scholarly journals Short-Term Probiotic Administration Increases Fecal-Anti Candida Activity in Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano De Angelis ◽  
Carolina Scagnolari ◽  
Alessandra Oliva ◽  
Eugenio Nelson Cavallari ◽  
Luigi Celani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Candida albicans’ ability to evade host immune responses represents a serious threat for vulnerable patients. Objectives: To investigate if (1) feces from healthy subjects exert anti-Candida activity; (2) fecal anti-Candida activity is modified by probiotic administration and (3) different probiotic differently modulate anti-Candida activity. Patients and methods: Feces from healthy donors were analyzed before and after seven days of dietary supplementation with two different probiotic formulations (VSL#3®; Vivomixx®). Candida albicans was cultured with decreasing concentrations of diluted feces, obtained before and after the treatment period. The relationship between anti-Candida activity of feces, interferon-α, anti-interferon-α antibodies and the expression of MxA, ISG15 and IFNAR1 was also evaluated. Results: Feces obtained prior to probiotic intake and feces collected after supplementation with VSL#3® did not affect Candida albicans growth. On the contrary, a 3log10 inhibition of Candida development was observed after Vivomixx® intake. Interferon-α played a role in the inhibition of Candida growth. Conclusion: Fecal anti-Candida activity was not observed prior to probiotic supplementation. Seven days of administration of Vivomixx® increased fecal anti-Candida activity, the same effect was not observed after intake of VSL#3®. The probiotic-induced anti-Candida activity seems to be related to an increased local production and release of interferon-α. Clinical trials are needed to determine if a short pretreatment with specific probiotic formulations may increase anti-Candida defenses in patients at risk.

Coping with anxiety in patients undergoing hip replacement

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Stecz ◽  
Józef Kocur
Keyword(s):  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Our research aim was to answer whether temperament traits could predict the anxiety experienced by osteoarthritis patients before and after arthroplasty; we analyzed if coping styles moderated the relationship between temperament and perioperative anxiety, and examined the fluctuation of perceived stress and anxiety. In the longitudinal study (N=61, mean age 70.9) we measured temperament traits (EAS-A), coping styles (Brief-COPE) and changes of perceived anxiety (STAI) and stress (PSS-10), before and after arthroplasty. Anxiety and stress decreased significantly after the surgery. Temperament correlated with the anxiety state. Positive correlates were anger, negative affectivity, and fear while negative correlates included sociability and vigor. Regression analyses indicated the predictors of preoperative anxiety which included vigor and negative affectivity. The regression model for the variation of postsurgical anxiety indicated that negative affectivity explained the variance of this variable (R2=0.57). Moderation analyses confirmed that the temperament and anxiety relationship depended on: active coping, acceptance and planning. Vulnerable patients with temperamental emotionality and ineffective coping report heightened perioperative anxiety, while effective coping moderates the temperament and anxiety relationship.

Inhalation patterns and predominant site of bronchoconstriction in healthy subjects

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Strohl ◽  
C. F. O'Cain ◽  
R. H. Ingram ◽  
M. A. Yanta ◽  
W. D. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Maximal Flow ◽  
Maximal Expiratory Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
The Relationship

To determine the relationship between changes in density dependence of maximal expiratory flow and changes in the predominant site of bronchoconstriction, we altered the pattern of inhalation of a methacholine aerosol to achieve deposition either centrally (by short choppy breaths) or peripherally (by slow deep breaths). Partial expiratory flow volume curves on air and on 80% helium-20% oxygen (HeO2) were recorded in six healthy subjects before and after each pattern of methacholine inhalation. We varied concentrations of methacholine and number of inhalations to achieve equivalent degrees of bronchoconstriction as assessed by decreases in maximal flow (Vmax) on air, which fell 27% from control values. Vmax on HeO2 also fell after both inhalation patterns. Density dependence (Vmax on HeO2 divided by Vmax on air) decreased following slow deep breaths of bronchoconstrictor aerosol, and increased following short choppy breaths. In three subjects, inhalation of radiolabeled methacholine aerosol confirmed that the slow deep pattern was associated with a diffuse, more peripheral deposition, whereas the short choppy pattern led to central deposition. We conclude that changes in density dependence reflect the predominant site of obstruction after acute methacholine aerosol challenge in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
P Cech ◽  
A Papathanassiou ◽  
G Boreux ◽  
P Roth ◽  
PA Miescher
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Relationship

The functional properties of granulocytes in a diabetic patient deficient in myeloperoxidase (MPO) were compared with those of granulocytes in healthy subjects. The granulocytes of this patient had normal phagocytic activity. The microbicidal activity of the granulocytes was partially diminished with regard to Staphylococcus aureus and was almost nil with regard to Candida albicans. Fungicidal activity of normal granulocytes was shown to be impaired during the in vitro artificial hyperglycemic condition. The relationship among diabetes mellitus, MPO deficiency, and serious C. albicans infection was examined. Genetic investigation was carried out in 28 members of the proband's family. In close relatives of the patient, MPO values were found to be diminshed to a greater or lesser degree, thus suggesting variable expressivity of the heterozygote state of MPO deficiency.

scholarly journals Hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cech ◽  
A Papathanassiou ◽  
G Boreux ◽  
P Roth ◽  
PA Miescher
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The functional properties of granulocytes in a diabetic patient deficient in myeloperoxidase (MPO) were compared with those of granulocytes in healthy subjects. The granulocytes of this patient had normal phagocytic activity. The microbicidal activity of the granulocytes was partially diminished with regard to Staphylococcus aureus and was almost nil with regard to Candida albicans. Fungicidal activity of normal granulocytes was shown to be impaired during the in vitro artificial hyperglycemic condition. The relationship among diabetes mellitus, MPO deficiency, and serious C. albicans infection was examined. Genetic investigation was carried out in 28 members of the proband's family. In close relatives of the patient, MPO values were found to be diminshed to a greater or lesser degree, thus suggesting variable expressivity of the heterozygote state of MPO deficiency.

