scholarly journals Transcriptomic Responses to Thermal Stress and Varied Phosphorus Conditions in Fugacium kawagutii

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senjie Lin ◽  
Liying Yu ◽  
Huan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dual Algorithm ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses ◽  
Major Nutrients

Coral reef-associated Symbiodiniaceae live in tropical and oligotrophic environments and are prone to heat and nutrient stress. How their metabolic pathways respond to pulses of warming and phosphorus (P) depletion is underexplored. Here, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to investigate transcriptomic responses to thermal stress, phosphate deprivation, and organic phosphorus (OP) replacement in Fugacium kawagutii. Using dual-algorithm (edgeR and NOIseq) to remedy the problem of no replicates, we conservatively found 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under heat stress, potentially regulating cell wall modulation and the transport of iron, oxygen, and major nutrients. About 396 DEGs were detected under P deprivation and 671 under OP utilization, both mostly up-regulated and potentially involved in photosystem and defensome, despite different KEGG pathway enrichments. Additionally, we identified 221 genes that showed relatively stable expression levels across all conditions (likely core genes), mostly catalytic and binding proteins. This study reveals a wide range of, and in many cases previously unrecognized, molecular mechanisms in F. kawagutii to cope with heat stress and phosphorus-deficiency stress. Their quantitative expression dynamics, however, requires further verification with triplicated experiments, and the data reported here only provide clues for generating testable hypotheses about molecular mechanisms underpinning responses and adaptation in F. kawagutii to temperature and nutrient stresses.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic responses to thermal stress and varied phosphorus conditions in Symbiodinium kawagutii

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Yu ◽  
Senjie Lin ◽  
Huan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Phosphate Deprivation ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

Symbiodinium species are essential symbionts of tropical reef-building corals and the disruption of their symbiosis with corals as a consequence of seawater warming and other stress conditions leads to the globally widespread coral bleaching. As coral reefs live in the oligotrophic environment, Symbiodinium photosynthesis can also face nutrient stress. How metabolic pathways in Symbiodinium respond to thermal stress and phosphate depletion is poorly understood and underexplored for many species. Here we conducted RNA-seq analysis to investigate transcriptomic responses to thermal stress, phosphate deprivation and glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) replacement in S. kawagutii. RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis were conducted for the above-mentioned three treatments and a control. We identified 221 (2.04%) genes showing no significant differential expression among all conditions, and defined them as “core” genes of S. kawagutii, which mostly were in the Gene Ontology terms of catalytic activity and binding. Using algorithms edgeR and NOIseq in combination, we identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment relative to the control. Under heat stress 357 (4.42%) DEGs were found, with predicted roles in active molecular (protein-protein/RNA/DNA) interaction, cell wall modulation and transport (including nutrients, iron, and oxygen). About as many DEGs (396, 4.73%) were identified under P deprivation while nearly double of that (671, 8.05%) were detected under Gro3P utilization; in both cases most of the DEGs were up-regulated and predicted to function in photosystem and defensome. Further KEGG pathway comparison revealed different molecular responses between phosphate deprivation and Gro3P utilization. Catalytic activity and binding seem to be two important core functions in S. kawagutii. The most significant transcriptional response in S. kawagutii to heat stress was regulation of molecular interaction, cell wall modulation, and transport of iron, oxygen, and major nutrients, suggesting that this species uses a unique mechanism to cope with heat stress, possibly conferring thermal tolerance. The greatest transcriptomic impact of phosphate deprivation and Gro3P replacement were the up-regulation of photosystem and defense. This study provides new clues about molecular mechanisms underpinning responses in Symbiodinium to temperature and nutrient stresses, which will generate new hypotheses and set a new framework for future investigations.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzymes and Heat Shock Protein Genes from Liposcelis bostrychophila Are Involved in Stress Defense upon Heat Shock

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Ze Qing Miao ◽  
Yan Qing Tu ◽  
Peng Yu Guo ◽  
Wang He ◽  
Tian Xing Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Liposcelis Bostrychophila

Psocids are a new risk for global food security and safety because they are significant worldwide pests of stored products. Among these psocids, Liposcelis bostrychophila has developed high levels of resistance or tolerance to heat treatment in grain storage systems, and thus has led to investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in this pest. In this study, the time-related effects of thermal stress treatments at relatively high temperatures on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA), of L. bostrychophila were determined. Thermal stress resulted that L. bostrychophila had a significantly higher MDA concentration at 42.5 °C, which indicated that the heat stress increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents and oxidative stress in this psocid pest. Heat stress also resulted in significant elevation of SOD, CAT and GST activities but decreased POD activity. Our data indicates that different antioxidant enzymes contribute to defense mechanisms, counteracting oxidative damage in varying levels. POD play minor roles in scavenging deleterious LPO, while enhanced SOD, CAT and GST activities in response to thermal stress likely play a more important role against oxidative damage. Here, we firstly identified five LbHsps (four LbHsp70s and one LbHsp110) from psocids, and most of these LbHsps (except LbHsp70-1) are highly expressed at fourth instar nymph and adults, and LbHsp70-1 likely presents as a cognate form of HSP due to its non-significant changes of expression. Most LbHsp70s (except LbHsp70-4) are significantly induced at moderate high temperatures (<40 °C) and decreased at extreme high temperatures (40–45 °C), but LbHsp110-1 can be significantly induced at all high temperatures. Results of this study suggest that the LbHsp70s and LbHsp110 genes are involved in tolerance to thermal stress in L. bostrychophila, and antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins may be coordinately involved in the tolerance to thermal stress in psocids.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Pennisi ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Luca Falzone ◽  
Francesco Fisicaro ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Acute Polyneuropathy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, findings available on its neurological manifestations and their pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been systematically addressed. A literature search on neurological complications reported in patients with COVID-19 until June 2020 produced a total of 23 studies. Overall, these papers report that patients may exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizures, cerebrovascular events, acute polyneuropathy, headache, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, as well as some non-specific symptoms. Whether these features can be an indirect and unspecific consequence of the pulmonary disease or a generalized inflammatory state on the CNS remains to be determined; also, they may rather reflect direct SARS-CoV-2-related neuronal damage. Hematogenous versus transsynaptic propagation, the role of the angiotensin II converting enzyme receptor-2, the spread across the blood-brain barrier, the impact of the hyperimmune response (the so-called “cytokine storm”), and the possibility of virus persistence within some CNS resident cells are still debated. The different levels and severity of neurotropism and neurovirulence in patients with COVID-19 might be explained by a combination of viral and host factors and by their interaction.

