scholarly journals The Food Production Environment and the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Pathogens of Animal Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjusha Lekshmi ◽  
Parvathi Ammini ◽  
Sanath Kumar ◽  
Manuel F. Varela
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Production Environment

scholarly journals Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Cristina Guerriero ◽  
Daniela Palazzetti ◽  
Paolo Lido ◽  
Alessandro Marolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
The World

Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly consumed by the Italian population and around the world. In particular, among PBDs, the vegan diet is a food pattern characterized by the exclusion of all animal-origin foods. What drives people to adopt this model are mainly ethical, health and environmental reasons. A vegan diet, if well-balanced and varied, can help in achieving and maintaining an optimal state of health. However, this nutritional approach, if not well-balanced, can cause deficiencies in proteins, ω-3 fatty acids, iron, vitamin D and calcium, zinc, iodine and, above all, vitamin B12. Oral food supplements especially fortified foods are recommended in these cases to restore the nutritional deficiencies. A vegan diet generally reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and, in addition, requires fewer natural resources for food production than an omnivorous diet. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible impact of the vegan diet on MetS onset and its treatment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Use, Residues, Resistance and Governance in the Food and Agriculture Sectors, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Elibariki R. Mwakapeje ◽  
Bachana Rubegwa ◽  
Daniel T. Gebeyehu ◽  
Solange Niyigena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Food Animals

All infections are potentially curable as long as the etiological agents are susceptible to antimicrobials. The increased rate at which antimicrobials are becoming ineffective is a global health risk of increasing concern that threatens withdrawal of beneficial antimicrobials for disease control. The increased demand for food of animal origin, in particular eggs, meat and milk has led to intensification and commercial production systems where excessive use and misuse of antimicrobials may prevail. Antimicrobials, handled and used by farmers and animal attendants with no formal education, may be predisposed to incorrect dosages, misuse, incorrect applications and non-adherence to withdrawal periods. This study was conducted to assess the regulatory roles and governance of antimicrobials, establish the pattern and extent of their use, evaluate the antimicrobial residues and resistance in the food animals and crop agriculture value chains, and relate these findings to existing strategies in place for combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Tanzania. A multimethod approach (desk review, field study and interviews) was used. Relevant establishments were also visited. High levels of resistance to penicillin G, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have been reported, especially for Actinobacter pyogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle with mastitis and in humans. Similar trends were found in poultry where eggs and meat are contaminated with Escherichia coli strains resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanate, sulphamethoxazole and neomycin. An increasing trend of emerging multidrug resistant E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella was also found in food animals. An increase in methicillin resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in the livestock sector in Tanzania have been reported. The pathogens isolated in animals were resistant to ampicillin, augmentin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, tylosin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. An increased usage of antimicrobials for prophylaxis, and therapeutics against pathogens and for growth promotion in livestock, aquaculture and crop production were observed. A One Health strategic approach is advocated to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food and agriculture sectors in Tanzania. Practical recommendations include (a) legislation review and implementation; (b) antimicrobial use (AMU), AMR and antimicrobial residue (AR) awareness and advocacy among stakeholders along the value chain; (c) strengthening of surveillance and monitoring programs for AMU, AMR and AR; (d) enhanced development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests and the promotion of biosecurity principles; and (e) good husbandry practices. The utilization of this information to improve public health policies and reduce the burden of AMR will be beneficial.

scholarly journals Air Ambulance: Antimicrobial Power of Bacterial Volatiles

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Alexander Lammers ◽  
Michael Lalk ◽  
Paolina Garbeva
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Exciting Source ◽  
Antimicrobial Volatiles ◽  
Bacterial Volatiles

We are currently facing an antimicrobial resistance crisis, which means that a lot of bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to common antibiotics. Hence, novel and innovative solutions are urgently needed to combat resistant human pathogens. A new source of antimicrobial compounds could be bacterial volatiles. Volatiles are ubiquitous produced, chemically divers and playing essential roles in intra- and interspecies interactions like communication and antimicrobial defense. In the last years, an increasing number of studies showed bioactivities of bacterial volatiles, including antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oomycete activities, indicating bacterial volatiles as an exciting source for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this review we introduce the chemical diversity of bacterial volatiles, their antimicrobial activities and methods for testing this activity. Concluding, we discuss the possibility of using antimicrobial volatiles to antagonize the antimicrobial resistance crisis.

scholarly journals Association between biocide use and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in swine production environment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Zewde ◽  
M. J. Abley ◽  
V. P. Artuso ◽  
W. Farmer ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Swine Production