scholarly journals Whole-brain computational modeling reveals disruption of microscale brain dynamics in HIV infected individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchuan Zhuang ◽  
Zhengwu Zhang ◽  
Madalina Tivarus ◽  
Xing Qiu ◽  
Jianhui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Recurrent Connection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Field Dynamic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Brain

AbstractIn this study, we adopted the relaxed mean-field dynamic modeling to investigate structural and functional connectivity in forty-two HIV-infected subjects before and after 12-week of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and compared them with forty-six age-matched healthy subjects. Microscale brain dynamics were modeled by a set of parameters including two region-specific microscale brain properties, recurrent connection strengths, and subcortical inputs. We also analyzed the relationship between the model parameters (i.e. the recurrent connection and subcortical inputs) and functional network topological characterizations. The results show that untreated HIV-infected individuals have disrupted local brain dynamics that in part correlate with network topological measurements. Notably, after 12 weeks of cART, both the microscale brain dynamics and the network topological measurements improved and were closer to those in the healthy brain. This was also associated with improved cognitive performance, suggesting that improvement in local brain dynamics translates into clinical improvement.

Enhancing Spatial Ability Through Sport Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreau ◽  
Jérome Clerc ◽  
Annie Mansy-Dannay ◽  
Alain Guerrien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Plasticity ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment investigated the relationship between mental rotation and sport training. Undergraduate university students (n = 62) completed the Mental Rotation Test ( Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978 ), before and after a 10-month training in two different sports, which either involved extensive mental rotation ability (wrestling group) or did not (running group). Both groups showed comparable results in the pretest, but the wrestling group outperformed the running group in the posttest. As expected from previous studies, males outperformed women in the pretest and the posttest. Besides, self-reported data gathered after both sessions indicated an increase in adaptive strategies following training in wrestling, but not subsequent to training in running. These findings demonstrate the significant effect of training in particular sports on mental rotation performance, thus showing consistency with the notion of cognitive plasticity induced from motor training involving manipulation of spatial representations. They are discussed within an embodied cognition framework.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARASITIC INFECTION AND KNOWLEDGE, HYGIENIC PRACTICAL MEASURES OF PARASITIC INFECTIOUS PREVENTION IN VINH THAI COMMUNITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections werecommonintropical country such as Vietnam. Having good knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and changing risk behaviors can decrease the infection rate. Objective: To evaluate the parasitic infectious rate in Vinh Thai community before and after being health education and the changing of knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and risk behaviors. Materials and methods: 60 households in Vinh Thai commune were interviewed their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and examined intestinal parasite infection by Kato technique and then trained the knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention. The interview and examination parasite infectiousrate were carried out after 6 months to evaluating their knowledge. Result: Before health education, the rate of intestinal parasite infection was 17.4% with the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm, small fluke worm and co-infection with A. lumbricoides - whipworm, hookworm-whipworm were 0.1%; 8.0%; 5.8%; 0.6%; 0.3%; 1.2% and 3.0% respectively. Six months later the rate of intestinal parasite infection was decreased in 12.6% even though not statistical significantly. However, there were no case of small fluke worm and co-infection with hookworm-whipworm. Receiving health education, their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention was higher significantly but their risk behaviors were not changed so much. Conclusion: Health education can change the rate of parasite infection with higher knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention but it was necessary continuous study to change the risk behaviors. Key words: intestinal parasite, health education

Sunlight exposure: the effects on the performance of paragliding fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
MENGÜÇ GAMZE SÜPÜREN ◽  
TEMEL EMRAH ◽  
BOZDOĞAN FARUK
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dark Blue

This study was designed to explore the relationship between sunlight exposure and the mechanical properties of paragliding fabrics which have different colors, densities, yarn counts, and coating materials. This study exposed 5 different colors of paragliding fabrics (red, turquoise, dark blue, orange, and white) to intense sunlight for 150 hours during the summer from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the UV radiation aging process, the air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and bursting strength tests were performed. Test results were also evaluated using statistical methods. According to the results, the fading of the turquoise fabric was found to be the highest among the studied fabrics. It was determined that there is a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabrics after sunlight exposure. After aging, the fabrics become considerably weaker in the case of mechanical properties due to the degradation in both the dyestuff and macromolecular structure of the fiber

STUDY OF CXCL12, CCR4, EGFR GENE EXPRESSION IN MIGRATING MYELOMONOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. B. Filina ◽  
O. A. Svitich ◽  
Yu. I. Ammur ◽  
A. K. Golenkov ◽  
E. F. Klinushkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemokine Cxcl12 ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cell Chemotaxis

Аim. A study of CXCL12 effect on the migration of mononuclear cells isolated from healthy patients, from patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia before and after chemotherapy and the study of CCR4, EGFR and CXCL12 genes expression after exposure to CXCL12. Materials and methods. The chemotaxis of mononuclear cells (MNCs) of healthy donors and patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia was studied in a Boyden chamber, followed by isolation of RNA, reverse transcription and PCR-RV. Results. A significant increase in myelomonoblasic cell chemotaxis towards CXCL12 after chemotherapy was demonstrated, as well as a decrease in the expression of this chemokine in tumor cells before chemotherapy after exposure to CXCL12. Сonclusion. Presumably, the tumor cells themselves produce CXCL12 in large amounts, which is necessary for the disturbance of intercellular interactions and further intravasation, whose production may decrease with external stimulation by the same chemokine. CXCL12 also helps to increase the expression level of EGFR and CCR4, which leads to increased tumor proliferation and migration of tumor cells.

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