scholarly journals 3D Printed Biomodels for Flow Visualization in Stenotic Vessels: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Violeta Carvalho ◽  
Nelson Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro ◽  
Pedro F. Costa ◽  
Rui A. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Atherosclerosis is one of the most serious and common forms of cardiovascular disease and a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a multifactorial and complex disease that promoted several hemodynamic studies. Although in vivo studies more accurately represent the physiological conditions, in vitro experiments more reliably control several physiological variables and most adequately validate numerical flow studies. Here, a hemodynamic study in idealized stenotic and healthy coronary arteries is presented by applying both numerical and in vitro approaches through computational fluid dynamics simulations and a high-speed video microscopy technique, respectively. By means of stereolithography 3D printing technology, biomodels with three different resolutions were used to perform experimental flow studies. The results showed that the biomodel printed with a resolution of 50 μm was able to most accurately visualize flow due to its lowest roughness values (Ra = 1.8 μm). The flow experimental results showed a qualitatively good agreement with the blood flow numerical data, providing a clear observation of recirculation regions when the diameter reduction reached 60%.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Preclinical Investigations on Three Oxamniquine Analogues as Novel Treatment Options for Schistosomiasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Buchter ◽  
Yih Ching Ong ◽  
François Mouvet ◽  
Abdallah Ladaycia ◽  
Elise Lepeltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Liver Model ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Active Concentration ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

<div>Schistosomiasis is a disease of poverty affecting millions of people. Praziquantel (PZQ), with its </div><div>strengths and weaknesses, is the only treatment available. We previously reported 3 lead </div><div>compounds derived from oxamniquine (OXA), an old antischistosomal drug: ferrocene‐containing </div><div>(Fc‐CH2‐OXA), ruthenocene‐containing (Rc‐CH2‐OXA) and benzene‐containing (Ph‐CH2‐OXA). </div><div>These derivatives showed excellent in vitro activity against both Schistosoma mansoni and S. </div><div>haematobium larvae and adult worms, and in vivo against S. mansoni. Encouraged by these </div><div>promising results, we followed a guided drug discovery process and report in this investigation on </div><div>metabolic stability studies, in vivo studies, computational simulations, and formulation studies. </div><div>Molecular dynamics simulations supported the in vitro results on the target protein. Though all </div><div>three compounds were poorly stable within an acidic environment, they were only slightly cleared </div><div>in the in vitro liver model. This is likely the reason as to why the promising in vitro activity did not </div><div>translate to in vivo activity. This limitation could not be saved by the formulation of lipid </div><div>nanocapsules as an intent to improve the in vivo activity. Further studies should focus on increasing </div><div>the compound’s bioavailability, in order to reach an active concentration in the parasite’s </div><div>microenvironment. </div>

A Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designed Against Blood-Stage of Malaria: An Immunoinformatic And Structural Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Atapour ◽  
Parisa Vosough ◽  
Somayeh Jafari ◽  
Gholamreza Anani Sarab
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Epitope Vaccine ◽  
Fusion Construct ◽  
Potential Vaccine

Abstract Malaria is a complex disease caused by genus Plasmodiumis parasites and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most severe form of malaria disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. A combination of different approaches is needed to control malaria, and on the other hand, resistance to first-line drugs and insecticides makes the need for an effective vaccine more mandatory than ever. Erythrocyte parasites have the most clinical symptoms, so designing the potential vaccine for this stage of infection could be very helpful. In this research, we used various bioinformatics tools to design an effective antibody-inducing multi-epitope vaccine against the blood-stage of malaria infection. For this purpose, we selected the malaria PfGARP protein as the target here. The predicted B and HTL epitopes and flagellin molecule (as an adjuvant) were connected with suitable linkers and the final construct vaccine was designed. The various properties of this construct, including physicochemical properties, 3D structures, molecular docking, molecular simulations, and in silico cloning were then carried out. Based on preliminary findings, our designed fusion construct could be proposed as a novel potential vaccine candidate against Malaria. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are essential for further validation.

