scholarly journals Spectral and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogens Isolated from Saudi Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Samiah Hamad S Al-Mijalli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a significant health issue and a common complication among patients with diabetes. To develop antibiotic therapy for these high-risk patients, the current study evaluates the scope of DFIs and identifies the causing microbes. It also measures spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens isolated from adults with DFIs in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, a cross-sectional study was implemented and the baseline characteristics for 44 patients with DFIs were defined. Optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbiological techniques were utilized to culture specimens isolated from infected foot ulcers. The standard microbiological methods were employed to identify the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted following the procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results showed that 12 microorganisms were isolated from the participants’ diabetic foot ulcers. Staphylococcus Aureus was ranked first because it appeared in 29 (65.9%) cases. Streptococcus Agalactiae was ranked second and multi-microbial infections were also found. Most of the organisms were susceptible to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefalexin, but they were resistant to Methicillin, Gentamicin, and Ampicillin antibiotics. Staphylococcus Aureus was most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, while it was resistant to Methicillin. About 10% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. The study concludes that while Vancomycin should be used empirically for Gram-positive isolates, Ciprofloxacin can be taken into consideration for most of the Gram-negatives aerobes. Based on including various microorganisms and the advent of multidrug-resistant strains, proper culture and sensitivity testing are necessary prior to the empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Microorganisms Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infections in Nemazee Hospital, Southern Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Anvarinejad ◽  
Gholamreza Pouladfar ◽  
Aziz Japoni ◽  
Shahram Bolandparvaz ◽  
Zeinab Satiary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Background. Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a major public health issue and identification of the microorganisms causing such polymicrobial infections is useful to find out appropriate antibiotic therapy. Meanwhile, many reports have shown antibiotic resistance rising dramatically. In the present study, we sought to determine the prevalence of microorganisms detected on culture in complicated DFIs in hospitalized patients and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 24 months from 2012 to 2014 in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. The demographic and clinical features of the patients were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to different agents was carried out using the disc diffusion method.Results. During this period, 122 aerobic microorganisms were isolated from DFIs. Among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,Staphylococcusspp. andE. coliwere the most frequent organisms isolated, respectively. Of the isolates, 91% were multidrug while 78% ofS. aureusisolates were methicillin resistant. 53% of Gram-negative bacteria were positive for extended-spectrumβ-lactamase.Conclusion. Given the involvement of different microorganisms and emergence of multidrug resistant strains, clinicians are advised to consider culture before initiation of empirical therapy.

scholarly journals DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
AYAZ GUL ◽  
JAVID IQBAL ◽  
ZIA UDDIN AFRIDI
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Study Results

Objective: The objective of this study is to know the frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibioticsensitivity in diabetic foot infections in our setup. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Surgical Department, Khyber TeachingHospital, Peshawar. Period: January 2008 to January 2010. Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients, including 64 males and 20 females.Patient's identity, age, gender and the bacterial isolate on culture and sensitivity report were noted on a standardized proforma and analyzed onSPSS version 16.0. Patients of 18 years and both gender with type I & II Diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcers of Wagner Classification SystemGrade 1 to 5 of 3 weeks duration, with infection and with no evidence of healing were enrolled in the study. Results: The overall mean age ofpatients was 60.8 years + 6.5SD with 9.2 + 0.5% HbA1c level. Frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 28.57%. Methicillinsensitive Staphylococcal aureus (51.19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (48.80%) and Escherichia coli (46.42%) were the common organismcultured. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomicin, Linezolid, Meropenem, Imepenem andPipracillin/tazobactam. Conclusions: There is an alarming trend of increase in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus because ofindiscriminate use of antibiotics in our set up which should be discouraged and a detailed knowledge of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobialagents is necessary.

scholarly journals A clinical study of commonly isolated organism and its antibiotic sensitivity in diabetic foot ulcers in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2512
Author(s):  
Anand Shanmugaiah ◽  
Saravanan Pandian ◽  
Sudha Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the major surgical problem leading to hospital admission. Diabetic foot ulcer patients with uncontrolled diabetes may end up in forefoot amputation. Early aggressive debridement, control of blood sugar and empirical antibiotic therapy would reduce the morbidities in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Further the knowledge of commonly isolated microbes and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern would be helpful to start empirical therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) and assess the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative agents.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 115 patients admitted with diabetic foot ulcer over a period of 9 months from October 2015 to June 2016 at the department of general surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry. Tissue scrapping samples were collected and processed as per standard guidelines.Results: 167 organisms were isolated from 115 patients. 52% of culture showed polymicrobial growth. There was increased prevalence of gram-negative organisms 53% compared to gram positive organisms 47%. When comes to individual isolate, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated 24.6% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21%. All gram-positive aerobes were sensitive to vancomycin and gram-negative isolates were sensitive to amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactum, gentamycin and cefotaxime.Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas were the common pathogens isolated. This study recommends use of vancomycin along with piperacillin-tazobactum as an empirical therapy along with adequate blood sugar control and early debridement of devitalized tissues in patients with diabetic foot infections.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis from a Diabetic Foot Ulcer

