scholarly journals Development of Proportional–Integrative–Derivative (PID) Optimized for the MicroElectric Discharge Machine Fabrication of Nano-Bismuth Colloid

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsiung Tseng ◽  
Chaur-Yang Chang ◽  
Yagus Cahyadi ◽  
Meng-Yun Chung ◽  
Chin-Liang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Electric Discharge Machine ◽  
Electrohydraulic System ◽  
Discharge Machine ◽  
Adaptation Method

Metal nanoparticles are typically prepared by using a chemical method, and a suspension is added to control the particle size and concentration of the nanoparticles. In this study, a micro-electric discharge machine (micro-EDM) was used to melt bismuth into nanoparticles, thus yielding a colloidal solution. No chemicals were added during the manufacturing process, and pure water was used as the medium. The colloid was assessed using an electrohydraulic system, and process parameters were adjusted for optimization; additionally, the discharge pulse wave was analyzed. The proposed preparation process is simple, fast, and cost-effective; moreover, the manufacturing process allows for mass production and reduces environmental pollution. Experimental results revealed that the nano-bismuth (nano-bi) colloidal solution was successfully prepared by the micro-EDM, and absorption peaks in the UV-vis spectrum were observed at 234 and 237 nm. Moreover, to optimize the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control parameters to be used in the micro-EDM to prepare the nano-bi colloidal solution, this study derived a mathematical model of the micro-EDM. MATLAB was used to obtain the PID parameters. The discharge success rate (74.1876%) for the nano-bi colloidal solution prepared using our method was higher than that (46.9196%) obtained for a nano-bi colloidal solution prepared using an online adaptation method.

scholarly journals Developing a manufacturing process to deliver a cost effective and stable liquid human rotavirus vaccine

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahd Hamidi ◽  
Femke Hoeksema ◽  
Pim Velthof ◽  
Angelique Lemckert ◽  
Gert Gillissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Human Rotavirus

Milk Pasteurization and Characterization Using Mono-Mode Microwave Reactor and Slotted Coaxial Antenna

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-138
Author(s):  
Suhail Abdullah ◽  
Kok Yeow You ◽  
Cheong Yew Chong ◽  
Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Specimen Volume ◽  
Microwave Reactors

Mono-mode microwave reactors are usually used to heat substances, especially food. This is because heating using a microwave reactor can sustain the flavor, color, and nutrition of the food. Furthermore, this heating technique is cost-effective and time-saving compared to a conventional heating method. The mono-mode reactor is able to determine the absorption of microwave power accurately on the heated substance versus a multimode reactor. In this chapter, a simple and precise mono-mode microwave reactor is designed and developed especially for research laboratories. The advantage of this reactor is to provide a more accurate calibration process, in order to improve the optimum energy use in the heating process, as well as the temperature of the specimen. The reactor can generate output power from 30 watts to 1500 watts, operating at 2.45±0.03 GHz and capable of accommodating a specimen volume of 780 cm3. Pure water is used as a heated specimen to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of this reactor.

Study on Machining of Cracking Notches for Automotive Connecting Rod Using WEDM

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Tang ◽  
Yuan Bo Li ◽  
Yong Jun Zhang ◽  
Chun Qiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Electric Discharge Machine ◽  
Fracture Splitting ◽  
Discharge Machine ◽  
Wire Electric Discharge Machine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Splitting Process

In order to resolve the problem of connecting rod notches machining, a new process of WEDM (Wire Electric Discharge Machine) has been presented, and it is greatly possible that expensive laser process can be replaced by WEDM in virtue of its unique advantages. Firstly, process parameters of notch have been analyzed, and project of machining notch using WEDM has been introduced, including measures to achieve good-quality notch. The relationship between cutting speed and power supply parameters has been investigated, and it is discovered that micro-crackle on bottom of notch are greatly effect to fracture splitting process, also new idea of active controlling micro-crackle has been presented. Finally, fracture splitting machining has been carried out. The cost and entrance standard of fracture splitting process are greatly dropped owing to new breakthrough of machining notch using WEDM.

scholarly journals Determination of the Aspect-ratio Distribution of Gold Nanorods in a Colloidal Solution using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Leonardo Binetti ◽  
T. Hien Nguyen ◽  
Lourdes S. M. Alwis ◽  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Bellman Principle

AbstractKnowledge of the distribution of the aspect ratios (ARs) in a chemically-synthesized colloidal solution of Gold Nano Rods (GNRs) is an important measure in determining the quality of synthesis, and consequently the performance of the GNRs generated for various applications. In this work, an algorithm has been developed based on the Bellman Principle of Optimality to readily determine the AR distribution of synthesized GNRs in colloidal solutions. This is achieved by theoretically fitting the longitudinal plasmon resonance of GNRs obtained by UV-visible spectroscopy. The AR distribution obtained from the use of the algorithm developed have shown good agreement with those theoretically generated one as well as with the previously reported results. After bench-marking, the algorithm has been applied to determine the mean and standard deviation of the AR distribution of two GNRs solutions synthesized and examined in this work. The comparison with experimentally derived results from the use of expensive Transmission Electron Microscopic images and Dynamic Light Scattering technique shows that the algorithm developed offers a fast and thus potentially cost-effective solution to determine the quality of the synthesized GNRs specifically needed for many potential applications for the advanced sensor systems.

Processing Stability Analysis of Wire Cut Electric Discharge Machine with High Speed

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Ming Gui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Electric Discharge Machine ◽  
Wire Cutting ◽  
Discharge Machine ◽  
Processing Stability

In this article, unstable factor analysis is done in Wire cut electric discharge machine with high speed (WEDM HS), which focus on effect of processing Stability from electrical processing parameters, machine parameters, electrode wire, cutting fluid and conductive block, and how to adjust and excluding factors in order to enhance WEDM processing stability ,ensure machine parts surface quality, dimensional accuracy and processing efficiency.

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