use practices included forestry, fish breeding and hunting. Nowadays, the chinampas soils are affected by excessive salinity. We studied 10 representative soil profiles in the chinampas zone of Mexico City in order to characterize their properties and origin, to provide their classification, and to evaluate soil salinization, vertical distribution of the salts and their chemical composition. The soils are characterized by a layered structure, uniform dark grey colour, irregular vertical distribution of organic carbon and clay, and high percentage of carbon. Some soils show an increase in organic matter with depth, and other profiles have maximum organic matter content in the surficial layers and in the subsoil. The dynamics of sedimentation resulted in the decrease in organic matter in the upper layers of lacustrine sediments, because of recent increase in erosion rate and consequent increase in the proportion of mineral particles in the sediments. Most probably high organic matter content in surficial layers of some soils is due to excavation and accumulation of organic-rich subsoil material in the course of digging the channels. The concentration of soluble salts in superficial horizons, expressed as electric conductivity, varies in a wide range from 5 to almost 50 dS·m<sup>-1</sup>. The salts concentrate mainly in the superficial layers of soils. The abundance of the cations of soluble salts is Na<sup>+</sup>&gt;Mg<sup>2+</sup>&gt;Ca<sup>2+</sup>&gt;K<sup>+</sup> and that of the anions is SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>&gt;Cl<sup>-</sup>&gt;HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>&gt;CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>. The alkaline reaction of soils is caused by exchangeable Na rather than by free sodium carbonates. The restoration of chinampas requires a complex approach, combining soil, water and ecosystems remediation.

Soil Properties Influence Saflufenacil Phytotoxicity

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
Adam C. Hixson ◽  
Kyle E. Keller ◽  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Wide Range

Saflufenacil, a pyrimidinedione herbicide, is used for contact and residual broadleaf weed control in various crops. Bioactivity of saflufenacil in soil was tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies on 29 soils representing a wide range of soil properties and geographic areas across the United States. A greenhouse bioassay method was developed using various concentrations of saflufenacil applied PPI to each soil. Whole canola plants were harvested 14 d after treatment, and fresh and dry weights were recorded. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to determine the effective saflufenacil doses for 50% (ED50,), 80% (ED80), and 90% (ED90) inhibition of total plant fresh weight. Bioactivity of saflufenacil in soil was strongly correlated to soil organic (R= 0.85) and humic matter (R= 0.81), and less correlated to cation exchange capacity (R= 0.49) and sand content (R= −0.32). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that organic matter was the major soil constituent controlling bioactivity in soil and could be used to predict the bioactivity of saflufenacil. Saflufenacil phytotoxicity was found to be dependent on soil property; therefore, efficacy and crop tolerance from PRE and PPI applications may vary based on soil organic matter content and texture classification.

scholarly journals Study on the Revitalization Potential of Thermal-treated Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Vermes ◽  
B. Biró
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inocula

A pot experiment was set up at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Horticultural Sciences of the Szent István University in 2001 investigating the revitalization effect of selected treatments on thermal-treated soils and other production substances. In the experiment 6 factors and 7 treatments were used, each in 4 replicates, using rape ( Brassica napus DC ) as test plant. During the time period of the experiment (29 May-17 August) continuous observations and measurements were conducted, plant and soil analyses - chemical and microbiological - were made to establish the main effects and results of the different treatments. These are discussed in the paper in detail. Although the soil-vitalization procedures were of great success, no treatment in the experiment had an extremely positive effect. Various additives, however could enhance the re-colonization processes significantly.  According to the basic factors (the soils or substrates) the best treatments were: the A1 (clay-pearl) additive and the C2, C3 factors (the medium and low temperature soil treatments).  Among the treatment combinations, treatments IV and VII were the best ( compost and compost + inocula addition). This fact shows that the compost in a good quality, and the compost enriched, compost extracted microbial inocula can play the most important role in the revitalization of thermal-treated soils. Manure addition and the manure + inocula treatment can also be used as a prominent treatment in the restoration, to increase the organic matter content and the microbial activity in soils. The single alga- and microbial inocula treatment was not successful permanently, therefore their use - without adding any parallel organic matter - cannot be recommended. Investigations of the soil microbial activity showed that the lowest temperature of thermal treatments had resulted a more effective revitalization. The clay-pearl additive increased the persistency and activity of the microbes in the soil. It was also obviously found that the organic additives with or without the microbial inoculations could be used potentially as the best soil revitalization treatments. 

scholarly journals Yeşilırmak Nehir Teraslarında Toprakların Oluşumu ve Sınıflandırılması

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Durak ◽  
Mehmet Erdem Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Profile

In this study, the soils of which parent material is alluvial and formed Yeşilırmak river terraces were investigated. For this purposes four different profiles were excavated in the study area. Then twenty-seven soil samples were taken from horizons of four profiles and their physical and chemical analyses were done for soil taxonomy research. Profile of Kumocagi and Cakil were classified in subgroup as Typic Ustipsamments, Havaalanı and Mera profiles were classified Typic Haplustolls and Typic Argiustolls subgroups respectively. The pH values of soils varied between 7.38-8.41. These soils can be classified as low and highly basic. Most of the soil series had an irregular pH distribution in the profile. The range of carbonate content of the soils was 0.8-25.4%. Although carbonate content of soils showed a very wide range, majority of them can be classified as highly calcareous. In most of soils carbonate content was distributed irregulary in the profile. Organic matter content were between 0.14-6.11% in the soils. Although organic matter contents of the soils changed in a wide range most of them had low organic matter content. Organic matter content was over 4% in the surface horizon of only two profiles. Research result showed that, alluvial parent material, particle size, topograpy and time have different effect on investigation soils.

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