scholarly journals Green Picosecond Laser Machining of Thermoset and Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Insung Choi ◽  
Su-Jin Lee ◽  
Dongsig Shin ◽  
Jeong Suh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Taper Angle ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

There has been an increase in demand for the development of lightweight and high-strength materials for applications in the transportation industry. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is known as one of the most promising materials owing to its high strength-to-weight ratio. To apply CFRP in the automotive industry, various machining technologies have been reported because it is difficult to machine. Among these technologies, picosecond laser beam-induced machining has attracted great interest because it provides negligible heat transfer and can avoid tool wear. In this work, we conducted and compared machining of 2.15 mm-thick thermoset and 1.85 mm-thick thermoplastic CFRPs by using a green picosecond laser. The optimized experimental conditions for drilling with a diameter of 7 mm led to a small taper angle (average ~ 3.5°). The tensile strength of the laser-drilled specimens was evaluated, and the average value was 570 MPa. Our study indicates that green picosecond laser processing should be considered as a promising option for the machining of CFRP with a small taper angle.

THE EFFECTS OF DEBULKING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEW SCHEY ◽  
SCOTT STAPLETON ◽  
TIBOR BEKE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are widely used due to their high strength to weight ratios. A common process manufacturers use to increase the strength to weight ratio is debulking. Debulking is the process of transversely compacting a dry fibrous reinforcement prior to wet out with the matrix resin, in order to induce fiber nesting, effectively increasing the volume fraction of the sample. While this process is widely understood macroscopically its effects on fibrous microstructures have not yet been well characterized. The aim of this work is to compare the microstructures of three CFRPs, varying only the debulking step in the manufacturing process. The microstructural effects of debulking on three unidirectional CFRPs made from three different levels of debulking were studied. High resolution serial sections of all three samples were taken using the UES ROBO-MET at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Using these scans, the fiber positions were measured and connected to make fiber paths. Statistical descriptors such as local fiber and void volume fractions, and void distribution and morphology were then generated for each sample and compared. Using these descriptors, the effects of debulking on the composite microstructure can be measured.

scholarly journals Ecofriendly inclined drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2127-2153
Author(s):  
Salman Pervaiz ◽  
Sathish Kannan ◽  
Dehong Huo ◽  
Ramulu Mamidala
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Thrust Forces

Abstract Key composite made aerostructures such as fuselage inner walls, flap support fairings, empennage ribs, and the vertical fin ribs are comprised of non-vertical inclined and radial holes that join with other key metallic and non-metallic structures. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are also used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and sports-related applications due to their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, better fatigue, and high stiffness. CFRP drilling operation is different than the homogenous materials as the cutting-edge interacts with fiber and matrix simultaneously. Flank face of the tool rubs on the workpiece material and develops high frictional contact due to the elastic recovery of broken fibers. Lubrication during CFRP cutting can reduce the friction involved at tool-workpiece interface to enhance cutting performance. Dry cutting, cryogenic machining, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)-based strategies are termed as ecofriendly cooling/lubrication methods when machining high performance materials. The abrasive nature of carbon fiber is responsible of producing cutting forces which leads to different types of imperfections such as delamination, uncut fiber, fiber breakout, and fiber pullout. The integrity of CFRP drilled hole especially at the entry and exit of the hole plays a significant role towards the overall service life. The presented paper aims to characterize the interrelationships between hole inclination, lubrication/cooling methods, tool coating, and drill geometry with inclined hole bore surface quality and integrity during drilling of CFRP laminates. In dry cutting, thrust forces were found 2.38 times higher in the 30° inclination when compared with the reference 90° conventional inclination angle. Compressed air provided lowest increase (1.46 times) in the thrust forces for 30° inclination.

scholarly journals Effect of CFRP Strengthening on Web of Steel I-Beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4628-4631
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Strength Capacity ◽  
Fiber Sheet ◽  
Strengthened Beam ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Web