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Hale ◽  
Emily Vicks ◽  
Mary T. LaSalvia ◽  
John M. Giurini ◽  
Adolf W. Karchmer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Diabetic foot infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and successful treatment often requires an aggressive and prolonged approach. Recent work has elucidated the importance of appropriate therapy for a given severity of diabetic foot infection, and highlighted the ongoing risk such patients have for subsequent invasive life-threatening infection should diabetic foot ulcers fail to heal. The authors describe the case of a man with diabetes who had prolonged, delayed healing of a diabetic foot ulcer. The ulcer subsequently became infected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The infection was treated conservatively with oral therapy and minimal debridement. Several months later, he experienced MRSA bloodstream infection and complicating endocarditis. The case highlights the ongoing risk faced by patients when diabetic foot ulcers do not heal promptly, and emphasizes the need for aggressive therapy to promote rapid healing and eradication of MRSA.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Honey against Methicillin-Resistant and Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Arezou Mirzaei ◽  
Kolsoom Shirzadi Karamolah ◽  
Mina Pourmbarak Mahnaie ◽  
Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Parisa Mehrabi Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is the most important causative agent of wound infections, including diabetic foot ulcers. Honey is a very useful nutrient with antimicrobial properties and other biological properties such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties. The aim was to examine the antibacterial activity of honey against methicillin-resistant and sensitive S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from January 2019 to December 2019. Twenty S. aureus isolates were collected from patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Different concentrations (100%, 70%, 50%, 25% vol/vol) of honey were studied. Dilutions of honey solutions were examined to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. aureus. MICs were determined by spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. Results: All strains showed sensitivity to honey with MIC equal to 25% (vol/vol). The MIC (%) values of honey for all studied S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) isolates ranged between 18-100% (v/v). Conclusion: Honey with confirmed, antibacterial activity has the potential to be an efficient treatment complementary for diabetic foot ulcers infected or at risk of infection with S. aureus.

scholarly journals Commonly Occurring Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Infections and their Sensitivity to various Antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Muneeb -ullah ◽  
Awais Saeed Abbasi ◽  
Seemab Niaz ◽  
Wajiha Mahjbeen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background: Diabetic foot infections are a common cause of morbidity in type 1 & 2 Diabetes mellitus. The selection of appropriate empirical treatment is thus essential while treating such patients. The main objective of this study was to find out most prevalent bacteria and their sensitivity to various antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot infections.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from January 2017 to December 2017. A total 118 patients were included through consecutive sampling technique. Samples were collected in the form of swab, pus or tissue material and were cultured on blood agar and microorganisms were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity was also checked. StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze data.Results: Out of 118 patients, 72% (n=85) were males while 28% (n=33) were females. Cultures of 105 patients were positive and most common organisms isolated were S. aureus (32.4%; n=34), E. coli (17.1%; n=18), P. aeruginosa (14.3%; n=15), Polymicrobials (14.3%; n=15) and K. pneumoniae (7.6%; n=8). Antibiotics to which organisms were most sensitive included Piperacillin/Tazobactam (69.5%; n=73), Imipenem (55.2%; n=58), Amikacin (43.8%; n=46), Vancomycin (40%; n=42) and Levofloxacin (38.1%; n=40).Conclusion: Most common organisms causing diabetic foot infections in our study were S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Polymicrobial and Klebsiella. Overall most sensitive antibiotics to these organisms included Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem,Amikacin, Vancomycin and Levofloxacin.

scholarly journals Frequency of Most Prevalent Bacteria in Wound of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2223-2225
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Najam Iqbal ◽  
Ghulam Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Abbas ◽  
Hafiz Jawad Abdul Raheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Most of the diabetic patients present as diabetic foot in surgical outdoor and emergency department. Diabetic Foot infections are common and take long duration to be treated. Both Gram positive and Gram negative aerobic bacteria are involved in diabetic foot infection. Aim: To determine the frequency of most prevalent bacteria in wound of diabetic foot ulcers and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers so that an empirical antibiotics can be started before the report of culture and sensitivity. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in surgical unit 1 of Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH) Bahawalpur from 01-08-2020 to 31-07-2021. This study was conducted on 145 patients with diabetic foot ulcer from outdoor and emergency department of BVH. Data about patient’s demography, duration of diabetes, duration of DFUs, type of pathogen and its antibiotic susceptibility was entered on a proforma. Pus sample was obtained from wound under aseptic measures. Culture sensitivity to assess presence of type of pathogen and its antibiotic susceptibility of all the samples was done from the pathology department of the hospital. Results: The mean age of patients was 52.02±10.14 years. There were 77(53.1%) males and 68(46.9%) females. The foot ulcer’s mean duration was 3.81±1.43 months. There were 15(10.3%) patients with St. aureus, 12(8.3%) with E.coli, 12(8.3%) with Proteus mirabilis, 15(10.3%) with P. aeruginosa, 12(8.3%) with Enterobacter spp., 9(6.2%) with Morganella spp., 19(13.1%) with P. vulgaris, 18(12.4%) with P. Mirabilis, 16(11%) with K. pneumonia and 17(11.75) with Morganella pathogen in this study. There were 74(51%) patients sensitive to Amikacin, 73(50.3%) sensitive to Amoxicillin, 66(45.5%) sensitive to Aztreonam, 74(51%) sensitive to Ceftriaxone, 75(51.7%) sensitive to Cefuroxime and 68(49.6%) sensitive to Cephazolin. Conclusion: The most frequent organisms in DFUs, regardless of age, gender and comorbidity, were P. vulgaris, St. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The most sensitive antibiotic in these ulcers was Piperacillin and Meropenem and the most resistant was Cephazolin. Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, St. aureus, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, Piperacillin