scholarly journals Targeting AURKA in Cancer: molecular mechanisms and opportunities for Cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Du ◽  
Chuntian Huang ◽  
Kangdong Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Zigang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Cancer Tissues

AbstractAurora kinase A (AURKA) belongs to the family of serine/threonine kinases, whose activation is necessary for cell division processes via regulation of mitosis. AURKA shows significantly higher expression in cancer tissues than in normal control tissues for multiple tumor types according to the TCGA database. Activation of AURKA has been demonstrated to play an important role in a wide range of cancers, and numerous AURKA substrates have been identified. AURKA-mediated phosphorylation can regulate the functions of AURKA substrates, some of which are mitosis regulators, tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In addition, enrichment of AURKA-interacting proteins with KEGG pathway and GO analysis have demonstrated that these proteins are involved in classic oncogenic pathways. All of this evidence favors the idea of AURKA as a target for cancer therapy, and some small molecules targeting AURKA have been discovered. These AURKA inhibitors (AKIs) have been tested in preclinical studies, and some of them have been subjected to clinical trials as monotherapies or in combination with classic chemotherapy or other targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Jodi Callwood ◽  
Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Diarra Aicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Anti-NLRP3 Inflammasome Natural Compounds: An Update

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Baolong Liu ◽  
Jiujiu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Signals

The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that recognizes various danger or stress signals from pathogens, the host, and the environment, leading to activation of caspase-1 and inducing inflammatory responses. This pro-inflammatory protein complex plays critical roles in pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, intensive efforts have been devoted to understanding its activation mechanisms and to searching for its specific inhibitors. Approximately forty natural compounds with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome properties have been identified. Here, we provide an update about new natural compounds that have been identified within the last three years to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and offer an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms of their anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activities.

scholarly journals When the Balance Tips: Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Culprit in Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4617
Author(s):  
Styliana Kyriakoudi ◽  
Anthi Drousiotou ◽  
Petros P. Petrou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Fusion ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, the morphology of which is tightly linked to their functions. The interplay between the coordinated events of fusion and fission that are collectively described as mitochondrial dynamics regulates mitochondrial morphology and adjusts mitochondrial function. Over the last few years, accruing evidence established a connection between dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and disease development and progression. Defects in key components of the machinery mediating mitochondrial fusion and fission have been linked to a wide range of pathological conditions, such as insulin resistance and obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we provide an update on the molecular mechanisms promoting mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals and discuss the emerging association of disturbed mitochondrial dynamics with human disease.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: molecular mechanisms resulting in 21-hydroxylase deficiency

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S315-S320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Donohoue ◽  
Cornelis Van Dop ◽  
Nicholas Jospe ◽  
Claude J. Migeon
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency

Abstract 21-Hydroxylase deficiency resulting in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a HLA-linked autosomal recessive disorder that has a wide range of phenotypic expression. Two homologous 21-hydroxylase genes (21-OHA and 21-OHB) occur within the Class III region of the major histocompatibility complex, but only one (21-OHB) appears to function in adrenal steroidogenesis. Our restriction maps, and initial sequence data from White et al. (Pediatr Res 20:274A (1986)) for the two human 21-OH genes reveal a high degree of homology between these genes and a reading frame shift mutation in the 21-OHA gene respectively. Among fourteen control subjects, the intragenic restriction patterns of the 21-OHA and 21-OHB genes are invariant. The few restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) found in some controls result from polymorphic restriction sites outside the 21-OH genes. In patients with CAH, several different mechanisms for mutation of the 21-OHB gene have been described: 1) deletion of the unique sequences of the 21-OHB gene, 2) conversion of the unique sequences of the 21-OHB gene to those of 21-OHA, and 3) mutations of 21-OHB which do not result in a detectable alteration of restriction pattern (e.g., point mutations). Duplication of the 21-OHA gene has been found in some patients with attenuated CAH; however, the significance of this finding remains unclear.

scholarly journals Correlation of Metabolic Profiles of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid of High-Grade Glioma Patients

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Artem D. Rogachev ◽  
Nikolay A. Alemasov ◽  
Vladimir A. Ivanisenko ◽  
Nikita V. Ivanisenko ◽  
Evgeniy V. Gaisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
M Estimates ◽  
Metabolite Content

This work compares the metabolic profiles of plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients with high-grade (III and IV) gliomas and the conditionally healthy controls using the wide-range targeted screening of low molecular metabolites by HPLC-MS/MS. The obtained data were analyzed using robust linear regression with Huber’s M-estimates, and a number of metabolites with correlated content in plasma and CSF was identified. The statistical analysis shows a significant correlation of metabolite content in plasma and CSF samples for the majority of metabolites. Several metabolites were shown to have high correlation in the control samples, but not in the glioma patients. This can be due to the specific metabolic processes in the glioma patients or to the damaged integrity of blood-brain barrier. The results of our study may be useful for the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of gliomas, as well as for the search of potential biomarkers for the minimally invasive diagnostic procedures of gliomas.

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