scholarly journals Integrated Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Microfluidic Chip for Exosomes Isolation

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Fuzhou Niu ◽  
Xifu Chen ◽  
Xuemei Niu ◽  
Yifan Cai ◽  
Qingkui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunomagnetic Bead ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Integrity

Exosomes are essential early biomarkers for health monitoring and cancer diagnosis. A prerequisite for further investigation of exosomes is the isolation, which is technically challenging due to the complexity of body fluids. This paper presents the development of an integrated microfluidic chip for exosomes isolation, which combines the traditional immunomagnetic bead-based protocol and the recently emerging microfluidic approach, resulting in benefits from both the high-purity of the former and the automated continuous superiority of the latter. The chip was designed based on an S-shaped micromixer with embedded baffle. The excellent mixing efficiency of this micromixer compared with Y-shaped and S-shaped micromixers was verified by simulation and experiments. The photolithography technique was employed to fabricate the integrated microfluidic chip, and the manufacturing process was elucidated. We finally established an experimental platform for exosomes isolation with the fabricated microfluidic chip built in. Exosomes isolation experiments were conducted using this platform. The distribution and morphology of the isolated exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative size analyses based on transmission electron micrographs indicated that most of the obtained particles were between 30 and 150 nm. Western blot analyses of the isolated exosomes and the serum were conducted to verify the platform’s capability of isolating a certain subpopulation of exosomes corresponding to specified protein markers (CD63). The complete time for isolation of 150 μL serum samples was approximately 50 min, which was highly competitive with the reported existing protocols. Experimental results proved the capacity of the established integrated microfluidic chip for exosomes isolation with high purity, high integrity, and excellent efficiency. The platform can be further developed to make it possible for practical use in clinical applications as a universal exosomes isolation and characterization tool.

scholarly journals Thickening of T1 Precipitates during Aging of a High Purity Al–4Cu–1Li–0.25Mn Alloy

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Häusler ◽  
Reza Kamachali ◽  
Walid Hetaba ◽  
Birgit Skrotzki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Purity ◽  
External Load ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Defect Type ◽  
Transmission Electron

The age hardening response of a high-purity Al–4Cu–1Li–0.25Mn alloy (wt. %) during isothermal aging without and with an applied external load was investigated. Plate shaped nanometer size T1 (Al2CuLi) and θ′ (Al2Cu) hardening phases were formed. The precipitates were analyzed with respect to the development of their structure, size, number density, volume fraction and associated transformation strains by conducting transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies in combination with geometrical phase analysis (GPA). Special attention was paid to the thickening of T1 phase. Two elementary types of single-layer T1 precipitate, one with a Li-rich (Type 1) and another with an Al-rich (Defect Type 1) central layer, were identified. The results show that the Defect Type 1 structure can act as a precursor for the Type 1 structure. The thickening of T1 precipitates occurs by alternative stacking of these two elementary structures. The thickening mechanism was analyzed based on the magnitude of strain associated with the precipitation transformation normal to its habit plane. Long-term aging and aging under load resulted in thicker and structurally defected T1 precipitates. Several types of defected precipitates were characterized and discussed. For θ′ precipitates, a ledge mechanism of thickening was observed. Compared to the normal aging, an external load applied to the peak aged state leads to small variations in the average sizes and volume fractions of the precipitates.

Characterization of the Ni/NiO, Interface Region in Oxidized High Purity Nickel by Transmission Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard T. Sawhill ◽  
Linn W. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Structure Factor ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Interfacial Energies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Interface Structures

ABSTRACTNi/NiO interface structures were investigated using TEM, and the observed structures were compared with current heterophase interface models. Relative magnitudes of Ni/NiO interfacial energies were obtained from measurements of dihedral angles at triple grain junctions between Ni and NiO grains. Extra reflections in diffraction patterns from oxide grains adjacent to the Ni/NiO interface were compared with kinematical structure factor calculations for several proposed structures.

Modulated Structures in Ion Implanted Al-Fe System

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Jata ◽  
D. Janoff ◽  
E.A. Starke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Modulated Structure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Modulated Structures ◽  
Ion Energies ◽  
High Purity Aluminum ◽  
Al Matrix

ABSTRACTThe results of transmission electron microscopy studies of iron implantation into high purity aluminum foils are described. For both 50 and 100 + 50 keV incident ion energies, modulated structure has been detected in the as-implanted foils. Upon annealing at 793 K the modulated structure decomposes into the Al matrix and Al3Fe precipitates for the 50 keV implantation. A similar annealing treatment for the 100 + 50 keV implantation indicates that the modulated structure is more stable, although some Fe3Al precipitation occurs.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers fromGigantochloa scortechiniias a Reinforcement Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh ◽  
Asniza Mustapha ◽  
M. Mohd. Masri ◽  
A. F. Owolabi ◽  
M. I. Syakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were isolated fromGigantochloa scortechiniibamboo fibers using sulphuric acid hydrolysis. This method was compared with pulping and bleaching process for bamboo fiber. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine the properties of CNF. Structural analysis by FT-IR showed that lignin and hemicelluloses were effectively removed from pulp, bleached fibers, and CNF. It was found that CNF exhibited uniform and smooth morphological structures, with fiber diameter ranges from 5 to 10 nm. The percentage of crystallinity was significantly increased from raw fibers to cellulose nanofibers, microfibrillated, along with significant improvement in thermal stability. Further, obtained CNF were used as reinforcement material in epoxy based nanocomposites where tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of nanocomposites improved with the addition of CNF loading concentration ranges from 0 to 0.7%.

