scholarly journals Hydrogel Patterns in Microfluidic Devices by Do-It-Yourself UV-Photolithography Suitable for Very Large-Scale Integration

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Anthony Beck ◽  
Franziska Obst ◽  
Mathias Busek ◽  
Stefan Grünzner ◽  
Philipp Mehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Micro Patterning ◽  
Do It Yourself

The interest in large-scale integrated (LSI) microfluidic systems that perform high-throughput biological and chemical laboratory investigations on a single chip is steadily growing. Such highly integrated Labs-on-a-Chip (LoC) provide fast analysis, high functionality, outstanding reproducibility at low cost per sample, and small demand of reagents. One LoC platform technology capable of LSI relies on specific intrinsically active polymers, the so-called stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Analogous to microelectronics, the active components of the chips can be realized by photolithographic micro-patterning of functional layers. The miniaturization potential and the integration degree of the microfluidic circuits depend on the capability of the photolithographic process to pattern hydrogel layers with high resolution, and they typically require expensive cleanroom equipment. Here, we propose, compare, and discuss a cost-efficient do-it-yourself (DIY) photolithographic set-up suitable to micro-pattern hydrogel-layers with a resolution as needed for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) microfluidics. The achievable structure dimensions are in the lower micrometer scale, down to a feature size of 20 µm with aspect ratios of 1:5 and maximum integration densities of 20,000 hydrogel patterns per cm². Furthermore, we demonstrate the effects of miniaturization on the efficiency of a hydrogel-based microreactor system by increasing the surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio of integrated bioactive hydrogels. We then determine and discuss a correlation between ultraviolet (UV) exposure time, cross-linking density of polymers, and the degree of immobilization of bioactive components.

Development of Bioimpedance Sensors and Measurement System for Biomedical In-Vitro Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-499
Author(s):  
Stadler B. Eng. Sebastian ◽  
Herbert Plischke ◽  
Christian Hanshans
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Store And Forward

Abstract Bioimpedance analysis is a label-free and easy approach to obtain information on cellular barrier integrity and cell viability more broadly. In this work, we introduce a small, low-cost, portable in vitro impedance measurement system for studies where a shadow-free exposure of the cells is a requirement. It can be controlled by a user-friendly web interface and can perform measurements automated and autonomously at short intervals. The system can be integrated into an existing IoT network for remote monitoring and indepth analyses. A single-board computer (SBC) serves as the central unit, to control, analyze, store and forward the measurement data from the single-chip impedance analyzer. Various materials and manufacturing methods were used to produce a purpose-built lid on top of a modified 24-well microtiter plate in a “do it yourself” fashion. Furthermore, three different sensor designs were developed utilizing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes and gold-plated electrodes. Preliminary tests with potassium chloride (KCl) showed first promising results.

Large Scale Photodesmear for Via Residue Cleaning in High Density Interconnect substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000465-000468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Habu ◽  
Masahito Namai ◽  
Akira Aiba ◽  
Hajime Kikuiri ◽  
Shun Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Dielectric Surface ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Aspect Ratios

Smear residue from the build-up dielectric material is left at the bottom of the microvia after laser drill process which, if not cleaned, poses risk to the electrical functionality of the device. Thus, microvia cleanliness is the key to a reliable and electrically functional device. Currently, industry employs a wet process to clean the etch residue that results in significant chemical waste. Here, we evaluated an alternative, but effective Photodesmear method that provides a low cost of ownership and almost negligible environmental impact. We have demonstrated in IMAPS 2013 that this process can achieve residue- and silica filler free via bottoms by a two-step process: i) illuminating 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV) on the panels, resulting in a photochemical ashing, and ii) a water clean. This process does not reduce the surface energy of the build-up material, thus not impacting the downstream processes. The main technical challenge in developing Photodesmear technology will be panel level uniformity in cleaning all the microvias within the same process step. We have demonstrated that our process can achieve a highly uniform treatment over 510 mm wide panels. The process was optimized to clean microvias with a range of aspect ratios on insulating film (material N) drilled by CO2 laser. The microvia bottoms were also found to be clean when the vias were drilled by UV laser to test the desmear capability. The quality of the Photodesmear was tested by measuring the peel strength between electrolytically plated Cu and dielectric surface, and by performing the quick via pull (QVP) to verify the failing interface. We found high peel strength of 0.7 kgf/cm when sputtered Cu seed layer was used. QVP experiments confirmed that the via residue is cleaned effectively since the interface between the plated Cu and the underlying Cu pad did not fail. This study shows that Photodesmear process is capable to produce clean vias along with acceptable peel strength. Future issues are to research the reliability, productivity, and cost of the Photodesmear process to compare with the existing process.

