scholarly journals High-Speed Manipulation of Microobjects Using an Automated Two-Fingered Microhand for 3D Microassembly

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
Masaru Kojima ◽  
Yasushi Mae ◽  
Tatsuo Arai
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Positional Error ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Manipulation System ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
3D Assembly ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Pick And Place Operation

To assemble microobjects including biological cells quickly and precisely, a fully automated pick-and-place operation is applied. In micromanipulation in liquid, the challenges include strong adhesion forces and high dynamic viscosity. To solve these problems, a reliable manipulation system and special releasing techniques are indispensable. A microhand having dexterous motion is utilized to grasp an object stably, and an automated stage transports the object quickly. To detach the object adhered to one of the end effectors, two releasing methods—local stream and a dynamic releasing—are utilized. A system using vision-based techniques for the recognition of two fingertips and an object, as well automated releasing methods, can increase the manipulation speed to faster than 800 ms/sphere with a 100% success rate (N = 100). To extend this manipulation technique, 2D and 3D assembly that manipulates several objects is attained by compensating the positional error. Finally, we succeed in assembling 80–120 µm of microbeads and spheroids integrated by NIH3T3 cells.

scholarly journals Simulation of flow development in high-speed combustor in 2D and 3D formulations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Vlasenko ◽  
E. S. Matyash ◽  
S. S. Molev ◽  
V. A. Sabelnikov ◽  
V. A. Talyzin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Development ◽  
2D And 3D

scholarly journals Carbohydrate–carbohydrate interaction provides adhesion force and specificity for cellular recognition

2004 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Bucior ◽  
Simon Scheuring ◽  
Andreas Engel ◽  
Max M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Sponge Cell ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Cellular Recognition ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cell Cell

The adhesion force and specificity in the first experimental evidence for cell–cell recognition in the animal kingdom were assigned to marine sponge cell surface proteoglycans. However, the question whether the specificity resided in a protein or carbohydrate moiety could not yet be resolved. Here, the strength and species specificity of cell–cell recognition could be assigned to a direct carbohydrate–carbohydrate interaction. Atomic force microscopy measurements revealed equally strong adhesion forces between glycan molecules (190–310 piconewtons) as between proteins in antibody–antigen interactions (244 piconewtons). Quantitative measurements of adhesion forces between glycans from identical species versus glycans from different species confirmed the species specificity of the interaction. Glycan-coated beads aggregated according to their species of origin, i.e., the same way as live sponge cells did. Live cells also demonstrated species selective binding to glycans coated on surfaces. These findings confirm for the first time the existence of relatively strong and species-specific recognition between surface glycans, a process that may have significant implications in cellular recognition.

scholarly journals Secondary Atomization of a Biodiesel Micro-Emulsion Fuel Droplet Colliding with a Heated Wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Ashikhmin ◽  
Nikita A. Khomutov ◽  
Maxim V. Piskunov ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Yanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Fuel Droplet ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Surface Area Increase

Using high-speed video recording, we establish the following regimes of hydrodynamic interaction of a biodiesel micro-emulsion fuel droplet with a heated wall: deposition (including drop spreading and receding), drop hydrodynamic breakup, and rebound. Collision regime maps are plotted using a set of dimensionless criteria: Weber number We = 470–1260, Ohnesorge number Oh = 0.146–0.192, and Reynolds number Re = 25–198. The scenarios of droplet hydrodynamic disintegration are studied for transient and film boiling. We also estimate the disintegration characteristics of a biodiesel micro-emulsion droplet (mean diameter of child droplets, their number, and evaporation surface area increase due to breakup). The study establishes the effect of water proportion on the micro-emulsion composition (8–16 vol.%), heating temperature (300–500 °C), droplet size (1.8–2.8 mm), droplet velocity (3–4 m/s), rheological properties of the examined compositions, and emulsifier concentration (10.45 vol.% and 20 vol.%) on the recorded characteristics. The results show that the initial liquid surface area can be increased 2–19 times. The paper analyzes ways to control the process. The hydrodynamic disintegration characteristics of a biodiesel micro-emulsion fuel droplet are compared using 2D and 3D recording.

scholarly journals Predicting metastasis with a novel biophysical cell-adhesion force technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Gan ◽  
Zhao Zhihai ◽  
Yu Miao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Potential Force ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Metastatic Cells

