scholarly journals Recent Progress in Flexible Organic Thermoelectrics

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Culebras ◽  
Kyungwho Choi ◽  
Chungyeon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Issues

Environmental energy issues caused by the burning of fossil fuel such as coal, and petroleum, and the limited resources along with the increasing world population pose a world-wide challenge. Alternative energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy, have been suggested as practical and affordable solutions to future energy needs. Among energy conversion technologies, thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered one of the most potential candidates to play a crucial role in addressing today’s global energy issues. TE materials can convert waste heat such as the sun, automotive exhaust, and industrial processes to a useful electrical voltage with no moving parts, no hazardous working chemical-fluids, low maintenance costs, and high reliability. These advantages of TE conversion provide solutions to solve the energy crisis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on organic TE materials, focused on polymers and their corresponding organic composites incorporated with carbon nanofillers (including graphene and carbon nanotubes). Various strategies to enhance the TE properties, such as electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, in polymers and polymer composites will be highlighted. Then, a discussion on polymer composite based TE devices is summarized. Finally, brief conclusions and outlooks for future research efforts are presented.

Use of alternative energy sources in protected agriculture

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pasternak ◽  
E. Rappeport
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Water Curtain ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

Low temperature energy sources for protected cropping include geothermal waters, waste heat from Industry, and trapped sunshine; application depends on the recovery of heat from circulating warmed water, either via the soil in which the plants are growing or via the air in the greenhouse. Soil warming pipes and ‘water-curtain’ systems of space-heating have shown promise, but heat storage, either for short periods or longer, remains a problem common to all such schemes.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-ethanol from Solid Waste Paper Using Biological Activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynu Shamil Awol ◽  
Rezika Tofike Abate
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Office Paper

Abstract Biomass energy is renewable energy source that comes from the material of plants and animals. Forms of biomass energy are bio-ethanol, bio methanol, and biodiesel. Bio-ethanol is one of the most important alternative energy sources that substitute the fossil fuels. The focus of this research is to produce bio-ethanol from waste office paper. Five laboratory experiments were conducted to produce bio-ethanol from wastepaper. The wastepaper was dried in oven and cut in to pieces. Then it passed through dilute acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation process respectively. High amount of ethanol was observed at 20 ml/g (liquid to solid ratio) and at the time of 2hr. Cost and economic analysis for ethanol production from wastepaper was performed. Results from the analysis indicated a paper to ethanol plant was feasible from the economic point of view with rate of return (RR) 38.61% and the payback period of 2.2 years.

scholarly journals An Optimized Methodology for a Hybrid Photo-Voltaic and Energy Storage System Connected to a Low-Voltage Grid

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvar Hussain Nengroo ◽  
Muhammad Umair Ali ◽  
Amad Zafar ◽  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Tahir Murtaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs

The growing human population and the increasing energy needs have produced a serious energy crisis, which has stimulated researchers to look for alternative energy sources. The diffusion of small-scale renewable distributed generations (DG) with micro-grids can be a promising solution to meet the environmental obligations. The uncertainty and sporadic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) is the main obstacle to their use as autonomous energy sources. In order to overcome this, a storage system is required. This paper proposes an optimized strategy for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) connected to a low-voltage grid. In this study, a cost function is formulated to minimize the net cost of electricity purchased from the grid. The charging and discharging of the battery are operated optimally to minimize the defined cost function. Half-hourly electricity consumer load data and solar irradiance data collected from the United Kingdom (UK) for a whole year are utilized in the proposed methodology. Five cases are discussed for a comparative cost analysis of the electricity imported and exported. The proposed scheme provides a techno-economic analysis of the combination of a BSS with a low-voltage grid, benefitting from the feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme.

Harnessing Nigeria’s abundant solar energy potential using the DESERTEC model

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udochukwu B. Akuru ◽  
Ogbonnaya I. Okoro ◽  
Chibuike F. Maduko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Fact Finding

The DESERTEC project, a European Union (EU) initiative to harness solar energy by means of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) from Africa for use in Europe, shows the enormous potential that exists in alternative energy sources for the sub-region once there is political will. The Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Corporation (TREC), a network of scientists and politicians who have taken it upon themselves to solve Europe’s energy problem using sun from Africa, conducted three studies which evaluated the potential of renewable energy resources in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the expected needs for water and power in EU-MENA between now and 2050 and issues relating to the construction of an electricity transmission grid connecting the EU and MENA (EU-MENA-Connection), with a formula to turn the North African desert sun into electricity and transport same to Europe. This paper harnesses the TREC fact-finding studies in order to estimate how much the same ideas can be applied in many other parts of the world, Nigeria in particular. Investigation reveals that this association exists with huge potentials for an energy-starved country like Nigeria in harnessing her abundant hot sun in the north, which could go a long way in meeting the energy needs in that part of the country and beyond. Other benefits include unlimited supplies of clean electricity, agricultural gains, and creation of new industries, new jobs and new sources of income.

