scholarly journals Superhydrophobic Water-Solid Contact Triboelectric Generator by Simple Spray-On Fabrication Method

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon Chung ◽  
Deokjae Heo ◽  
Banseok Kim ◽  
Sangmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Surface Contact Angle ◽  
Complicated Surface ◽  
3D Surfaces ◽  
Triboelectric Generator

Energy harvesting is a method of converting energy from ambient environment into useful electrical energy. Due to the increasing number of sensors and personal electronics, energy harvesting technologies from various sources are gaining attention. Among energy-harvesting technologies, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was introduced as a device that can effectively generate electricity from mechanical motions by contact-electrification. Particularly, liquid-solid contact TENGs, which use the liquid itself as a triboelectric material, can overcome the inevitable friction wear between two solid materials. Using a commercial aerosol hydrophobic spray, liquid-solid contact TENGs, with a superhydrophobic surface (contact angle over 160°) can be easily fabricated with only a few coating processes. To optimize the fabrication process, the open-circuit voltage of sprayed superhydrophobic surfaces was measured depending on the number of coating processes. To demonstrate the simple fabrication and applicability of this technique on random 3D surfaces, a liquid-solid contact TENG was fabricated on the brim of a cap (its complicated surface structure is due to the knitted strings). This simple sprayed-on superhydrophobic surface can be a possible solution for liquid-solid contact TENGs to be mass produced and commercialized in the future.

scholarly journals An Optimized Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Low Cut-In Wind Speed

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Yun Tian ◽  
Lanbin Zhang ◽  
Zhihao Ma ◽  
Huliang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Vibration Behavior ◽  
Air Speed

We present an optimized flutter-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wind energy harvesting. The vibration and power generation characteristics of this TENG are investigated in detail, and a low cut-in wind speed of 3.4 m/s is achieved. It is found that the air speed, the thickness and length of the membrane, and the distance between the electrode plates mainly determine the PTFE membrane’s vibration behavior and the performance of TENG. With the optimized value of the thickness and length of the membrane and the distance of the electrode plates, the peak open-circuit voltage and output power of TENG reach 297 V and 0.46 mW at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The energy generated by TENG can directly light up dozens of LEDs and keep a digital watch running continuously by charging a capacitor of 100 μF at a wind speed of 8 m/s.

scholarly journals Novel Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator based on Metallized Porous PDMS and Parylene C

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Mariello ◽  
Elisa Scarpa ◽  
Luciana Algieri ◽  
Francesco Guido ◽  
Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Density Peak ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Parylene C ◽  
Pdms Surface ◽  
Wide Range

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have recently become a powerful technology for energy harvesting and self-powered sensor networks. One of their main advantages is the possibility to employ a wide range of materials, especially for fabricating inexpensive and easy-to-use devices. This paper reports the fabrication and preliminary characterization of a novel flexible triboelectric nanogenerator which could be employed for driving future low power consumption wearable devices. The proposed TENG is a single-electrode device operating in contact-separation mode for applications in low-frequency energy harvesting from intermittent tapping loads involving the human body, such as finger or hand tapping. The novelty of the device lies in the choice of materials: it is based on a combination of a polysiloxane elastomer and a poly (para-xylylene). In particular, the TENG is composed, sequentially, of a poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate which was made porous and rough with a steam-curing step; then, a metallization layer with titanium and gold, deposited on the PDMS surface with an optimal substrate–electrode adhesion. Finally, the metallized structure was coated with a thin film of parylene C serving as friction layer. This material provides excellent conformability and high charge-retaining capability, playing a crucial role in the triboelectric process; it also makes the device suitable for employment in harsh, wet environments owing to its inertness and barrier properties. Preliminary performance tests were conducted by measuring the open-circuit voltage and power density under finger tapping (~2 N) at ~5 Hz. The device exhibited a peak-to-peak voltage of 1.6 V and power density peak of 2.24 mW/m2 at ~0.4 MΩ. The proposed TENG demonstrated ease of process, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility.