Development of an antibiotic resistance monitoring system in Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva J. Kaszanyitzky ◽  
A. Tarpai ◽  
Sz. Jánosi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Central Computer

Because of the rapid development and spread of antimicrobial resistance it is important that a system be established to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic zoonotic and commensal bacteria of animal origin. Susceptibility testing of bacteria from carcasses and different samples of animal origin has been carried out in veterinary institutes for a long time but by an inconsistent methodology. The disc diffusion method proposed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) was introduced in all institutes in 1997. In order to obtain a coherent view of the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria a computer system was consulted, consisting of a central computer to store all data and some local computers attached to it through the network. At these local measuring stations computers are connected to a video camera, which displays the picture of Petri dishes on the monitor, and inhibition zone diameters of bacteria can be drawn with the mouse by the inspector. The software measures the diameters, evaluates whether or not the bacteria are sensitive, and stores the data. The evaluation is based upon the data of the NCCLS. The central computer can be connected to as many local computers with measuring stations as we wish, so it is suitable for an integrated system for monitoring trends in antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from animals, food and humans, facilitating comparison of the occurrence of resistance for each circumstance in the chain. It depends on the examiners which antibiotics they want to examine. Thirty-two different antibiotic panels were compiled, taking into consideration the active ingredients of medicinal products permitted for veterinary use in Hungary, natural resistance and cross-resistance, the mechanism of resistance and the animal species, i.e. which drugs were recommended for treatment in the given animal species, and the recommendations of the OIE Expert Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. The members of the panels can be changed any time, even during the measuring process. In addition to the inhibition zone diameters of bacteria the database also includes information about bacterial and animal species, the age of animals and the sample or organ where the bacteria are from. Since January 2001 the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Enterococcus strains isolated from the colons of slaughter cows, pigs and broiler chickens has also been examined. Each of the 19 counties of Hungary submits to the laboratory three tied colon samples from a herd of the above-mentioned animals every month.

Australian Consumers’ Knowledge and Concern for Animal Welfare in Food Production: Influences on Purchasing Intentions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia R. Cornish ◽  
Brayden Ashton ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Paul D. McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Food Production ◽  
New South ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

AbstractConsumers are increasingly concerned about nonhuman animal welfare in food production and, as their awareness continues to rise, demand for welfare-friendly products is growing. The current study explores the Australian market for welfare-friendly food of animal origin by outlining and clarifying how consumers’ welfare concerns affect their purchasing decisions. It reports the findings of an Australian face-to-face survey of consumers’ knowledge of and attitudes to farm animal welfare and their reported purchasing of welfare-friendly animal-derived products. A novel aspect of this survey was its effort to establish consumers’ understanding of welfare-friendly labels, their motivation to purchase welfare-friendly products, and the barriers to doing so. The survey was deployed in four shopping districts in New South Wales, Australia, in 2016. Data were collected from 135 respondents, and the results are discussed below.

Antimicrobial Resistance among Staphylococci of Animal Origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-157
Author(s):  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
Andrea T. Feßler ◽  
Igor Loncaric ◽  
Congming Wu ◽  
Kristina Kadlec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. of animal origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Torres ◽  
Carla Andrea Alonso ◽  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
Ricardo León-Sampedro ◽  
Rosa del Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

scholarly journals Prevalence of L. monocytogenes in environmental samples collected in dairy plants of Sassari Province, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Terrosu ◽  
Antonio Fadda ◽  
Giorgio Frongia ◽  
Antonietta Sanna ◽  
Rita Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Local Health Unit ◽  
Rapid Alert System

<em>Listeria</em> (<em>L.</em>) <em>monocytogenes</em> is frequently isolated from food production environment and often persists in dairy plants despite vigorous sanitation regimes. In recent years several alert notifications were sent to <em>Rapid Alert System for Food Products</em> system as a consequence of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> contamination of ricotta cheese. After the alert of 2012, competent authority (Local Health Unit of Sassari Province) organised an environmental monitoring plan with the partnership of the Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sardinia to verify analysis of dairy plants own-check according to Regulation (EC) N° 2073/05 and further modifications. In 2014 n. 665 processing areas samples of n. 50 dairy plants of Sassari Province were examined. UNI EN ISO 11290-1:2005 for detection of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> was used. Non-compliance in n. 5 diary plants are observed (n. 8 positive samples). Post-non-compliance environmental sanitisation was efficient and own-check plans included appropriate corrective actions.

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