scholarly journals A short look at microbial producers of biobutanol: New trends, potentialities and limitations

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Dorota Kregiel
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Microbial Strains

Nowadays, the energy crisis, climate change and greenhouse effect have created a strong demand for the development of alternative energy sources. Researchers have made an attempt to produce biobutanol from various second-generation feedstocks with new microbial strains and new technologies. This paper presents the recent progress on efficient butanol production using various biomass sources and "designed" microorganisms. The advances in the butanol fermentation process, such as the use of numerous waste materials, improved strains and co-cultivation of mixed microbial populations are of particular interest in this review.

scholarly journals Optimal Utilization Of Alternative Energy Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane J. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optimum Utilization

Many areas of the world today have access to alternative energy sources to meet their energy needs. A fundamental problem facing societies today is to determine the optimum utilization of energy sources. This paper analyzes the issues involving co-utilization of different types of energy production in Iceland. Formulating a dynamic social optimization problem, expressions are derived for optimal energy supply prices from each energy source. Based on the economic characteristics of the energy sources, an optimal solution is derived that involves both periods of specialization in a single energy source as well as periods of simultaneous co-utilization of available sources.

APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN HOSPITALITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlin Pavlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The Cost

Renewable energy sources provide a perspective for reducing the harmful effects on the environment. They also help to reduce the cost of meeting energy needs after the return on investment in alternative energy. The tourism sector and in particular the hotel business use significant amounts of energy resources. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to present the nature of RES and the ways of application in the hotel industry. Barriers and opportunities for overcoming them are outlined. Some good practices of using alternative energy sources in the hotel business are presented.

scholarly journals Effects of Y, GdCu, and Al Addition on the Thermoelectric Behavior of CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Dong ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Mengdi Zhang ◽  
Peter Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Future

Thermoelectric (TE) materials can interconvert waste heat into electricity, which will become alternative energy sources in the future. The high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as a new class of materials are well-known for some excellent properties, such as high friction toughness, excellent fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. Here, we present a series of HEAs to be potential candidates for the thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric properties of YxCoCrFeNi, GdxCoCrFeNiCu, and annealed Al0.3CoCrFeNi were investigated. The effects of grain size and formation of the second phase on thermoelectric properties were revealed. In HEAs, we can reduce the thermal conductivity by controlling the phonon scattering due to the considerable complexity of the alloys. The Y, Gd-doped HEAs are competitive candidate thermoelectric materials for energy conversion in the future.

Abiogenic and Biogenic Petroleum Origin: A Common Theory for Geological Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Irina Volkova ◽  
Dmitry Gura ◽  
Ilia Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Petroleum Origin ◽  
New Ideas

Biogenic and abiogenic origins of petroleum are a pertinent problem today, which have been examined in this article including the current state of theories and experimental facts. The paper provides an overview of works on this subject over the past decade. As analysis of scientific research efforts, majority of scientists suggest that petroleum is organic in origin. The second theory also includes reliable facts and hypotheses about the existence of abiogenic hydrocarbons. This origin is associated with tectonic geological processes, in particular, orogenesis, rifting, excessive releases, erosion, sediment deposition, deep gas releases, etc. The results of experimental studies, the existing concepts presented in this review, show that despite disagreements between the proponents of both theories, common beliefs remain prevalent, namely, about the process of hydrocarbons formation both on Earth and other objects of the solar system. The analysis concludes that the consolidation of these theories is of high scientific interest and has great potential for confirmation of numerous hypotheses, facts from the scientific point of view and the search for alternative energy sources due to environmental and economic issues associated with the impoverishment of natural resources. This review study is valuable for generalising various scientific theories, which can be used for future research efforts and modelling new ideas about the origin of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BATUBARA FORMASI WARUKIN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN CBM DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Denny Suwanda Djohor ◽  
Harry Pramudito
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Observation Site ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
Surface Geology

Increasing world oil prices have a huge impact on national energy needs. Indonesia's economic growth requires the development of alternative energy sources based on 10 basin assessments in Indonesia, coal methane gas potential is estimated to reach 337 TCF of gas in place (Advanced Resources International, inc). The research location is located in the Basin of Asam-Asam,South Kalimantan. Targeted research on the Miocene Warukin Formation. The data used to evaluate Coal Methane Gas potential include surface geology data and coal sample analysis, as well as characteristics of regional anomaly bouger for South Kalimantan. The development of cleats and fractures in coal at the observation site can be classified into high-intensity vitamite-rich coal categories. Coal Warukin Formation has an average Rv value = 0.56% with standard deviation 0.02%. and is ranked in sub-bituminous coal rank. While for other Warukin Formation coal has an average Rv value = 0.58% and entered in rank (bit) bituminous coal with type of methane gas is the type of bio & thermogenic gas mixture. When viewed from the thick layer of coal and gas type, the Warukin Formation coal in the location of research is quite interesting when included in the coal resources of economical coal methane gas.

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