Energy Harvesting Characteristics of Conical Shells

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
S. D. Hu ◽  
H. S. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Conical Shell ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Circular Membrane ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has experienced significant growth over the past few years. Various harvesting structures have been proposed to convert ambient vibration energies to electrical energy. However, these harvester’s base structures are mostly beams and some plates. Shells have great potential to harvest more energy. This study aims to evaluate a piezoelectric coupled conical shell based energy harvester system. Piezoelectric patches are laminated on the conical shell surface to convert vibration energy to electric energy. An open-circuit output voltage of the conical energy harvester is derived based on the thin-shell theory and the Donnel-Mushtari-Valsov theory. The open-circuit voltage and its derived energy consists of four components respectively resulting from the meridional and circular membrane strains, as well as the meridional and circular bending strains. Reducing the surface of the harvester to infinite small gives the spatial energy distribution on the shell surface. Then, the distributed modal energy harvesting characteristics of the proposed PVDF/conical shell harvester are evaluated in case studies. The results show that, for each mode with unit modal amplitude, the distribution depends on the mode shape, harvester location, and geometric parameters. The regions with high strain outputs yield higher modal energies. Accordingly, optimal locations for the PVDF harvester can be defined. Also, when modal amplitudes are specified, the overall energy of the conical shell harvester can be calculated.

Manufacture and Experimental Investigation of a Multi-Layer Generator Based on Dielectric Elastomer

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1336-1341
Author(s):  
Xue Jing Liu ◽  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Yong Quan Wang ◽  
Shu Hai Jia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Open Circuit Condition ◽  
Constant Charge

As a member of Electroactive Polymers (EAPs), dielectric elastomer (DE) has shown considerable potential for energy harvesting applications. After the basic principle of DE energy harvesting is studied, a multi-layer DE generator using VHB 4910 (3M, USA) is specially designed and fabricated. Then, an improved energy harvesting circuit is designed to make use of harvested electrical energy. Finally, energy harvesting experiments are implemented under the constant charge (open-circuit) condition and the results prove that the multi-layer DE generator fabricated can produce enough energy to constantly drive a light emitting diode. The harvested electrical energy has good consistent with generated electrical energy and the maximum energy harvesting efficiency ηh can reach 89%.

Evaluation of Ring-Type Energy Harvesters

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Hu ◽  
H. Li ◽  
H. S. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Layer ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Segment Size

Piezoelectric materials can be used as electromechanical conversion mechanisms to transfer ambient vibration into electrical energy to power electronic devices. In this study, an elastic ring laminated with a piezoelectric layer on the inner surface is utilized as the basic structure for energy harvesting. The piezoelectric layer is uniformly segmented into several energy harvesting patches for practical applications. The generated electrical energy resulting from modal voltages is analyzed under the open-circuit condition. Two modal energy generations are evaluated: one is the energy induced by the membrane oscillation and the other is the energy induced by the bending oscillation. For practical design applications, energy generations are evaluated with respect to ring radius, piezoelectric layer thickness, ring thickness and segment size. The maximal energy of all harvester patches on the ring is calculated to determine the optimal patch locations with respect to various ring modes. By summing up energies generated from all harvesters on the ring, the overall energy is also evaluated Based on the normalizations and assumptions of parameters, results indicate that the larger the segment size is, the less the energy can be generated.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Honeycomb-Structured Electret/Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Biomechanical and Morphing Wing Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Tao ◽  
Zhensheng Chen ◽  
Haiping Yi ◽  
Ruirong Zhang ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wavy Surface ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Power Sources

AbstractFlexible, compact, lightweight and sustainable power sources are indispensable for modern wearable and personal electronics and small-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Hierarchical honeycomb has the unique merits of compact mesostructures, excellent energy absorption properties and considerable weight to strength ratios. Herein, a honeycomb-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (h-TENG) is proposed for biomechanical and UAV morphing wing energy harvesting based on contact triboelectrification wavy surface of cellular honeycomb structure. The wavy surface comprises a multilayered thin film structure (combining polyethylene terephthalate, silver nanowires and fluorinated ethylene propylene) fabricated through high-temperature thermoplastic molding and wafer-level bonding process. With superior synchronization of large amounts of energy generation units with honeycomb cells, the manufactured h-TENG prototype produces the maximum instantaneous open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and output power of 1207 V, 68.5 μA and 12.4 mW, respectively, corresponding to a remarkable peak power density of 0.275 mW cm−3 (or 2.48 mW g−1) under hand pressing excitations. Attributed to the excellent elastic property of self-rebounding honeycomb structure, the flexible and transparent h-TENG can be easily pressed, bent and integrated into shoes for real-time insole plantar pressure mapping. The lightweight and compact h-TENG is further installed into a morphing wing of small UAVs for efficiently converting the flapping energy of ailerons into electricity for the first time. This research demonstrates this new conceptualizing single h-TENG device's versatility and viability for broad-range real-world application scenarios.