AbstractMetastasis is widely accepted to be responsible for approximately 90% of all cancer deaths. Current research on metastasis prediction often centers on gene sequencing; however, these analyses must account for the complexity of gene regulation and rely on comprehensive datasets. To investigate the process from a simpler, non-genomic angle, some studies indicate differences in cell adhesion force, an important physical process in metastasizing cells. However, cell adhesion force methods tend to focus on cell population approaches and therefore have their drawbacks in cost or efficiency, rendering them impractical outside a research setting. In this work, we test a novel and inexpensive bead-pipette assay to investigate the adhesion forces of non-metastatic NIH3T3 cells and mutated RasV12 cells, a metastatic model cell line.Control cells and RasV12 cells were evaluated with wound healing, spreading area, and focal adhesion (FA) analysis assays. Then cells were tested by the novel bead-pipette assay, which uses a fibronectin-coated bead and a glass micropipette to measure cell adhesion force using Hooke’s law.The RasV12 cells had faster migration, polarized cell shape, and smaller FA area than control cells. The RasV12 cells also exerted higher adhesion forces than control cells and a potential force threshold was determined for distinguishing metastatic cells through a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve was computed for all other assays and the bead-pipette assay was shown to perform higher as a classifier than other assays.The RasV12 cells had increased metastatic potential compared to control. The novel bead-pipette assay showed potential as a classifier for determining metastasizing cells from non-metastatic cells. With further work, it may serve as a clinical diagnostic tool for cancer patients or as a testbed to be used in the development of anti-metastatic drugs.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Temporal and Club Angle Parameters During Golf Swings Using Low Cost Video Analyses Packages

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Hunter ◽  
Ukadike C. Ugbolue ◽  
Graeme G. Sorbie ◽  
Wing-Kai Lam ◽  
Fergal M. Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
3D Software ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare swing time and golf club angle parameters during golf swings using three, two dimensional (2D) low cost, Augmented-Video-based-Portable-Systems (AVPS) (Kinovea, SiliconCoach Pro, SiliconCoach Live). Twelve right-handed golfers performed three golf swings whilst being recorded by a high-speed 2D video camera. Footage was then analysed using AVPS-software and the results compared using both descriptive and inferential statistics. There were no significant differences for swing time and the golf phase measurements between the 2D and 3D software comparisons. In general, the results showed a high Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC > 0.929) and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha (CCA > 0.924) reliability for both the kinematic and temporal parameters. The inter-rater reliability test for the swing time and kinematic golf phase measurements on average were strong. Irrespective of the AVPS software investigated, the cost effective AVPS can produce reliable output measures that benefit golf analyses.

Boundary Conditions for a Traveling Web Detaching From a Rotating Cylinder

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph G. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Plastic Foil ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Simple Support ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Web

Abstract High speed traveling webs appear in a number of technical applications such as plastic foil or paper production machinery and printing machines. Almost all mechanical models for the dynamic behaviour used so far, assume simple support boundary conditions. In reality, in the case of two-dimensional webs immersed in a viscous fluid, a low pressure zone will be present under the web near the point where the web detaches from the rotating drum. Other effects such as adhesion forces may also contribute. Thus, as can often also be seen already by naked-eye examination, the web does not detach tangentially from the drum. In this paper a mechanical model for small amplitude vibrations of a traveling web with small sag is developed, which takes into account the effect of the above described upstream boundary condition. The web is modeled as a one-dimensional heavy string without bending stiffness. The assumption of quasi-static stretching is made, i.e. infinitely high wave speed is assumed for longitudinal waves.

Three-dimensional Nanorobotic Manipulations of Carbon Nanotubes

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Dong ◽  
◽  
Fumihito Arai ◽  
Toshio Fukuda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Manipulation System ◽  
Afm Cantilever ◽  
End Effectors

A nanorobotic manipulation system with 10 degreesof-freedom (DOFs) is presented and applied in 3-D manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by controlling intermolecular forces. Manipulators are actuated with PicomotorsTM (New Focus Inc.) for coarse motions and PZTs for fine ones, and operated inside a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Resolutions of manipulators are better than 30nm (linear) and 2mrad (rotary) for coarse motions, and within nanoorder for fine ones. Atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers are used as end-effectors, and van der Waals forces between them and objects are controlled by applying dielectrophoresis. Individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been picked up on an AFM cantilever, placed between two cantilevers, and bent between a cantilever and sample substrate. As basic building blocks for more complex nanostructures and devices, CNT-junctions are constructed. A cross-junction was constructed with two MWNTs (∼ø40nm × 6μm and ∼ø50nm ö 7μm), and a T-junction was made of two MWNTs (∼ø40nm × 3μm and ∼ø50nm × 2μm). A kink junction is formed by bending an MWNT (∼ø40nm × 6μm) over its elastic limit for 20 times. Force measurements are performed and the flexural rigidity and Young's Modulus of an ∼ø30nm ∼7μm MWNT are estimated in situ to be 8.641 × 10-20Nm2 and 2.17TPa. Such manipulations are essential for both the property characterization of CNTs and the fabrication of functional nanosystems.

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