scholarly journals Silicon nanomembrane phototransistor flipped with multifunctional sensors toward smart digital dust

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. eaaz6511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongjin Li ◽  
Zhe Ma ◽  
Chunyu You ◽  
Gaoshan Huang ◽  
Enming Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Silicon Nanomembrane

The sensing module that converts physical or chemical stimuli into electrical signals is the core of future smart electronics in the post-Moore era. Challenges lie in the realization and integration of different detecting functions on a single chip. We propose a new design of on-chip construction for low-power consumption sensor, which is based on the optoelectronic detection mechanism with external stimuli and compatible with CMOS technology. A combination of flipped silicon nanomembrane phototransistors and stimuli-responsive materials presents low-power consumption (CMOS level) and demonstrates great functional expansibility of sensing targets, e.g., hydrogen concentration and relative humidity. With a device-first, wafer-compatible process introduced for large-scale silicon flexible electronics, our work shows great potential in the development of flexible and integrated smart sensing systems for the realization of Internet of Things applications.

scholarly journals Thin Films Sensor Devices for Mycotoxins Detection in Foods: Applications and Challenges

Chemosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Santos ◽  
Andreia Vaz ◽  
Paula Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Veloso ◽  
Armando Venâncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Film Sensor ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Sensor Devices

Mycotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by different species of filamentous fungi and pose serious threats to food safety due to their serious human and animal health impacts such as carcinogenic, teratogenic and hepatotoxic effects. Conventional methods for the detection of mycotoxins include gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry or other detectors (fluorescence or UV detection), thin layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These techniques are generally straightforward and yield reliable results; however, they are time-consuming, require extensive preparation steps, use large-scale instruments, and consume large amounts of hazardous chemical reagents. Rapid detection of mycotoxins is becoming an increasingly important challenge for the food industry in order to effectively enforce regulations and ensure the safety of food and feed. In this sense, several studies have been done with the aim of developing strategies to detect mycotoxins using sensing devices that have high sensitivity and specificity, fast analysis, low cost and portability. The latter include the use of microarray chips, multiplex lateral flow, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering and biosensors using nanoparticles. In this perspective, thin film sensors have recently emerged as a good candidate technique to meet such requirements. This review summarizes the application and challenges of thin film sensor devices for detection of mycotoxins in food matrices.

Low Temperature Synthesis of TiO2 Nanorods with Tunable Aspect Ratios from Ti and NH4Cl Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2148-2151
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Yong Cai Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
Electronic Microscope

TiO2 nanorods with tunable aspect ratios were synthesized directly via heating different molar ratios of Ti and NH4Cl powders in air at 400 °C for 3 h. The resultant products have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and field emission scanning electronic microscope (FESEM). The proposed method is of simpleness, low temperature and low cost, which may be suitable for large scale production of multifunctional TiO2 nanomaterials

ARM-Based Greenhouse Environmental Parameters Control System Design and Implementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 780-783
Author(s):  
Zhi Cheng Xia ◽  
Xiang Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Biological Technology ◽  
Basic Power

The countries all over the world, the development of facilities agriculture that science and technology is to promote the modern facilities of the development of the agriculture basic power, biological technology, information technology, energy technology, the new material technology, high and new technology in agricultural facilities, make the comprehensive application of facilities agriculture become highly intensive industrial technology, to the large-scale, mechanization automation and information way, promoted the sustainable development of modern agriculture[1-2]. As China's economy continues to develop, more and more greenhouses, more and more popular, but the intelligence levels of high and low, in recent years learning to the advanced level , technology continues to develop [3-4]. Control over most of the greenhouse with the IPC, high cost, is not conducive to large scale, then switch to single-chip, but the structure is relatively simple external circuit design complexity, is not conducive to the latter part of the system upgrade, unable to complete the complex control and meets the requirements for low-cost agricultural facilities. Therefore, the study of advanced ARM microprocessor based greenhouse control system meets the requirements for low-cost agricultural facilities, but also well positioned to meet the functional requirements of small and medium sized greenhouse. And has a very good human-computer interaction and communication functions, is of great significance and practical value.

