scholarly journals One-Dimensional Flow of Bacteria on an Electrode Rail by Dielectrophoresis: Toward Single-Cell-Based Analysis

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Takatoki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Rapid Enumeration ◽  
The One

Many applications in biotechnology and medicine, among other disciplines, require the rapid enumeration of bacteria, preferably using miniaturized portable devices. Microfluidic technology is expected to solve this miniaturization issue. In the enumeration of bacteria in microfluidic devices, the technique of aligning bacteria in a single line prior to counting is the key to an accurate count at single-bacterium resolution. Here, we describe the numerical and experimental evaluation of a device utilizing a dielectrophoretic force to array bacteria in a single line, allowing their facile numeration. The device comprises a channel to flow bacteria, two counter electrodes, and a capture electrode several microns or less in width for arranging bacteria in a single line. When the capture electrode is narrower than the diameter of a bacterium, the entrapment efficiency of the one-dimensional array is 80% or more within 2 s. Furthermore, since some cell-sorting applications require bacteria to move against the liquid flow, we demonstrated that bacteria can move in a single line in the off-axial direction tilted 30° from the flow direction. Our findings provide the basis for designing miniature, portable devices for evaluating bacteria with single-cell accuracy.

A Study on Flow in Duct Constructed of Nonwoven Fabric

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Sakamoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawabe ◽  
Kiichiro Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Circular Pipe ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Circular Pipe Flow ◽  
The One

The purpose of this paper is to investigate both the flow characteristics in the sock type of the air filter constructed of nonwoven fabric and the effect on drag reduction in a circular pipe flow by means of the wall coated with nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric used in these experiments is an electret one made of polypropylene, and the fiber distribution is a random laying. The fiber is about 4 μ m in diameter and 0.6 mm in thickness of web. The nonwoven fabric without adhesion of dust was used in these experiments. The pressure distribution along the flow direction was measured for various parameters such as Reynolds number, shape of the air filter, and type of nonwoven fabric. The value of the permeability for the present nonwoven fabric is on the order of 10−11(m2) within the limits of this experiment. The pressure in the sock type of the air filter increases with increasing Re. The experimental results can be explained by Darcy’s law as d/L is larger than 0.1. In the small range of Re the calculated values obtained by the one-dimensional flow model qualitatively agree with those obtained by this experiment. It was proven that the wall coated with the nonwoven fabric is effective to reduce the drag in the circular pipe flow.

Performance Prediction of Twin-Entry Turbocharger Turbines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Ghasemi ◽  
Ebrahim Shirani ◽  
Ali Hajilouy-Benisi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Partial Admission ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Radial Velocity Profile ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
The One

In this paper, the performance of the twin-entry radial flow turbine under steady state and partial admission conditions is modeled. The method, which is developed here, is based on one-dimensional performance prediction. In one-dimensional modeling, the flow properties are assumed constant on a plane normal to the flow direction. This assumption is in contrast with the flow at the rotor entry of a twin-entry turbine under partial admission condition. In this study the one-dimensional performance prediction method for single-entry turbine is modified to analyze the twin-entry turbine. In particular, the loss coefficients due to friction, clearance and blade loading, which are already developed for single-entry turbines, are modified. Also additional losses in the rotor are considered because of twin-entry rotor inlet conditions and the rotor-mixing losses. Indeed in a single-entry turbine with symmetric volute the flow tends to move toward the shroud. A correlation for the radial velocity profile at the rotor entry for this case is obtained and is considered to be optimum. Then the rotor mixing loss is estimated. Finally a model based on the above mentioned matters is developed. The results obtained from the model are compared with experimental results and good agreements are obtained. In this paper, special behaviors of the flow in the twin-entry turbine are also investigated and some physical interpretations are presented.

Research on Target Recognition of the Millimeter Wave Car Collision Avoidance Radar Based on the LFMCW

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Main Lobe ◽  
Correction Algorithm ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The One

When adding zero to the the sampling points or weighting the sampling points to suppress the sidelobe, the result of the one-dimensional FFT processing for the target echo will appear multiple lines in the the main lobe of the spectrum. It creates fuzzy targets which we can not distinguish it is a target or multiple targets. To solve this problem, we proposed a correction algorithm. By the correction algorithm, the multiple lines in the main lobe of the spectrum can be corrected to be a single line in the main lobe. It solves the problem of fuzzy targets and improves the distance accuracy of the radar.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Control of a Highly Stratified Estuarine Front*

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. MacDonald ◽  
W. Rockwell Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Dimensional Theory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
River Outflow ◽  
Natural Break ◽  
The One

Abstract Observations at the mouth of the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada) indicate an abrupt frontal transition between unstratified river outflow and a highly stratified river plume with differences in salinity greater than 25 psu across a few meters in the vertical direction and several hundred meters in the horizontal direction. The front roughly follows a natural break in the bathymetry, crossing the channel at an angle of approximately 45°, and is essentially stationary for a period of approximately 3.5 h centered on the low tide following the larger of two daily ebbs. The location of the front is coincident with observations of significantly supercritical internal Froude numbers at the front, based on velocities in the along-flow direction. This observation contradicts the one-dimensional theory, which indicates that the Froude number should be 1. However, because the front is oriented obliquely to the outflow, a coordinate system can be selected that is normal to the front and for which a critical Froude number of 1 is obtained. This indicates that a Froude angle, similar in application to a Mach angle for transonic flows, can be used to determine critical conditions when the front is oblique to the principal flow direction.

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

Adiabatic large polarons in anisotropic molecular crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Zoran Ivić ◽  
Željko Pržulj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Molecular Crystals ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Interchain Coupling ◽  
Large Polaron ◽  
The One

Adiabatic large polarons in anisotropic molecular crystals We study the large polaron whose motion is confined to a single chain in a system composed of the collection of parallel molecular chains embedded in threedimensional lattice. It is found that the interchain coupling has a significant impact on the large polaron characteristics. In particular, its radius is quite larger while its effective mass is considerably lighter than that estimated within the one-dimensional models. We believe that our findings should be taken into account for the proper understanding of the possible role of large polarons in the charge and energy transfer in quasi-one-dimensional substances.

Modelling Techniques in Applied Glaciology: Numerical Modelling of Avalanches

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 297-297
Author(s):  
G. Brugnot
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Reference Grid ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

We consider the paper by Brugnot and Pochat (1981), which describes a one-dimensional model applied to a snow avalanche. The main advance made here is the introduction of the second dimension in the runout zone. Indeed, in the channelled course, we still use the one-dimensional model, but, when the avalanche spreads before stopping, we apply a (x, y) grid on the ground and six equations have to be solved: (1) for the avalanche body, one equation for continuity and two equations for momentum conservation, and (2) at the front, one equation for continuity and two equations for momentum conservation. We suppose the front to be a mobile jump, with longitudinal velocity varying more rapidly than transverse velocity.We solve these equations by a finite difference method. This involves many topological problems, due to the actual position of the front, which is defined by its intersection with the reference grid (SI, YJ). In the near future our two directions of research will be testing the code on actual avalanches and improving it by trying to make it cheaper without impairing its accuracy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document