scholarly journals Emergence of Highly Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Infections Admitted to Public Hospitals in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sepide Namdari ◽  
Ali Farhadi ◽  
Aida Khademalhoseini ◽  
Abbas Behzad-Behbahani ◽  
Afsaneh Moaddeb
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms causing infections is increasing worldwide and becoming more serious in developing countries. Among those, Acinetobacter species are becoming prominent. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of antimicrobial resistance of the bacteria causing infections, Acinetobacter species in particular, in local public hospitals in Firuzabad, Fars province, Iran. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on different clinical specimens collected from patients who were suspected of infections hospitalized from March 2016 to March 2019 in local hospitals of Firuzabad, Fars province, Iran. The bacterial isolates were identified following standard microbiological methods. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were used to identify the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. Results. Overall, 1778 bacterial etiologies were isolated from 1533 patients diagnosed with infection. Of these, 1401 (78.8%) were Gram-negative and the remaining were Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella spp. (13.9%), and Acinetobacter species (10.4%) were the most common isolated bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity testing in this study showed a high resistance rate of Acinetobacter species to all antibiotics tested except Colistin. During the study period, the rate of infection with highly multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species increased from 7.2% to 13.3%. Conclusions. This study highlights the emergence of MDR bacterial agents such as Acinetobacter species as a new threat in our region. However, a decrease in the rate of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was noticeable.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Accra, Ghana

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Ramzy B. Anafo ◽  
Yacoba Atiase ◽  
Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie ◽  
Fleischer C. N. Kotey ◽  
Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Aim: This study investigated the spectrum of bacteria infecting the ulcers of individuals with diabetes at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with respect to their prevalence, factors predisposing to their infection of the ulcers, and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at The Ulcer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, involving 100 diabetic foot ulcer patients. The ulcer of each study participant was swabbed and cultured bacteriologically, following standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for all S. aureus isolated, using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: In total, 96% of the participants had their ulcers infected—32.3% (n = 31) of these had their ulcers infected with one bacterium, 47.9% (n = 46) with two bacteria, 18.8% (n = 18) with three bacteria, and 1.0% (n = 1) with four bacteria. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA were 19% and 6%, respectively. The distribution of the other bacteria was as follows: coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (54%), Escherichia coli (24%), Pseudomonas spp. (19%), Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morgana (12% each), Klebsiella oxytoca (11%), Proteus vulgaris (8%), Enterococcus spp. (6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp. (4%), Klebsiella spp. (2%), and Streptococcus spp. (1%). The resistance rates of S. aureus decreased across penicillin (100%, n = 19), tetracycline (47.4%, n = 9), cotrimoxazole (42.1%, n = 8), cefoxitin (31.6%, n = 6), erythromycin and clindamycin (26.3% each, n = 5), norfloxacin and gentamicin (15.8% each, n = 3), rifampicin (10.5%, n = 2), linezolid (5.3%, n = 1), and fusidic acid (0.0%, n = 0). The proportion of multidrug resistance was 47.4% (n = 9). Except for foot ulcer infection with coagulase-negative Staphylococci, which was protective of S. aureus infection of the ulcers (OR = 0.029, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.004–0.231), no predictor of S. aureus, MRSA, or polymicrobial ulcer infection was identified. Conclusions: The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA infection of the diabetic foot ulcers were high, but lower than those of the predominant infector, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and the next highest infecting agent, E. coli. Diabetic foot ulcers’ infection with coagulase-negative Staphylococci protected against their infection with S. aureus. The prevalence of multidrug resistance was high, highlighting the need to further intensify antimicrobial stewardship programmes.

scholarly journals How Do Preoperative Antibiotics Affect Culture Yield in Diabetic Foot Infections?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Young ◽  
Whitney Miller ◽  
Randy Burnham ◽  
Susan Heard ◽  
Chrystal Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Preoperative Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Culture Yield

abstractThe impact of preoperative antibiotics on culture of diabetic foot infection samples has not been studied. We found that increasing exposure to preoperative antibiotics was associated with less frequent growth of streptococci and anaerobes and more culture-negative results. In contrast, the yield of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli was unaffected.

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