scholarly journals Light Gradient-Based Screening of Arabidopsis thaliana on a 384-Well Type Plant Array Chip

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Youn-Hee Park ◽  
Je-Kyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
White Light ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), as a model for plant research, is widely used for various aspects of plant science. To provide a more sophisticated and microscopic environment for the germination and growth of Arabidopsis, we report a 384-well type plant array chip in which each Arabidopsis seed is independently seeded in a solid medium. The plant array chip is made of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic material and is assembled with a home-made light gradient module to investigate the light effects that significantly affect the germination and growth of Arabidopsis. The light gradient module was used to observe the growth pattern of seedlings according to the intensity of the white light and to efficiently screen for the influence of the white light. To investigate the response to red light (600 nm), which stimulates seed germination, the light gradient module was also applied to the germination test. As a result, the germination results showed that the plant array chip can be used to simultaneously screen wild type seeds and phytochrome B mutant seeds on a single array chip according to the eight red light intensities.

Die Wirkung von Phytochrom auf die Bildung von Einzelcarotinoiden in etiolierten Horde um -Keimlingen / The Influence of Phytochrome on the Formation of Individual Carotenoids in Etiolated Hordeum Seedlings

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans K. Kleudgen ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Short time red pulses, given 6 times for 5 min within 36 h, induce in etiolated barley seedlings an enhanced synthesis of the main chloroplast carotenoids β-carotene, violaxanthine, lutein and neoxanthine. The level of antheraxanthine and zeaxanthine decreases by red light treatment. These red light effects are reverted by subsequent short time far-red pulses. The results show that the white light induced change in the accumulation rate of individual carotenoids is initiated and regulated by active phytochrome Pfr . In the case of neoxanthin and zeaxanthin the red light effects cannot be fully reverted by far-red; this points to very fast phytochrome reaction.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis chloroplast J protein DJC75/CRRJ mediates nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099
Author(s):  
Huai-Syuan Ciou ◽  
Yu-Lun Tsai ◽  
Chi-Chou Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
J Domain ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
J Protein

Abstract Background and Aims Nitrate can stimulate seed germination of many plant species in the absence of light; however, the molecular mechanism of nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark remains largely unclear and no component of this pathway has been identified yet. Here, we show that a plastid J-domain protein, DJC75/CRRJ, in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is important for nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark. Methods The expression of DJC75 during imbibition in the dark was investigated. The seed germination rate of mutants defective in DJC75 was determined in the presence of nitrate when light cues for seed germination were eliminated by the treatment of imbibed seeds with a pulse of far-red light to inactivate phytochrome B (phyB), or by assaying germination in the dark with seeds harbouring the phyB mutation. The germination rates of mutants defective in CRRL, a J-like protein related to DJC75, and in two chloroplast Hsp70s were also measured in the presence of nitrate in darkness. Key Results DJC75 was expressed during seed imbibition in the absence of light. Mutants defective in DJC75 showed seed germination defects in the presence of nitrate when light cues for seed germination were eliminated. Mutants defective in CRRL and in two chloroplast Hsp70s also exhibited similar seed germination defects. Upregulation of gibberellin biosynthetic gene GA3ox1 expression by nitrate in imbibed phyB mutant seeds was diminished when DJC75 was knocked out. Conclusions Our data suggest that plastid J-domain protein DJC75 regulates nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark by upregulation of expression of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene GA3ox1 through an unknown mechanism and that DJC75 may work in concert with chloroplast Hsp70s to regulate nitrate-promoted seed germination. DJC75 is the first pathway component identified for nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark.