scholarly journals Genome sequence and characterization of five bacteriophages infecting Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces venezuelae: Alderaan, Coruscant, Dagobah, Endor1 and Endor2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aël Hardy ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Larissa Kever ◽  
Julia Frunzke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Viral Diversity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Phage Evolution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Family Based

AbstractStreptomyces are well-known antibiotic producers, and are also characterized by a complex morphological differentiation. Streptomyces, like all bacteria, are confronted with the constant threat of phage predation, which in turn shapes bacterial evolution. However, despite significant sequencing efforts recently, relatively few phages infecting Streptomyces have been characterized compared to other genera. Here, we present the isolation and characterization of five novel Streptomyces phages. All five phages belong to the Siphoviridae family, based on their morphology as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Genome sequencing revealed that four of them were temperate phages, while one had a lytic lifestyle. Moreover, one of the newly sequenced phages shows very little homology to already described phages, highlighting the still largely untapped viral diversity. Altogether, this study expands the number of characterized phages of Streptomyces and sheds light on phage evolution and phage-host dynamics in Streptomyces.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicles of Pectobacterium brasiliense 1692

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Silindile Maphosa ◽  
Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Animal Pathogens

Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) 1692 is an aggressive phytopathogen affecting a broad host range of crops and ornamental plants, including potatoes. Previous research on animal pathogens, and a few plant pathogens, revealed that Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are part of Gram-negative bacteria’s (GNB) adaptive toolkit. For this reason, OMV production and subsequent release from bacteria is a conserved process. Therefore, we hypothesized that OMVs might transport proteins that play a critical role in causing soft rot disease and in the survival and fitness of Pbr1692. Here, we show that the potato pathogen, Pbr1692, releases OMVs of various morphologies in Luria Bertani media at 31 °C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the production of OMVs by Pbr1692 cells. Transmission Electron Microscopy showed that these exist as chain-, single-, and double-membrane morphologies. Mass spectrometry followed by Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Virulence Factor, CAZymes, Antibiotic Resistance Ontology, and Bastion6 T6SE annotations identified 129 OMV-associated proteins with diverse annotated roles, including antibiotic stress response, virulence, and competition. Pbr1692 OMVs contributed to virulence in potato tubers and elicited a hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, Pbr1692 OMVs demonstrated antibacterial activity against Dickeya dadantii.

Evaporated Titanium Films on Rocksalt

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
Frank E. Wawner ◽  
Kenneth R. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Purity Titanium

Thin single crystal films of high purity titanium were needed in our laboratory for investigations of the early stages of the oxidation of titanium. Experiments were carried out to determine the feasibility of preparing single crystal titanium films of different orientations by evaporation onto the (100), (110) and (111) surfaces of rocksalt. The structures of these films were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction.

Initial Stages of the Oxidation of Tantalum

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
R. H. Geiss ◽  
K. R. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Purity ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ordering Effects ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
Plane Shape

Pre-thinned high purity tantalum sheet was oxidized in high purity oxygen at 500°C in an ultra high vacuum reactor vessel at pressures of 10 to 100 microns for 30 to 90 minutes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the microstructure as the oxidation progressed and electron diffraction showed many different sub-oxide phases and marked ordering effects.For the lowest oxygen exposure, 10 microns for 30 minutes, a microstructure showing both large and small domains was found, Figure 1. As can be seen the size and shape of the domains varied considerably. The long narrow domains are near the edge of the foil and all have boundaries along ﹛100﹜ In intermediate regions, about one micron in from the edge, the domains have a peculiar “air plane” shape with boundaries along both ﹛100﹜ and ﹛110﹜ and “wings” adjacent to the ﹛100﹜ boundary. Interspaced among the airplane shaped domains and in regions up to 3 microns from the edge are very small, interconnected nuclei.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) forming immune complexes in fulminant hepatitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Manoel C.P. Soares ◽  
Gilberta Bensabath ◽  
Paulo R.B. Cartágenes ◽  
Max M. Alves ◽  
Fernando A.A. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Fulminant Hepatitis ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Delta Virus

This paper reports an unusual pattern of serological HBV markers and the presence of HBsAg/anti-HBs immune complexes in serum samples from two patients with fulminant hepatitis from the Brazilian Western Amazon Basin. The diagnosis was made by both serologic tests and demonstration of antigen/antibody complexes by transmission electron microscopy. Concurrent Delta virus superinfection is also discussed.

Pyrolytic and Laser Photolytic Growth of Crystalline and Amorphous Germanium Films from Digermane (Ge2H6)

1988 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djula Eres ◽  
D. H. Lowndes ◽  
J. Z. Tischler ◽  
J. W. Sharp ◽  
D. B. Geohegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Purity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
193 Nm ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Deposition Conditions

ABSTRACTHigh-purity digermane (Ge2H6, 5% in He) has been used to grow epitaxially oriented crystalline Ge films by pyrolysis. Amorphous Ge:H films also have been deposited by pyrolysis and ArF (193 nm) laser-induced photolysis. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition and the film's morphology was studied as a function of deposition conditions. The film's microstructure, strain and epitaxial quality were assessed using x-ray diffraction curves and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that commensurate, coherently strained epitaxial Ge films could be grown pyrolytically on (100) GaAs at low (0.05–40 m Torr) Ge2H6 partial pressures, for substrate temperatures above 380°C.

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