scholarly journals Auxiliary Optomechanical Tools for 3D Cell Manipulation

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Shishkin ◽  
Hen Markovich ◽  
Yael Roichman ◽  
Pavel Ginzburg
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Cell Manipulation ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
3D Manipulation ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

Advances in laser and optoelectronic technologies have brought the general concept of optomechanical manipulation to the level of standard biophysical tools, paving the way towards controlled experiments and measurements of tiny mechanical forces. Recent developments in direct laser writing (DLW) have enabled the realization of new types of micron-scale optomechanical tools, capable of performing designated functions. Here we further develop the concept of DLW-fabricated optomechanically-driven tools and demonstrate full-3D manipulation capabilities over biological objects. In particular, we resolved the long-standing problem of out-of-plane rotation in a pure liquid, which was demonstrated on a living cell, clamped between a pair of forks, designed for efficient manipulation with holographic optical tweezers. The demonstrated concept paves the way for the realization of flexible tools for performing on-demand functions over biological objects, such as cell tomography and surgery to name just few.

Investigation of Automated Cell Manipulation in Optical Tweezers-Assisted Microfluidic Chamber Using Simulations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Chowdhury ◽  
Petr Svec ◽  
Chenlu Wang ◽  
Kevin T. Seale ◽  
John P. Wikswo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
High Precision ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Cell Manipulation ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Microfluidic Chamber ◽  
Manipulation Process

Microfluidic devices are well suited for the study of biological objects because of their indirect nature of manipulation and high throughput. However, the cell manipulation process solely depends on the fluid flow and hence precise control is difficult to attain inside a microfluidic chamber. Utilizing optical tweezers as a complementary tool provides precise manipulation control. We have presented an automated cell manipulation approach using optical tweezers operating inside a microfluidic chamber. To test and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach we have developed a physics-based simulator that is completely automated and allows high precision of manipulation.

scholarly journals Optical tweezers for single cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 671-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Kuo-Kang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Manipulation ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Force Resolution ◽  
Foreign Materials

Optical tweezers (OT) have emerged as an essential tool for manipulating single biological cells and performing sophisticated biophysical/biomechanical characterizations. Distinct advantages of using tweezers for these characterizations include non-contact force for cell manipulation, force resolution as accurate as 100 aN and amiability to liquid medium environments. Their wide range of applications, such as transporting foreign materials into single cells, delivering cells to specific locations and sorting cells in microfluidic systems, are reviewed in this article. Recent developments of OT for nanomechanical characterization of various biological cells are discussed in terms of both their theoretical and experimental advancements. The future trends of employing OT in single cells, especially in stem cell delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are prospected. More importantly, current limitations and future challenges of OT for these new paradigms are also highlighted in this review.

Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics and Recent Developments in ESI, MALDI and other Ionization Methodologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain Farooq ◽  
Noor ul Haq ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Sara Aimen ◽  
Muhammad Inam ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Desorption Electrospray Ionization ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

Background: Mass spectrometry is a tool used in analytical chemistry to identify components in a chemical compound and it is of tremendous importance in the field of biology for high throughput analysis of biomolecules, among which protein is of great interest. Objective: Advancement in proteomics based on mass spectrometry has led the way to quantify multiple protein complexes, and proteins interactions with DNA/RNA or other chemical compounds which is a breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics. Methods: Many new technologies have been introduced in electrospray ionization (ESI) and Matrixassisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) techniques which have enhanced sensitivity, resolution and many other key features for the characterization of proteins. Results: The advent of ambient mass spectrometry and its different versions like Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI), DART and ELDI has brought a huge revolution in proteomics research. Different imaging techniques are also introduced in MS to map proteins and other significant biomolecules. These drastic developments have paved the way to analyze large proteins of >200kDa easily. Conclusion: Here, we discuss the recent advancement in mass spectrometry, which is of great importance and it could lead us to further deep analysis of the molecules from different perspectives and further advancement in these techniques will enable us to find better ways for prediction of molecules and their behavioral properties.

The Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents in the Context of Employment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

‘Ordinary’ employment contracts—including those of domestic servants—have been deemed to attract diplomatic immunity because they fall within the scope of diplomatic functions. This chapter highlights the potential for conflict between these forms of immunity and the rights of the employees, and reflects on cases in which personal servants of diplomatic agents have challenged both the existence of immunity and the scope of its application. The chapter examines claims that the exercise of diplomatic immunity might violate the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the way in which courts have dealt with these issues. The chapter analyses diplomats’ own employment claims and notes that they are usually blocked by the assertion of immunity, but also reflects on more recent developments in which claims had been considered which were incidental to diplomatic employment (eg Nigeria v Ogbonna [2012]).

Molecular Motors: Force and Movement Generated by Single Myosin II Molecules

Physiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Rüegg ◽  
Claudia Veigel ◽  
Justin E. Molloy ◽  
Stephan Schmitz ◽  
John C. Sparrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Myosin Isoforms ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Muscle myosin II is an ATP-driven, actin-based molecular motor. Recent developments in optical tweezers technology have made it possible to study movement and force production on the single-molecule level and to find out how different myosin isoforms may have adapted to their specific physiological roles.

The Role of Data Analytics and Machine Learning in Resurrecting Inductive-Based Accounting Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of data analytics (DA) and machine learning (ML) on accounting research.[1] As discussed in the paper, the inherent inductive nature of DA and ML is creating an important trend in the way accounting research is being conducted. That trend is the increasing utilization of inductive-based research among accounting researchers. Indeed, as a result of the recent developments with DA and ML, a rebalancing is taking place between inductive-based and deductive-based research in accounting.[2] In essence, we are witnessing the resurrection of inductive-based accounting research. A brief review of some empirical evidence to support the above argument is also provided in the paper.   

Reading Milton through a Feminist Jungian Lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Roula-Maria Dib
Keyword(s):  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Novel Reading ◽  
Initial Reading ◽  
The Way

Abstract My article re-reads John Milton’s Paradise Lost through a feminist post-Jungian perspective; the study will observe the implications of contemporary Jungian critical approaches toward Milton’s portrayal of Eve, who helps Adam find ‘a paradise within …, happier far’ (PL 12. 587). I will first highlight the negative portrayal of an evil, intellectually inferior Eve in Paradise Lost, and ultimately re-reading the poem—and the role of Eve in it—from the perspective of a feminist Jung. The initial reading of Paradise Lost, in which Eve was regarded as inferior and complementary to Adam, reflects Jung’s criticized notion that the anima’s role is to complement a man’s psychology. This, however, can be read differently through a post-Jungian feminist perspective. From this new viewpoint, Eve can be regarded as Adam’s equal, rather than an inferior company, and a catalyst in their ‘coniunctio’, in which they both individuate (rather than Eve, the anima be subservient to Adam’s individuation) in Paradise Lost. Despite the vast differences between John Milton’s and Carl Jung’s cultural and historical backgrounds, this novel reading of Paradise Lost in context of revisions to Jung’s anima theory and theory of individuation offers a more positive view on the poet’s depiction of Eve in keeping with more recent developments in Milton scholarship, which have drawn attention to the way the text questions conventions of gender hierarchy and patriarchy.

Reliability and Validity

2016 ◽  
pp. 408-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul De Boeck ◽  
Paula Elosua
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Educational Testing ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Psychometric Models ◽  
The Way

Chapter 28 describes the evolution of the two most important concepts in psychometrics and for psychological and educational testing: reliability and validity. Between the publication of the first psychological tests and the most recent developments, the scientific, professional, and ethical requirements demanded by testing have largely evolved. Also the scientific disciplines of psychology and education and the practice based on these disciplines are no longer the same as early in their history. Psychometric models have changed, theories have changed, and the problems and requirements made by psychological and educational practice have changed. It does therefore not surprise that the notions of reliability and validity have also evolved. The aim of this chapter is to offer a historical and conceptual view of both these notions, to discuss some approaches in the investigation of reliability and validity, and to formulate some considerations on the way the two notions have evolved.

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