Synthesis, biology, computational studies and in vitro controlled release of new isoniazid-based adamantane derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2779-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Papageorgiou ◽  
Angeliki-Sofia Foscolos ◽  
Ioannis P Papanastasiou ◽  
Marilena Vlachou ◽  
Angeliki Siamidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Adamantane Derivatives ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Test ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Aim: There is a necessity for new drugs to be more efficient than today's standard due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Results/methodology: 12 new isoniazid-based adamantane derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antitubercular activity. The pharmacological test results and the aqueous dissolution profile of representative examples of the new molecules are in agreement with the computational results obtained from docking poses and molecular dynamics simulations on the tested compounds. Conclusion: Among their congeners, the adamantane isonicotinoyl hydrazones Ia and Ih exhibit the best antitubercular activity (MIC = 0.04 μg/ml) and the lowest cytotoxicity (selectivity index ≥2500). These results are useful for in future in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of Monoterpenes: Advances and Challenges in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Lucena Périco ◽  
Maycon Tavares Emílio-Silva ◽  
Rie Ohara ◽  
Vinícius Peixoto Rodrigues ◽  
Gabriela Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by an imbalance of protective and aggressive factors (endogenous and exogenous). Despite advances in recent years, it is still responsible for substantial mortality and triggering clinical problems. Over the last decades, the understanding of PUD has changed a lot with the discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, this disease continues to be a challenge due to side-effects, incidence of relapse from use of various anti-ulcer medicines, and the rapid appearance of antimicrobial resistance with current H. pylori therapies. Consequently, there is the need to identify more effective and safe anti-ulcer agents. The search for new therapies with natural products is a viable alternative and has been encouraged. The literature reports the importance of monoterpenes based on the extensive pharmacological action of this class, including wound healing and anti-ulcerogenic agents. In the present study, 20 monoterpenes with anti-ulcerogenic properties were evaluated by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we review the anti-ulcer effects of monoterpenes against ulcerogenic factors such as ethanol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Helicobacter pylori, highlighting challenges in the field.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Preclinical Investigations on Three Oxamniquine Analogues as Novel Treatment Options for Schistosomiasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Buchter ◽  
Yih Ching Ong ◽  
François Mouvet ◽  
Abdallah Ladaycia ◽  
Elise Lepeltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Liver Model ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Active Concentration ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

<div>Schistosomiasis is a disease of poverty affecting millions of people. Praziquantel (PZQ), with its </div><div>strengths and weaknesses, is the only treatment available. We previously reported 3 lead </div><div>compounds derived from oxamniquine (OXA), an old antischistosomal drug: ferrocene‐containing </div><div>(Fc‐CH2‐OXA), ruthenocene‐containing (Rc‐CH2‐OXA) and benzene‐containing (Ph‐CH2‐OXA). </div><div>These derivatives showed excellent in vitro activity against both Schistosoma mansoni and S. </div><div>haematobium larvae and adult worms, and in vivo against S. mansoni. Encouraged by these </div><div>promising results, we followed a guided drug discovery process and report in this investigation on </div><div>metabolic stability studies, in vivo studies, computational simulations, and formulation studies. </div><div>Molecular dynamics simulations supported the in vitro results on the target protein. Though all </div><div>three compounds were poorly stable within an acidic environment, they were only slightly cleared </div><div>in the in vitro liver model. This is likely the reason as to why the promising in vitro activity did not </div><div>translate to in vivo activity. This limitation could not be saved by the formulation of lipid </div><div>nanocapsules as an intent to improve the in vivo activity. Further studies should focus on increasing </div><div>the compound’s bioavailability, in order to reach an active concentration in the parasite’s </div><div>microenvironment. </div>

In vitro and in vivo studies of new cationic Zn(II)‐benzonaphthoporphyrazines as photosensitizers for PDT

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
M. Peeva ◽  
M. Shopova ◽  
U. Michelsen ◽  
D. Wöhrle ◽  
G. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies

Effect of caffeine on theophyliine on cerebral blood flow response to brain activation: In vitro and in vivo studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S198-S198
Author(s):  
Joseph R Meno ◽  
Thien-son K Nguyen ◽  
Elise M Jensen ◽  
G Alexander West ◽  
Leonid Groysman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blood Flow Response ◽  
Flow Response

Effects of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins on Platelet Thromboxane Biosynthesis “In Vivo”

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Erica De Candia ◽  
Bianca Rocca ◽  
Giovanni Ciabattoni ◽  
Armando Antinori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
To Receive

SummarySeveral “in vitro” and “in vivo” studies indicate that heparin administration may affect platelet function. In this study we investigated the effects of prophylactic heparin on thromboxane (Tx)A2 biosynthesis “in vivo”, as assessed by the urinary excretion of major enzymatic metabolites 11-dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2. Twenty-four patients who were candidates for cholecystectomy because of uncomplicated lithiasis were randomly assigned to receive placebo, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin or unfractionaed heparin plus 100 mg aspirin. Measurements of daily excretion of Tx metabolites were performed before and during the treatment. In the groups assigned to placebo and to low molecular weight heparin there was no statistically significant modification of Tx metabolite excretion while patients receiving unfractionated heparin had a significant increase of both metabolites (11-dehydro-TxB2: 3844 ± 1388 vs 2092 ±777, p <0.05; 2,3-dinor-TxB2: 2737 ± 808 vs 1535 ± 771 pg/mg creatinine, p <0.05). In patients randomized to receive low-dose aspirin plus unfractionated heparin the excretion of the two metabolites was largely suppressed thus suggesting that platelets are the primary source of enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis associated with heparin administration. These data indicate that unfractionated heparin causes platelet activation “in vivo” and suggest that the use of low molecular weight heparin may avoid this complication.

Effectiveness of the integration of quercetin, turmeric, and N-acetylcysteine in reducing inflammation and pain associated with endometriosis. In-vitro and in-vivo studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fadin ◽  
Maria C. Nicoletti ◽  
Marzia Pellizzato ◽  
Manuela Accardi ◽  
Maria G. Baietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document