Response of the photosynthetic apparatus to UV-A and red light in the phytochrome B-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana L. hy3 mutant

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Kreslavski ◽  
F. J. Schmitt ◽  
C. Keuer ◽  
T. Friedrich ◽  
G. N. Shirshikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Phytochrome B

Red Light Effects on Blue Light–Based Phototropism in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

2014 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Sindelar ◽  
Katherine D. L. Millar ◽  
John Z. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Effects

scholarly journals Response of Arabidopsis hy Mutants Grown in Lower Day/ Higher Night Temperatures (–DIF)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 483D-483
Author(s):  
Gary R. Bachman ◽  
Margaret J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Blue Light Receptor

It is theorized that photomorphogenic reductions in stem elongation are similar to thermomorphogenic plant response, i.e. increased red:far-red light response is similar to –DIF (day temperature < night temperature). The long hypocotyl (hy) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg are phytochrome mutants that are less responsive to light quality than wild type. These include mutants of phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis (hy 1, hy2, hy6), phytochrome B (hy3), blue-light receptor (hy4), and signal transduction (hy5). These mutants were grown in growth chambers with temperatures of 18C day/24C night (–DIF) and 24°C day/18°C night with a 14-h photoperiod. Lighting consisted of both incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Growth measurements of five of the mutants were consistent with reported effects of DIF. The height of these plants were significantly greater in the +DIF regime when compared to –DIF. The hy5 mutant showed little difference in the height measurements of plants grown in either -DIF or +DIF. This mutant has a phytochrome signal transduction deficiency. This result indicates that a functional photoreceptor is required, even in reduced quantities as in the phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis mutants, to signal perception of DIF temperature conditions.

The effects of potassium nitrate and NO-donors on phytochrome A- and phytochrome B-specific induced germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Batak ◽  
Marijana Dević ◽  
Zlatko Gibal ◽  
Dragoljub Grubišić ◽  
Kenneth L. Poff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Phytochrome A ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Treated Seed

AbstractNitrogenous compounds, such as potassium nitrate, potentiate germination of different species of light-requiring seeds. Using light-induced Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination as a model system, our data suggested that only phytochrome A (phyA)-specific induced germination was affected after the exogenous application of nitrates, different nitric oxide (NO)-donors (such as organic nitrates) or sodium nitroprusside. The stimulative effect was very pronounced. Treated seed samples reached maximal germination after very short periods of red-light irradiation. To a far lesser extent, these substances affected phytochrome B (phyB)-specific induced germination. In phyB-specific induced germination, potassium nitrate was most effective, but germination percentages never exceeded 50%. The least effective was sodium nitroprusside, which practically did not affect phyB-specific induced germination. These results were confirmed using corresponding phytochrome mutants.

scholarly journals Interaction between Phytochrome B and Gibberellins in Thermoperiodic Responses of Cucumber

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grete Grindal Patil ◽  
Vibeke Alm ◽  
Roar Moe ◽  
Olavi Junttila
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

The role of phytochrome in control of stem elongation by daily temperature alternations is unclear. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of phytochrome B in thermoperiodism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and the interaction with gibberellin (GA). The wild type and the phytochrome B deficient, long-hypocotyl (lh) cucumber mutant were grown under alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) and either with or without an exposure to end-of-day far-red light (EOD-FR). Without EOD-FR, hypocotyl and internodes of the wild type plants were shorter under a low DT (19 °C)/high NT (25 °C) (negative DIF) compared with a high DT/low NT regime (positive DIF), while the number of leaves was reduced by 12%. EOD-FR enhanced elongation of hypocotyl and internodes. However, EOD-FR reduced the effect of alternating temperature on hypocotyl elongation. The lh cucumber mutant did not respond to EOD-FR treatments, but internode length was slightly increased by positive compared with negative DIF. The results suggest that phytochrome B is required for a maximum effect of daily temperature alternations on stem elongation in cucumber. Additional GA4 reduced the difference between positive and negative DIF, but it had a minor effect only on the difference between EOD-FR and EOD red light (EOD-R) in the wild type. Plants depleted for endogenous GA by the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, did not respond at all to DIF or EOD treatments. When seedlings were treated with prohexadione-calcium, which blocks both biosynthesis and inactivation of GA4, response to applied GA4 was enhanced by EOD-FR. The present results suggest that, in cucumber, EOD-FR, and probably also positive DIF, enhances tissue sensitivity to GA4. In addition, catabolism of GA4 can be enhanced by negative DIF.

scholarly journals Rod substructure in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes: analysis of Synechocystis 6701 mutants low in phycoerythrin.