scholarly journals Microstereolithography of Three-Dimensional Polymeric Springs for Vibration Energy Harvesting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Baker ◽  
Timothy Reissman ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Kevin Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Spring Element ◽  
Constant Pitch

The inefficiency in converting low frequency vibration (6~240 Hz) to electrical energy remains a key issue for miniaturized vibration energy harvesting devices. To address this subject, this paper reports on the novel, three-dimensional micro-fabrication of spring elements within such devices, in order to achieve resonances and maximum energy conversion within these common frequencies. The process, known as projection microstereolithography, is exploited to fabricate polymer-based springs direct from computer-aided designs using digital masks and ultraviolet-curable resins. Using this process, a micro-spring structure is fabricated consisting of a two-by-two array of three-dimensional, constant-pitch helical coils made from 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. Integrating the spring structure into an electromagnetic device, with a magnetic load mass of 1.236 grams, the resonance is measured at 61 Hz, which is within 2% of the theoretical model. The device provides a maximum normalized power output of 9.14 μW/G (G=9.81 ms−2) and an open circuit normalized voltage output of 621 mV/G. To the best of the authors knowledge, notable features of this work include the lowest Young’s modulus (530 MPa), density (1.011 g/cm3), and “largest feature size” (3.4 mm) for a spring element in a vibration energy harvesting device with sub-100 Hz resonance.

scholarly journals Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1394-1401
Author(s):  
Liangyi Zhang ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Yiyuan Xie ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Recently, there has been growing interest in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that can effectively convert various forms of mechanical energy input into electrical energy. In the present study, a novel Teflon/vitamin B1 powder based triboelectric nanogenerator (TVB-TENG) is proposed. Paper is utilized as a supporting platform for triboelectrification between a commercial Teflon tape and vitamin B1 powder. The measured open-circuit voltage was approximately 340 V. The TVB-TENG can be applied as a humidity sensor and exhibits a linear and reversible response to the relative humidity of the environment. Moreover, the change in relative humidity is also indicated by the change in luminosity of a set of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) integrated in the TVB-TENG system. The TVB-TENG proposed in this study illustrates a cost-effective method for portable power supply and sensing devices.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Triboelectric Nanogenerator Output by Micro Plasma Generation in a Micro-Cracked Surface Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4262
Author(s):  
Jinhyoung Park ◽  
Hanchul Cho ◽  
Yong-Seok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Output Line ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Triboelectric Generator

Energy harvesting, especially for powering low-power internet-of-things (IoT) devices, is gaining attention in recent years. Triboelectric nanogenerators have been studied to improve the output by applying a structure that can concentrate electrons on the surface of the generator materials. For enhancing the triboelectrification output, we herein focused on the power output line. A method for increasing the amount of electrons on the power lead by potential difference and their acceleration was studied. A rod was shaken by external vibrations; the accumulated charges were discharged in a manner similar to that of a lightning rod. Micro plasma was generated when the rod made contact with the mating micro-cracked surface innumerable times. The micro-cracked surface was fabricated with a diamond tip moving horizontally to the surface. As the resistance of the micro plasma was close to zero, the amount of electron movement was instantaneously accelerated. This type of triboelectric generator can be fabricated in the form of an electric box. By using this triboelectric power amplifier, voltage can be amplified 2 to 3 times, and the current can be amplified 10 to 15 times; thus, enhanced energy harvesting efficiency is attained.

scholarly journals Recent advances in ocean wave energy harvesting by triboelectric nanogenerator: An overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 716-735
Author(s):  
Bin Huang ◽  
Pengzhong Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Dazhuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Water Wave ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
And Performance

AbstractA sustainable power source is more and more important in modern society. Ocean wave energy is a very promising renewable energy source, and it is widely distributed worldwide. But, it is difficult to develop efficiently due to various limitations of the traditional electromagnetic generator. In recent years, the newly developed triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides an excellent way to convert water wave energy into electrical energy, which is mainly based on the coupling between triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. In this paper, a review is given for recent advances in using the TENG technology harvesting water wave energy. We first introduce the four most fundamental modes of TENG, based on which a range of wave energy harvesting devices have been demonstrated. Then, these applications’ structure and performance optimizations are discussed. Besides, the connection methods between TENG units are also summarized. Finally, it also outlines the development prospects and challenges of technology.

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