This study is aimed to strengthen the structural steel I beam with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) composites to its web to increase its shear strength capacity. Lightweight Beam LB-100 @ 5.1 Kg/m and LB-115@ 8.1 Kg/m is used for this purpose. CFRP have light weight and high-strength as compare to other types of FRPs, so it can be used for strengthening purpose instead of using conventional methods of repair such as replacement and other. The web portion of the I-beam is made rust free to achieve proper bonding between the web and fiber sheet. A web of the beam is strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips in layers with the help of adhesive. The beam with CFRP is cured in air for 48 h before testing. Experimentation is done at the UTM of 100 Ton capacity. A three point bending tests were performed on various beams and results show that the load carrying capacity of a strengthened beam is increased by 20 to 35% as compared with control beam (non-strengthened) and the local failure of beam is also avoided. It is observed that the deflection of strengthened beam is also reduced as compared to a non-strengthened beam. So, this technique of strengthening can be used to improve the performances of various old structures in civil engineering which undergoes loss of strength due to corrosion.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of the Properties and Modifications of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2474
Author(s):  
Basheer A. Alshammari ◽  
Mohammed S. Alsuhybani ◽  
Alaa M. Almushaikeh ◽  
Bander M. Alotaibi ◽  
Asma M. Alenad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers are considered a promising composite for many industrial applications including in the automation, renewable energy, and aerospace industries. They exhibit exceptional properties such as a high strength-to-weight ratio and high wear resistance and stiffness, which give them an advantage over other conventional materials such as metals. Various polymers can be used as matrices such as thermosetting, thermoplastic, and elastomers polymers. This comprehensive review focuses on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers due to the advantages of thermoplastic compared to thermosetting and elastomer polymers. These advantages include recyclability, ease of processability, flexibility, and shorter production time. The related properties such as strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and stability, as well as electrical conductivity, are discussed in depth. Additionally, the modification techniques of the surface of carbon fiber, including the chemical and physical methods, are thoroughly explored. Overall, this review represents and summarizes the future prospective and research developments carried out on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of CFRP Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2948-2951
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Cfrp Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are extremely strong and stiff. They possess high corrosion resistance and their usage increase where rigidity and high strength-to-weight ratio are needed. Therefore they have been gaining wide usage in number of applications such as aerospace, marine, defense, civil and automobile as of their greater advantages. However the performances of these composites suffer when they are exposed to adverse environmental conditions such as moisture and high temperatures. This study work has been carried out to investigate the effect of environment on carbon composites. The primary purpose of this research study is to explore the degradation of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers CFRP composites under various environmental conditions. The environmental conditions have been limited to influence of water uptake and high temperature in this study and the effect of environmental conditions on the tensile strength and modulus of the CFRP composites. For the very purpose, laminates of IM7/977-2 are designed and manufactured. Tensile testing on dry/wet coupons under room/high temperature conditions are conducted to investigate the degradation in strength and modulus of CFRP composites.

Drilling performance of uncoated brad spur tools for high-strength carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199041
Author(s):  
Tieyu Lin ◽  
Jinyang Xu ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polymer Laminates

High-strength carbon fiber-reinforced polymers have been a promising alternative to conventional fibrous composites because of their extremely high properties. Mechanical drilling is a necessary operation to create boreholes for riveting and bolting different composite structures into assemblies. However, the high-strength carbon fiber-reinforced polymers pose much more serious machining issues than the conventional ones. The present work aims to investigate the drilling performance of one type of uncoated carbide brad spur tools when applied in machining of high-strength carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates. The wear mechanisms of uncoated carbide brad spur drills were figured out. Additionally, the tool wear influences on the thrust force, hole dimensional accuracy, and drilling-induced delamination were quantified. The acquired results indicate that the tool wear has a significant impact on the drilling process and the quality of machined hole wall surfaces. The dominant wear mode is proved to be abrasion wear. Moreover, the uncoated brad spur drills appear to exhibit high resistance to the abrasion wear in the drilling of high-strength carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Imaging of Thick Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers through Pulse-Compression-Based Phased Array

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid Rizwan ◽  
Stefano Laureti ◽  
Hubert Mooshofer ◽  
Matthias Goldammer ◽  
Marco Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Ultrasonic Imaging ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

The use of pulse-compression in ultrasonic non-destructive testing has assured, in various applications, a significant improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, the technique is combined with linear phased array to improve the sensitivity and resolution in the ultrasonic imaging of highly attenuating and scattering materials. A series of tests were conducted on a 60 mm thick carbon fiber reinforced polymer benchmark sample with known defects using a custom-made pulse-compression-based phased array system. Sector scan and total focusing method images of the sample were obtained with the developed system and were compared with those reconstructed by using a commercial pulse-echo phased array system. While an almost identical sensitivity was found in the near field, the pulse-compression-based system surpassed the standard one in the far-field producing a more accurate imaging of the deepest defects and of the backwall of the sample.

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