TOWARDS COMPUTATION WITH MICROCHEMOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 507-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS VOIGT ◽  
RINALDO GREINER ◽  
MERLE ALLERDIßEN ◽  
ANDREAS RICHTER ◽  
STEPHAN HENKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Execution Unit ◽  
Scale Integration

Labs-on-chips are promising candidates for the realization of chemical information systems, where data are embodied in the form of chemical concentrations. In this paper we present the concept of microchemomechanical systems, a lab-on-a-chip technology based on intrinsically active components. The active components are chemical transistors fabricated from phase-changeable polymers that provide a direct feedback mechanism. Therefore this microfluidic platform facilitates the realization of logic operations, if-then structures and the sampling of chemical signals. In analogy with electronic von Neumann CPUs, control and execution unit are integrated on a single chip. Due to the intrinsic activity of the chemical transistors and their small size, microchemomechanical systems are highly suitable for large-scale integration.

scholarly journals Applications of Microfluidics in Liquid Crystal-Based Biosensors

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Jinan Deng ◽  
Dandan Han ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Configuration Transition

Liquid crystals (LCs) with stimuli-responsive configuration transition and optical anisotropic properties have attracted enormous interest in the development of simple and label-free biosensors. The combination of microfluidics and the LCs offers great advantages over traditional LC-based biosensors including small sample consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Moreover, microfluidic techniques provide a promising tool to fabricate uniform and reproducible LC-based sensing platforms. In this review, we emphasize the recent development of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of LC-based biosensors, including LC planar sensing platforms and LC droplets. Fabrication and integration of LC-based planar platforms with microfluidics for biosensing applications are first introduced. The generation and entrapment of monodisperse LC droplets with different microfluidic structures, as well as their applications in the detection of chemical and biological species, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensors are proposed. This review will promote the understanding of microfluidic techniques in LC-based biosensors and facilitate the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensing devices with high performance.

An Assessment of a Low-Cost Wastewater Disposal System after Twenty-Five Years of Operation

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Reidy ◽  
G. W. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Coal Resource

A low-cost wastewater disposal system was commissioned in 1959 to treat domestic and industrial wastewaters generated in the Latrobe River valley in the province of Gippsland, within the State of Victoria, Australia (Figure 1). The Latrobe Valley is the centre for large-scale generation of electricity and for the production of pulp and paper. In addition other industries have utilized the brown coal resource of the region e.g. gasification process and char production. Consequently, industrial wastewaters have been dominant in the disposal system for the past twenty-five years. The mixed industrial-domestic wastewaters were to be transported some eighty kilometres to be treated and disposed of by irrigation to land. Several important lessons have been learnt during twenty-five years of operating this system. Firstly the composition of the mixed waste stream has varied significantly with the passage of time and the development of the industrial base in the Valley, so that what was appropriate treatment in 1959 is not necessarily acceptable in 1985. Secondly the magnitude of adverse environmental impacts engendered by this low-cost disposal procedure was not imagined when the proposal was implemented. As a consequence, clean-up procedures which could remedy the adverse effects of twenty-five years of impact are likely to be costly. The question then may be asked - when the total costs including rehabilitation are considered, is there really a low-cost solution for environmentally safe disposal of complex wastewater streams?

Research on highly parallel embedded control system design and implementation method

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Masato Edahiro ◽  
Masaki Gondo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Architecture ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Powertrain Control ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Hardware Description ◽  
Many Core

The pace of technology's advancements is ever-increasing and intelligent systems, such as those found in robots and vehicles, have become larger and more complex. These intelligent systems have a heterogeneous structure, comprising a mixture of modules such as artificial intelligence (AI) and powertrain control modules that facilitate large-scale numerical calculation and real-time periodic processing functions. Information technology expert Professor Masato Edahiro, from the Graduate School of Informatics at the Nagoya University in Japan, explains that concurrent advances in semiconductor research have led to the miniaturisation of semiconductors, allowing a greater number of processors to be mounted on a single chip, increasing potential processing power. 'In addition to general-purpose processors such as CPUs, a mixture of multiple types of accelerators such as GPGPU and FPGA has evolved, producing a more complex and heterogeneous computer architecture,' he says. Edahiro and his partners have been working on the eMBP, a model-based parallelizer (MBP) that offers a mapping system as an efficient way of automatically generating parallel code for multi- and many-core systems. This ensures that once the hardware description is written, eMBP can bridge the gap between software and hardware to ensure that not only is an efficient ecosystem achieved for hardware vendors, but the need for different software vendors to adapt code for their particular platforms is also eliminated.

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