scholarly journals Low-Temperature Flexible Micro Hydrogen Sensor Embedded in a Proton Battery for Real-Time Microscopic Diagnosis

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuan Lee ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Chin-Yuan Yang ◽  
John-Shong Cheong ◽  
Yun-Hsiu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Proton Battery ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The proton battery is a very novel emerging research area with practicability. The proton battery has charging and discharging functions. It not only electrolyzes water: the electrolyzed protons can be stored but also released, which are combined with oxygen to generate electricity, and the hydrogen is not required; the hydrogen ions will be released from the battery. According to the latest document, the multiple important physical parameters (e.g., hydrogen, voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and flow) inside the proton battery are unlikely to be obtained accurately and the multiple important physical parameters mutually influence the data; they have critical effects on the performance, life, and health status of the proton battery. At present, the proton battery is measured only from the outside to indirectly diagnose the health status of battery; the actual situation inside the proton battery cannot be obtained instantly and accurately. This study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a low-temperature micro hydrogen sensor, which is used for monitoring the internal condition of the proton battery and judging whether or not there is hydrogen leakage, so as to enhance the safety.

scholarly journals Flexible 5-in-1 Microsensor Embedded in the Proton Battery for Real-Time Microscopic Diagnosis

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuan Lee ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
John-Shong Cheong ◽  
Yun-Hsiu Chien ◽  
Yi-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Proton Battery ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The proton battery possesses water electrolysis, proton storage and discharging functions simultaneously, and it can be manufactured without expensive metals. Use the principle of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for charging, store it in the activated carbon on the hydrogen side and use the principle of proton exchange membrane fuel cell for discharge when needed. According to the latest literature, it is difficult to obtain the exact important physical parameters inside the proton battery (e.g., voltage, current, temperature, humidity and flow), and the important physical parameters are correlated with each other, which have critical influence on the performance, lifetime and health status of the proton battery. At present, the condition of the proton battery is judged indirectly only by external measurement, the actual situation inside the proton battery cannot be obtained accurately and instantly. Therefore, this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible 5-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in the proton battery to obtain five important physical parameters instantly, so that the condition inside the proton battery can be mastered more precisely, so as to prolong the battery life and enhance the proton battery performance.

scholarly journals Flexible 6-in-1 Microsensor for Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring of Proton Battery

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuan Lee ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Chin-Yuan Yang ◽  
John-Shong Cheong ◽  
Yun-Hsiu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Proton Battery ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Physical Quantities

According to the comparison between a proton battery and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the PEMFC requires oxygen and hydrogen for generating electricity, so a hydrogen tank is required, leading to larger volume of PEMFC. The proton battery can store hydrogen in the carbon layer, combined with the oxygen in the air to form water to generate electricity; thus, the battery cost and the space for a hydrogen tank can be reduced a lot, and it is used more extensively. As the proton battery is a new research area, multiple important physical quantities inside the proton battery should be further understood and monitored so as to enhance the performance of battery. The proton battery has the potential for practical applications, as well as water electrolysis, proton storage and discharge functions, and it can be produced without expensive metals. Therefore, in this study, we use micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a diagnostic tool for the proton battery based on the developed microhydrogen sensor, integrated with the voltage, current, temperature, humidity and flow microsensors developed by this laboratory to complete a flexible integrated 6-in-1 microsensor, which is embedded in the proton battery to measure internal important physical parameters simultaneously so that the reaction condition in the proton battery can be mastered more accurately. In addition, the interaction of physical quantities of the proton battery are discussed so as to enhance the proton battery’s performance.

scholarly journals A Flexible 5-In-1 Microsensor for Internal Microscopic Diagnosis of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Charging Process

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuan Lee ◽  
Chin-Lung Hsieh ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Yen-Pu Huang ◽  
Chong-An Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Physical Quantities

Multiple important physical parameters in the vanadium redox flow battery are difficult to measure accurately, and the multiple important physical parameters (e.g., temperature, flow, voltage, current, pressure, and electrolyte concentration) are correlated with each other; all of them have a critical influence on the performance and life of vanadium redox flow battery. In terms of the feed of fuel to vanadium redox flow battery, the pump conveys electrolytes from the outside to inside for reaction. As the performance of vanadium redox flow battery can be tested only by an external machine—after which, the speed of pump is adjusted to control the flow velocity of electrolyte—the optimum performance cannot be obtained. There is a demand for internal real-time microscopic diagnosis of vanadium redox flow batteries, and this study uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a flexible five-in-one (temperature, flow, voltage, current, and pressure) microsensor, which is embedded in vanadium redox flow battery, for real-time sensing. Its advantages include: (1) Small size and the simultaneous measurement of five important physical quantities; (2) elastic measurement position and accurate embedding; and (3) high accuracy, sensitivity, and quick response time. The flexible five-in-one microsensor embedded in the vanadium redox flow battery can instantly monitor the changes in different physical quantities in the vanadium redox flow battery during charging; as such, optimum operating parameters can be found out so that performance and life can be enhancec.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Anti-Disturbing Control of an Electromagnetic MEMS Torsional Micromirror Considering External Vibrations in Vehicular LiDAR

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Yong Hua ◽  
Shuangyuan Wang ◽  
Bingchu Li ◽  
Guozhen Bai ◽  
Pengju Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Torsional Micromirror ◽  
Dynamic Coupling Model

Micromirrors based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology are widely employed in different areas, such as optical switching and medical scan imaging. As the key component of MEMS LiDAR, electromagnetic MEMS torsional micromirrors have the advantages of small size, a simple structure, and low energy consumption. However, MEMS micromirrors face severe disturbances due to vehicular vibrations in realistic use situations. The paper deals with the precise motion control of MEMS micromirrors, considering external vibration. A dynamic model of MEMS micromirrors, considering the coupling between vibration and torsion, is proposed. The coefficients in the dynamic model were identified using the experimental method. A feedforward sliding mode control method (FSMC) is proposed in this paper. By establishing the dynamic coupling model of electromagnetic MEMS torsional micromirrors, the proposed FSMC is evaluated considering external vibrations, and compared with conventional proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controls in terms of robustness and accuracy. The simulation experiment results indicate that the FSMC controller has certain advantages over a PID controller. This paper revealed the coupling dynamic of MEMS micromirrors, which could be used for a dynamic analysis and a control algorithm design for MEMS micromirrors.