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Gingrich ◽  
L K Blaha ◽  
A N Glazer
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Type Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Mutant Cells

Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes contain phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin in a molar ratio of approximately 2:2:1, and other polypeptides of 99-, 46-, 33.5-, 31.5-, 30.5-, and 27-kdaltons. Wild-type phycobilisomes consist of a core of three cylindrical elements in an equilateral array surrounded by a fanlike array of six rods each made up of 3-4 stacked disks. Twelve nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants were isolated which produced phycobilisomes containing between 0 and 53% of the wild-type level of phycoerythrin and grossly altered levels of the 30.5- and 31.5-kdalton polypeptides. Assembly defects in these mutant particles were shown to be limited to the phycoerythrin portions of the rod substructures of the phycobilisome. Quantitative analysis of phycobilisomes from wild-type and mutant cells, grown either in white light or chromatically adapted to red light, indicated a molar ratio of the 30.5- and 31.5-kdalton polypeptides to phycoerythrin of 1:6, i.e., one 30.5- or one 31.5-kdaltons polypeptide per (alpha beta)6 phycoerythrin hexamer. Presence of the phycoerythrin-31.5-kdalton complex in phycobilisomes did not require the presence of the 30.5-kdalton polypeptide. The converse situation was not observed. These and earlier studies (R. C. Williams, J. C. Gingrich, and A. N. Glazer. 1980. J. Cell Biol. 85:558-566) show that the average rod in wild type Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes consists of four stacked disk-shaped complexes: phycocyanin (alpha beta)6-27 kdalton, phycocyanin (alpha beta)6-33.5 kdalton, phycoerythrin (alpha beta)6-31.5 kdalton, and phycoerythrin-30.5 kdalton, listed in order starting with the disk proximal to the core.

The short-period mutant, toc1-1, alters circadian clock regulation of multiple outputs throughout development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Somers ◽  
A.A. Webb ◽  
M. Pearson ◽  
S.A. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Log Linear

The coordination of developmental and physiological events with environmental signals is facilitated by the action of the circadian clock. Here we report a new set of circadian clock-controlled phenotypes for Arabidopsis thaliana. We use these markers together with the short-period mutant, toc1-1, and the clock-controlled cab2::luciferase reporter gene to assess the nature of the circadian clock throughout development and to suggest the position of TOC1 within the circadian clock system. In dark-grown seedlings, the toc1-1 lesion conferred a short period to the cycling of cab2::luciferase luminescence, as previously found in light-grown plants, indicating that the circadian clocks in these two divergent developmental states share at least one component. Stomatal conductance rhythms were similarly approximately 3 hours shorter than wild type in toc1-1, suggesting that a cell-autonomous clockwork may be active in guard cells in 5- to 6-week-old leaves. The effect of daylength on flowering time in the C24 ecotype was diminished by toc1-1, and was nearly eliminated in the Landsberg erecta background where the plants flowered equally early in both short and long days. Throughout a 500-fold range of red light intensities, both the wild type and the mutant showed an inverse log-linear relationship of fluence rate to period, with a 2–3 hour shorter period for the mutant at all intensities. These results indicate that TOC1 acts on or within the clock independently of light input. Temperature entrainment appears normal in toc1-1, and the period-shortening effects of the mutant remain unchanged over a 20 degrees C temperature range. Taken together our results are consistent with the likelihood that TOC1 codes for an oscillator component rather than for an element of an input signaling pathway. In addition, the pervasive effect of toc1-1 on a variety of clock-controlled processes throughout development suggests that a single circadian system is primarily responsible for controlling most, if not all, circadian rhythms in the plant.

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