scholarly journals Electrically Tunable Lens (ETL)-Based Variable Focus Imaging System for Parametric Surface Texture Analysis of Materials

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jorabar Singh Nirwan ◽  
Shan Lou ◽  
Saqib Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Nauman ◽  
Tariq Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Surface Texture Analysis

Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are those with the ability to alter their optical power in response to an electric signal. This feature allows such systems to not only image the areas of interest but also obtain spatial depth perception (depth of field, DOF). The aim of the present study was to develop an ETL-based imaging system for quantitative surface analysis. Firstly, the system was calibrated to achieve high depth resolution, warranting the accurate measurement of the depth and to account for and correct any influences from external factors on the ETL. This was completed using the Tenengrad operator which effectively identified the plane of best focus as demonstrated by the linear relationship between the control current applied to the ETL and the height at which the optical system focuses. The system was then employed to measure amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and volume surface texture parameters of a model material (pharmaceutical dosage form) which were validated against the parameters obtained using a previously validated surface texture analysis technique, optical profilometry. There were no statistically significant differences between the surface texture parameters measured by the techniques, highlighting the potential application of ETL-based imaging systems as an easily adaptable and low-cost alternative surface texture analysis technique to conventional microscopy techniques.

scholarly journals A method for the taphonomic assessment of bone tools using 3D surface texture analysis of bone microtopography

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi L. Martisius ◽  
Shannon P. McPherron ◽  
Ellen Schulz-Kornas ◽  
Marie Soressi ◽  
Teresa E. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ancient Bone ◽  
Anthropogenic Modifications ◽  
3D Surface Texture ◽  
Surface Texture Analysis

Abstract Increasingly researchers have employed confocal microscopy and 3D surface texture analysis to assess bone surface modifications in an effort to understand ancient behavior. However, quantitative comparisons between the surfaces of purported archaeological bone tools and experimentally manufactured and used bones are complicated by taphonomic processes affecting ancient bone. Nonetheless, it may be reasonable to assume that bones within the same deposits are altered similarly and thus these alterations are quantifiable. Here we show how unworked bones can be used to quantify the taphonomic effect on bone surfaces and how this effect can then be controlled for and incorporated into an analysis for evaluating the modified surfaces of purported bone tools. To assess the baseline taphonomy of Middle Paleolithic archaeological deposits associated with typologically identified bone artifacts, specifically lissoirs, we directly compare the surface textures of ancient and modern unworked ribs. We then compare the ancient unworked ribs and lissoirs to assess their differences and predict the ancient artifacts’ original surface state using a multilevel multivariate Bayesian model. Our findings demonstrate that three of five tested surface texture parameters (Sa, Spc, and IsT) are useful for distinguishing surface type. Our model predictions show that lissoirs tend to be less rough, have more rounded surface peaks, and exhibit more directionally oriented surfaces. These characteristics are likely due to anthropogenic modifications and would have been more pronounced at deposition. Quantifying taphonomic alterations moves us one step closer to accurately assessing how bone artifacts were made and used in the ancient past.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Surface Texture Analysis of Fluoride’s Effect on Enamel Erosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Waseem Habashi ◽  
Amal Bader-Farraj ◽  
Nir Shpack ◽  
Ilan Beitlitum ◽  
Hila May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Surface Texture Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Enamel erosion has become a common clinical finding that often impairs dental esthetics and function. In the current study, we aimed to implement the three-dimensional surface texture analysis (3DST) method to explore the protective effect of fluoride on surface texture prior to erosive conditions. For each of the 50 teeth used in this study, the polished buccal enamel surface was divided into three separate areas: the first area was untouched polished enamel, the two other surfaces were immersed in 0.3% citric acid for 30 s. One was treated with high-concentration (19,000 ppm) sodium fluoride (NaF) solution prior to acid attack, and the other had no treatment prior to acid exposure. Enamel surface texture and step height measurements were obtained using a high-resolution disk scanning confocal microscope, and SEM images were also acquired. Surfaces treated with fluoride showed fewer variations in 3-D surface texture parameters than the eroded surface compared to the control group (p = 0.001). This was in accordance with the SEM descriptive images. The findings indicate that pre-fluoridated enamel areas were less affected by the acid and showed similar features to the untouched enamel. Moreover, a protective effect of the fluoride treatment against irreversible enamel damage was noted as the surface loss (step-height) was significantly reduced (p = 0.03). The study showed that 3DST analysis is a valuable methodology for detecting and quantifying subtle differences between the surfaces. When exploring the combination of all surface texture parameters, it was revealed that the pre-fluoridated eroded enamel surfaces showed considerable similarity to the untouched enamel.

AN AUTOREGRESSIVE APPROACH TO SURFACE TEXTURE ANALYSIS

1994 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 845-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
DINESH P. MITAL ◽  
GOH WEE LENG
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Random Field ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Invariant Property ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Pixel Image ◽  
Rotational Invariant ◽  
Surface Texture Analysis

The use of autoregressive models in textual analysis holds great potential. Coupling the technique to a circular neighbourhood set imparts a rotational invariant property to it. This was demonstrated by Kashyap and Khotanzad in their model called the Circular Symmetric Autogressive (CSAR) Random Field model. The short-coming in this very ingenious proposal is that it is set in a background of square pixels and the rotational invariant property of the model fails in cases when the aspect ratio of the pixels are not at unity. This paper proposes a major modification to the CSAR to render the model rotational invariant under all configurations of pixel implementation. It is based on the area segments covered by a circle set in a 3×3 neighbourhood. We call it the Circular Area Autoregressive (CAAR) model. The results obtained from the CAAR showed much better consistency over that of the CSAR when a non-square pixel image was used.

A Modified Fourier Method of Shape and Surface Texture Analysis of Planar Sections of Particles

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Meltzer ◽  
YR Fiorini ◽  
RT Horstman ◽  
IC Moore ◽  
AL Batik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Fourier Method ◽  
Surface Texture Analysis

Engineering Surface Analysis With Different Wavelet Bases

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyu Fu ◽  
B. Muralikrishnan ◽  
J. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Filter Banks ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Wavelet Bases ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Surface Texture Analysis

Traditional surface texture analysis involves filtering surface profiles into different wavelength bands commonly referred to as roughness, waviness and form. The primary motivation in filtering surface profiles is to map each band to the manufacturing process that generated the part and the intended functional performance of the component. Current trends in manufacturing are towards tighter tolerances and higher performance standards that require close monitoring of the process. Thus, there is a need for finer bandwidths for process mapping and functional correlation. Wavelets are becoming increasingly popular tools for filtering profiles in an efficient manner into multiple bands. While they have broadly been demonstrated as having superior performance and capabilities than traditional filtering, fundamental issues such as choice of wavelet bases have remained unaddressed. The major contribution of this paper is to present the differences between wavelets in terms of the transmission characteristics of the associated filter banks, which is essential for surface analysis. This paper also reviews fundamental mathematics of wavelet theory necessary for applying wavelets to surface texture analysis. Wavelets from two basic categories—orthogonal wavelet bases and biorthogonal wavelet bases are studied. The filter banks corresponding to the wavelets are compared and multiresolution analysis on surface profiles is performed to highlight the applicability of this technique.

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