scholarly journals Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetron Munang’andu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Cellular Mediated Immunity

scholarly journals Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2064-2072
Author(s):  
Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi ◽  
Ruhil Hayati Hamdan ◽  
Maizan Mohamed ◽  
Aziana Ismail ◽  
Ain Auzureen Mat Zin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Fish Samples

Background and Aim: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of Aeromonas spp., including its antibiotic resistance in various fish samples, Oreochromis spp., Clarias gariepinus, and Pangasius hypophthalmus, obtained from Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: In this study, 221 fish samples, of which 108 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=35) were from Kelantan and 113 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=40) were from Terengganu, were caught using cast nets. Then, samples from their kidneys were cultured on a Rimler Shott agar to isolate Aeromonas spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm this isolation using specific gene primers for species identification. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics using the Kirby–Bauer method, after which the PCR was conducted again to detect resistance genes: sul1, strA-strB, aadA, blaTEM, blaSHV, tetA-tetE, and tetM. Results: From the results, 61 isolates were identified as being from the genus Aeromonas using PCR, of which 28 were Aeromonas jandaei, 19 were Aeromonas veronii, seven were Aeromonas hydrophila, and seven were Aeromonas sobria. Moreover, 8, 12, and 8 of A. jandaei; 4, 3, and 12 of A. veronii; 6, 0, and 1 of A. hydrophila; and 3, 3, and 1 of A. sobria were obtained from Oreochromis spp., C. gariepinus, and P. hypophthalmus, respectively. In addition, the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by streptomycin (59.0%), each kanamycin and nalidixic acid (41.0%), neomycin (36.1%), tetracycline (19.7%), sulfamethoxazole (14.8%), and oxytetracycline (13.1%). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin both had the same percentage (9.8%), whereas isolates showed the lowest resistance to norfloxacin (8.2%) and doxycycline (1.6%). Notably, all Aeromonas isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Results also revealed that the multiple antibiotic resistances index of the isolates ranged from 0.07 to 0.64, suggesting that the farmed fish in these areas were introduced to the logged antibiotics indiscriminately and constantly during their cultivation stages. Results also revealed that the sul1 gene was detected in 19.7% of the Aeromonas isolates, whereas the tetracycline resistance genes, tetA and tetE, were detected in 27.9% and 4.9% of the isolates, respectively. However, β-lactam resistance genes, blaTEM and blaSHV, were found in 44.3% and 13.1% of Aeromonas isolates, respectively, whereas strA-strB and aadA genes were found in 3.3% and 13.1% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: This study, therefore, calls for continuous surveillance of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. in cultured freshwater fish to aid disease management and better understand their implications to public health.

scholarly journals Aeromonas veronii and Plesiomonas shigelloides (Gammaproteobacteria) isolated from Glossogobius aureus (Gobiidae) in Lake Sampaloc, Laguna, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Plesiomonas Shigelloides ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii

Bacterial infections are high-risk factors in fisheries, with reports of high mortality among diseased fish stocks posing a threat to both capture and aquaculture fisheries in inland waters. Diseases-causing bacteria in fishes may lead to decreased yield and economic loss to fishers, whose livelihood primarily depends on landed catch. Lake fisheries are most affected by such disruptive changes because of limitations in water turnover aggravated by wastewater inputs. In this study, we isolated and characterized gut bacteria from landed catch of the gobiid Glossogobius aureus from Lake Sampaloc, a small but commercially important aquaculture area in Luzon. Isolated axenic gut bacteria were identified through Gram stain reaction, microscopy, API biochemical tests, and 16s rRNA gene sequencing. From these, we identified two species with known fish pathogenicity, namely Aeromonas veronii and Plesiomonas shigelloides which are known to thrive in disrupted and nutrient-rich habitats and cause visible damage to fish health. Interestingly, our samples have shown no such visible signs of the disease. It is therefore important for future researches to determine what conservation and management practices in small inland waters like lakes will limit potential environmental stressors that may trigger susceptibility of both capture and farmed fish species to infection. Ultimately, rehabilitation of inland water aquaculture areas such as Lake Sampaloc is essential not only to fish conservation but also to public health and local food security.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from farmed rainbow trout by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
F. FADAEIFARD ◽  
M. RABIEI ◽  
M. F. SHARIFPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
Strain Pattern ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method

Lactococcosis is one of the main bacterial infections of fish around the world. Lactococcus garvieae has been a major cause of rainbow trout losses in freshwater farming. This study aimed to genotype and determine the variability of L. garvieae isolated from infected farmed rainbow trout in Iran by the RAPD-PCR method. Bacterial samples were collected from 12 farms located in the western part of Iran and suspected to carry Lactococcus infection. Two hundred bacterial cultures containing cocci shaped bacteria were cultured in Trypticase soy agar (TSA) and blood agar mediums. All bacterial cultures were tested by conventional microbiological and biochemical tests, and PCR assay to identify L. garvieae by 16S rDNA genes. The RAPD-PCR method was used to determine the genetic pattern of all isolates. The sample strain pattern of the isolates was analyzed in the NTSYS program. According to a similarity coefficient index of 70%, all L. garvieae isolates were separated into two groups with four RAPD profile types. The highest and the lowest genetic pairwise similarity among the isolates were 98% and 54%, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that RAPD-PCR is an applicable method to describe the genetic diversity of different strains of L .garvieae among farmed fish.

Intrahepatic Retention of Bile in Severe Bacterial Infections

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fahrländer ◽  
F. Huber ◽  
F. Gloor
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections

Prevotella melaninogenica Meningitis and Abscess: A Complication of the Removal of a Midline Dermoid Cyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Megan B. Garcia ◽  
Anjali N. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Dermoid Cyst ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Sinus Tract ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Dermal Sinus ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Dermal Sinus Tract

Abstract Prevotella species are gram-negative anaerobic commensal bacteria of the oropharynx, which frequently cause periodontal disease but are otherwise rarely implicated in serious bacterial infections. Cranial dermoid cysts are benign neoplasms that grow along the planes of the embryonic neural tube closure. In infants, they most commonly present in frontal locations, including periorbital, nasal, and within the anterior fontanelle. Although dermoid cysts are slow growing, usually uncomplicated, and easily treated definitively with surgical excision, cranial cysts located on the midline are associated with a higher risk for persistent dermal sinus tract with intracranial extension of the tumor. We describe a case of a 10-month-old male patient with an occipital midline dermoid cyst with intracranial extension, infected with Prevotella melaninogenica, and complicated by intracranial abscess formation and meningitis.This case highlights two unusual disease entities: the uncommon occipital location of a dermoid cyst, and complications of that cyst caused by a serious bacterial infection with a normal oral flora. We discuss the recommendation for neuroimaging prior to surgical excision of a midline dermoid cyst, given the risk for dermal sinus tract with intracranial communication. We also discuss potential mechanisms for bacterial inoculation of this cyst with Prevotella melaninogenica. This pathogen has not previously been reported as a complication of dermoid cysts.

Incidence of Aerobic Bacterial Infections in Hemodialysis Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Dr. Jaya S Dr. Jaya S ◽  
◽  
Dr. Mariraj J Dr. Mariraj J ◽  
Dr. Krishna. S Dr. Krishna. S
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients
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