scholarly journals A Novel Impedance Micro-Sensor for Metal Debris Monitoring of Hydraulic Oil

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Zhang ◽  
Haotian Shi ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Laihao Ma ◽  
Xupeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Hydraulic oil is the key medium for the normal operation of hydraulic machinery, which carries various wear debris. The information reflected by the wear debris can be used to predict the early failure of equipment and achieve predictive maintenance. In order to realize the real-time condition monitoring of hydraulic oil, an impedance debris sensor that can detect inductance and resistance parameters is designed and studied in this paper. The material and size of wear debris can be discriminated based on inductance-resistance detection method. Silicon steel strips and two rectangular channels are designed in the sensor. The silicon steel strips are used to enhance the magnetic field strength, and the double rectangular detection channels can make full use of the magnetic field distribution region, thereby improving the detection sensitivity and throughput of the sensor. The comparison experiment shows that the coils in series are more suitable for the monitoring of wear debris. By comparing and analyzing the direction and the presence or absence of the signal pulses, the debris sensor can detect and distinguish 46 µm iron particles and 110 µm copper particles. This impedance detection method provides a new technical support for the high-precision distinguishing measurement of metal debris. The sensor can not only be used for oil detection in the laboratory, but also can be made into portable oil detection device for machinery health monitoring.

scholarly journals An Impedance Sensor for Distinguishing Multi-Contaminants in Hydraulic Oil of Offshore Machinery

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Haotian Shi ◽  
Dian Huo ◽  
Hongpeng Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yuqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Machinery ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
Impedance Sensor ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The cleanliness of hydraulic oil can reflect the service life of the oil and the wear state of hydraulic machinery. An impedance sensor is proposed to distinguish multi-contaminants in hydraulic oil. The impedance sensor has two detection modes: the inductance-resistance mode is used to detect metal debris, and the capacitance mode is used to distinguish water droplets and air bubbles. By adding a built-in silicon steel strip and an external silicon steel strip with high magnetic permeability, the distribution area, strength, and uniformity of the magnetic field are enhanced to improve the detection sensitivity under inductance and resistance parameters. In addition, the silicon steel strips are used as electrode plates to introduce capacitance parameter detection. The experimental results show that the resistance detection method based on coil successfully improves the detection ability for non-ferromagnetic metal debris. The impedance sensor for distinguishing multi-contaminants in hydraulic oil can provide technical support for fault diagnosis of offshore hydraulic machinery.

scholarly journals Improving the Detection Ability of Inductive Micro-Sensor for Non-Ferromagnetic Wear Debris

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Man Wang ◽  
Haotian Shi ◽  
Hongpeng Zhang ◽  
Dian Huo ◽  
Yucai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Ferromagnetic Metal ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Detection Ability ◽  
Inductive Sensor ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The inductive debris sensor has been studied because of its wide application prospects in mechanical health monitoring. In order to ensure a high-precision detection performance, a comprehensive method to improve the detection sensitivity and detection ability of the inductive sensor for non-ferromagnetic metal debris is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the eddy current inside the metal, the change of the coil impedance caused by the metal debris is increased by enhancing the magnetic field strength and selecting the optimal excitation frequency. The impedance detection method involving inductance and resistance parameters is used to improve the detection limit of non-ferromagnetic metal debris. The experimental results verify that the magnetic field in the detection region can be enhanced by adding a silicon steel strip (paramagnetic material) in the central hole of the coil, thereby greatly improving the detection sensitivity of the inductive sensor, and the concentrated distribution of the magnetic field avoids the double-peak signals generated by a single particle. The characteristics of the signal amplitude of non-ferromagnetic debris with excitation frequency are studied. Higher inductance, resistance amplitudes, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be obtained by using a high-frequency alternating current. Compared with inductance parameter detection, resistance parameter detection can detect smaller non-ferromagnetic debris. Combining the detection results of the inductance and resistance parameters can effectively improve the sensor’s ability to detect non-ferromagnetic debris.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of German Coastal Defense Line in 1942-1944 and Search for Military Historical Heritage Objects. Bolshoi Tyuters Island. Data of Geophysical Methods and Excavations.

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
Aleksandr L'vovich Borisik ◽  
Evgeniy Vladimirovich Pyatigorskiy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Coastal Defense ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The article describes the results of full-scale geophysical 2017-2018 studies conducted with the purpose of detecting military historical heritage objects on Bolshoy Tyuters Island. Sand dunes located in the eastern part of the island were studied in a short time by detailed magnetic exploration with an observation step of about 1 m. The most interesting anomalies of the magnetic field were investigated with the georadiolocation method. The processed results provided for mapping the anomalous magnetic field and creating georadiolocation sections and a dimensional relief model which demonstrate anomalies related to German defense and are promising for further excavations. The pinpoint excavations of the identified anomalies made it possible to explain their nature and discover objects of historical value at depths of up to 5 m. Despite high "contamination" of the dunes with metal debris, the use of geophysical methods with a dense observation system made it possible to detect a large number of objects of military historical heritage and significantly reduce the volume of excavations. Linking of the German positions archival scheme at hand additionally provided for comparing the location of the objects found with symbols made on it. After systematization and generalization of all the information obtained during 4 years of research on the island, it is possible to reconstruct the system of German defense in the area of sand dunes with a high degree of reliability.

Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 248-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neoclis Hadjigergiou ◽  
Marios Sophocleous ◽  
Evangelos Hristoforou ◽  
Paul Peter Sotiriadis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
General Information ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Flux Gate ◽  
Magneto Resistance ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This chapter is composed of three parts. The first is an introductory part, providing general information about magnetism and related phenomena. Magnetic materials are also discussed and presented. Afterwards, the magnetic field and various measurement techniques are discussed. In the second part, different magnetic sensors used in a laboratory or space are presented. Magnetic sensors that are discussed include anisotropic magneto-resistance (AMR), giant magneto-resistance (GMR), giant magneto-impedance (GMI), flux-gate and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Although some of them may be outdated and well known, they are widespread and they still pose an excellent choice for certain applications. Magnetic cleanliness is an important factor both in calibration and in normal operation of a system; in the third part, current techniques to isolate a system from the external magnetic field providing cleanliness are discussed.

scholarly journals Improving Sensitivity of a Micro Inductive Sensor for Wear Debris Detection with Magnetic Powder Surrounded

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liankun Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Saijie Wang ◽  
Yi Yin ◽  
Dazhuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Debris ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Magnetic Powder ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Inductive Sensor ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Inductive Signal

The inductive detection of wear debris in lubrication oil is an effective method to monitor the machine status. As the wear debris is usually micro scale, a micro inductive sensor is always used to detect them in research papers or high-tech products. However, the improvement of detection sensitivity for micro inductive sensors is still a great challenge, especially for early wear debris of 20 μm or smaller diameter. This paper proposes a novel method to improve the detection sensitivity of a micro inductive sensor. Regarding the magnetic powder surrounding the sensor, the magnetic field in the core of the sensor where the wear debris pass through would be enhanced due to the increased relative permeability. Thus, the inductive signal would be improved and the detection sensitivity would be increased. It is found that the inductive signal would linearly increase with increasing the concentration of the magnetic powder and this enhancement would also be effective for wear debris of different sizes. In addition, the detection limit of the micro inductive sensor used in our experiment could be extended to 11 μm wear debris by the proposed method.

Magnetography: A novel Characterization Tool for Li-Ion-Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Bergholz ◽  
Theodor Nuñez ◽  
Jürgen Wackerl ◽  
Carsten Korte ◽  
Detlef Stolten
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Standardized Measurement ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Magnetic Field

ABSTRACTThe application of magnetography as a novel method to determine the state of charge (SoC) of commercial Li-ion Batteries is reported. The method is non-invasive and nondestructive and suitable to be applied during normal operation. It is based on spatially resolved measurement of the magnetic field B, induced by the changing current flow during cycling. A standardized measurement setup and procedure for conventional AMR-sensors has been developed, offering high reproducibility (∼0.1%) and the chance to characterize the different spatial components of the magnetic field (Bx, By, Bz). The percentage deviation of the B-distributions for different SoCs for a given current load reveals significant differences. A change of B of up to 20% between SoCs of 90% and 10% is found. The influence of current density at different SoC reveals a constant magnetic susceptibility χ at low SoC and a field dependent χ at high SoC. Both effects are attributed to the change of the magnetic properties upon varying the amount of intercalated lithium in the transition metal (LixNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2) based intercalation cathode. The method can be used to provide an additional parameter for SoCestimation to battery management systems.

Research on magnetostriction of grain-oriented electrical silicon-steel sheet

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baodong Bai ◽  
Jiayin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Field Direction ◽  
Magnetic Field Direction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Purpose – The magnetostriction of grain-oriented electrical silicon steel sheet is studied for the magnetic field direction along the rolling direction and deviating from it. The method of calculating the vibration of transformer is developed through COMSOL. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Measurements of signals of magnetostriction and magnetic polarization, and calculation through software. Findings – The angle between the magnetic field direction and the rolling direction does a great influence on magnetostriction strain. Originality/value – The maximum λ p-p of transversal magnetostriction is above 30 times more than the value when the angle is 0°. The transversal magnetostriction is a main reason of vibration increasing at the corner of transformer.

scholarly journals Classification of the Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Radiation Measurement from the Laptop Computers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Brodić ◽  
Alessia Amelio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Laptop Computers ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract The paper considers the level of the extremely low-frequency magnetic field, which is produced by laptop computers. The magnetic field, which is characterized by extremely low frequencies up to 300 Hz is measured due to its hazardous effects to the laptop user's health. The experiment consists of testing 13 different laptop computers in normal operation conditions. The measuring of the magnetic field is performed in the adjacent neighborhood of the laptop computers. The measured data are presented and then classified. The classification is performed by the K-Medians method in order to determine the critical positions of the laptop. At the end, the measured magnetic field values are compared with the critical values suggested by different safety standards. It is shown that some of the laptop computers emit a very strong magnetic field. Hence, they must be used with extreme caution.

Third Body Effects on Graphite/XC48 Steel Magnetized Sliding Contact

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Mansori ◽  
Marjorie Schmitt ◽  
Daniel Paulmier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Sliding Contact ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Third Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper completes previous studies concerning the mechanisms governing friction and wear of a steel/graphite couple under an external applied magnetic field. Friction tests were performed in a controlled chamber with a magnetised steel pin sliding against a graphite disk exposed to oxygen, argon, and vacuum environments. Wear debris and friction tracks generated by reactions with the gases after sliding, with and without magnetic field, were identified ex situ by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It shows that the magnetic field modifies the third body behavior which depends on the gases surrounding the contact; this governs the friction state, the type of graphite wear (fatigue or abrasive wear), and the surface reactivity.

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