An Ultrafast and Ultra-Low-Temperature Hydrogen Gas–Proton Battery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Zhu ◽  
Weiping Wang ◽  
Yichen Yin ◽  
Yahan Meng ◽  
Zaichun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Battery

High performance and negative temperature coefficient of low temperature hydrogen gas sensors using palladium decorated tungsten oxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Songhua Xiao ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Gas Sensors

A catalytically activated hydrogen sensor is obtained based on Pd decorated WO3 nanoplates constructed by a solvothermal method.

Solvent-Based Polymer Swelling Characterization for the Development of the Nano/Micro-Particle Polymer Composite MEMS Corrosion Sensor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan ◽  
Abdoul Kader Maiga ◽  
Po-Hao Adam Huang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Products ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Polymer Swelling ◽  
Corrosion Sensor ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
New Type ◽  
Oxide Removal

The concept of using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for in-situ corrosion sensing and for long-term applications has been proposed and is currently under development by our research lab. This is a new type of sensing using MEMS technology and, to the knowledge of our team, has not been explored previously. The MEMS corrosion sensor is based on the oxidation of metal nano/micro-particle embedded in elastomeric polymer to form a composite sensing element. The polymer controls the diffusion into and out of the sensor while the corrosion of the metal particles inhibits electrical conduction which is used as the detection signal. The work presented here is based on part of the methods developed for the removal of native and process-induced metal oxides. A major aspect is the study of the swelling dynamics of the polymer matrix (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) intended for enhancing material transport of etchants into and reaction products out of the composite during oxide removal. More specifically, the characterization of the swelling of copper particles-PDMS composite samples in liquid solvent baths is presented.

scholarly journals Assessment of medium and small river health based on macroinvertebrates habitat suitability curves: a case study in a tributary of Yangtze River, China

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-621
Author(s):  
Yifan Su ◽  
Weiming Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Jinjing Li ◽  
Xuyang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Small River ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
River Health

Abstract The health of medium and small river ecosystems is threatened by increasing hydropower development and human activities. How to properly diagnose rivers has become a global concern. As a well-accepted theory, the aquatic organism density can be an indicator of river health. A new river health assessment method based on macroinvertebrates habitat suitability curves (M-HSC) was proposed. In this study, the health of Qiaobian River (QBR), a tributary of Yangtze River, China was evaluated by investigating the distribution of macroinvertebrates, chemical and physical parameters during winter 2018 (low flow season) and summer 2019 (high flow season). Based on habitat suitability of dominant macroinvertebrates, the key habitat factors were screened by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. Suitability curves were determined by Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Ecosystem health comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the health status. The results show most suitable conditions for Corbicula fluminea containing chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) of 1.48 mg L−1, total nitrogen (TN) of 0.27 mg L−1, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 11.17 mg L−1, pH of 8.42, turbidity of 1.76 NTU, and water depth (Dep) of 0.35 m. The health status of QBR is spatially heterogeneous with the apparently better upstream than the downstream. In general, 25, 12.5, 12.5% of the samples were classified as nature, health and sub-health status, respectively and the rest 50% were lower than sub-health. The results are consistent with the environmental quality standards for surface water in China (GB3838-2002), suggesting the applicability of macroinvertebrates habitat suitability for evaluating river health. By minimizing the temporal and spatial limitations of comprehensive evaluation method and indicator species method, this study, for the first time, used macroinvertebrates habitat suitability curves to assess the health of medium and small rivers. The study will provide new insights for future river health assessments.

scholarly journals A Miniature Optical Force Dual-Axis Accelerometer Based on Laser Diodes and Small Particles Cavities

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Junji Pu ◽  
Kai Zeng ◽  
Yulie Wu ◽  
Dingbang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Optical System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Optical Force ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Force Effect ◽  
High Measurement ◽  
Mems Technology

In recent years, the optical accelerometer based on the optical trapping force effect has gradually attracted the attention of researchers for its high sensitivity and high measurement accuracy. However, due to its large size and the complexity of optical path adjustment, the optical force accelerometers reported are only suitable for the laboratory environment up to now. In this paper, a miniature optical force dual-axis accelerometer based on the miniature optical system and a particles cavity which is prepared by Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology is proposed. The overall system of the miniature optical levitation including the miniature optical system and MEMS particles cavity is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of about 10 mm and a height of 33 mm (Φ 10 mm × 33 mm). Moreover, the size of this accelerometer is 200 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm. Due to the selected light source being a laser diode light source with elliptical distribution, it is sensitive to the external acceleration in both the long axis and the short axis. This accelerometer achieves a measurement range of ±0.17 g–±0.26 g and measurement resolution of 0.49 mg and 1.88 mg. The result shows that the short-term zero-bias stability of the two orthogonal axes of the optical force accelerometer is 4.4 mg and 9.2 mg, respectively. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that this optical force accelerometer could provide an effective solution for measuring acceleration with an optical force effect for compact engineering devices.

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