scholarly journals A Tuning Fork Gyroscope with a Polygon-Shaped Vibration Beam

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Zhanqiang Hou ◽  
Yunbin Kuang ◽  
Tongqiao Miao ◽  
Fenlan Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Bias Instability

In this paper, a tuning fork gyroscope with a polygon-shaped vibration beam is proposed. The vibration structure of the gyroscope consists of a polygon-shaped vibration beam, two supporting beams, and four vibration masts. The spindle azimuth of the vibration beam is critical for performance improvement. As the spindle azimuth increases, the proposed vibration structure generates more driving amplitude and reduces the initial capacitance gap, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the gyroscope. However, after taking the driving amplitude and the driving voltage into consideration comprehensively, the optimized spindle azimuth of the vibration beam is designed in an appropriate range. Then, both wet etching and dry etching processes are applied to its manufacture. After that, the fabricated gyroscope is packaged in a vacuum ceramic tube after bonding. Combining automatic gain control and weak capacitance detection technology, the closed-loop control circuit of the drive mode is implemented, and high precision output circuit is achieved for the gyroscope. Finally, the proposed Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscope system demonstrates a bias instability of 0.589°/h, an angular random walk (ARW) of 0.038°/√h, and a bandwidth of greater than 100 Hz in a full scale range of ± 200°/s at room temperature.

Actuation of a Frequency Modulated MEMS Gyroscope

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Xie ◽  
Sangtak Park ◽  
Eihab Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Mustafa Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Mems Gyroscope ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Rlc Circuit ◽  
Drive Circuit

This paper describes an analog actuation circuit for a novel frequency-modulated MEMS gyroscope. The circuit provides an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal as the input into a RLC resonant drive circuit, which drives the gyroscope. The actuation system is composed an automatic gain control (AGC) loop, a low pass filter, an amplitude modulation component and a resonant drive circuit. The AM signal is composed of a modulating signal that excite a natural frequency of gyroscope drive mode and a carrier signal with a frequency corresponding to the electrical resonant frequency of the RLC circuit. Both feedforward and feedback AGC configurations are used to stabilize the envelope of the signal. However, the breadboard implementations of the feedforward and feedback circuits in their current configurations have similar signal to noise ratio to that of the function generator. To improve the actuation circuit performance, we plan to include the resonant drive circuit within the AGC feedback loop and implement the actuation circuit on PCB.

scholarly journals Intensity of Satellite Radar-Altimeter Return Power Over Continental Ice: A Potential Measurement of Katabatic Wind Intensity

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Remy ◽  
C. Brossier ◽  
J.F. Minster
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Katabatic Wind ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Wind Intensity

AbstractWe analyse, above continental ice, the various factors which affect the power return of the Seasat radar altimeter as measured by its Automatic Gain Control (AGC). Corrections of effects due to the AGC loop control are first applied. AGC is then normalized by positioning the half-power point at the middle of the instrument receiving window. This operation is valid for both surface and volume scattering. Over a part of Antarctica between long. 90° and 150°E., the remaining variations of AGC are of the order of 15 dB. Most of these variations occur on a large scale (>100km) and are correlated with the katabatic wind intensity. This indicates that AGC measures either surface roughness of the ice, which is related to wind intensity, or grain-size which could also be dependent on the wind. In-situ measurements support the evidence that the radar altimeter is more sensitive to surface scattering. These data could therefore provide a measurement of the intensity of katabatic winds over the continental ice.

Simulation and Signal Processing of a Decoupled Bulk-Micromachined Z-Axis Gyroscope

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Cui ◽  
Xiaozhu Chi ◽  
Haitao Ding ◽  
Guizhen Yan
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Is Design ◽  
Bias Compensation

In this paper, a kind of control strategy with an effective zero bias compensation method for a symmetrical and highly doubly decoupled bulk micromachined single crystal z-axis gyroscope is presented with the details. Simulation of behavior level with Labview are carried on before the real signal processing. In order to realize the closed loop control and self-oscillation, an automatic gain control (AGC) model is constructed and simulated with the sense axis signal processing. A measurement system is design to test the performance of the gyroscope. The drive and the sense mode resonant frequencies are measured to be 3.044 kHz and 3.258 kHz respectively which agrees well with the simulation results. The scale factor is 0.21mv/deg/s in the range of ±500deg/ s with the non-linearity 0.7% at atmospheric pressure. The test results also reveal that the gyroscope can provide a rate resolution approximately 0.011deg/s in 10Hz bandwidth.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Wireless Monitoring of Human Respiratory Movements Using UWB Impulse Radar Systems

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Liang ◽  
Yuankai Wang ◽  
Shiyou Wu ◽  
Thomas Gulliver
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Slope ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Radar Systems

This paper analyzes and discusses the capability of human being detection using impulse ultra-wideband (UWB) radar with an improved detection algorithm. The multiple automatic gain control (AGC) technique is employed to enhance the amplitudes of human respiratory signals. Two filters with seven values averaged are used to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the human respiratory signals. The maximum slope and standard deviation are used for analyzing the characteristics of the received pulses, which can provide two distance estimates for human being detection. Most importantly, based on the two distance estimates, we can accurately judge whether there are human beings in the detection environments or not. The data size can be reduced based on the defined interested region, which can improve the operation efficiency of the radar system for human being detection. The developed algorithm provides excellent performance regarding human being detection, which is validated through comparison with several well-known algorithms.

scholarly journals Intensity of Satellite Radar-Altimeter Return Power Over Continental Ice: A Potential Measurement of Katabatic Wind Intensity

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Remy ◽  
C. Brossier ◽  
J.F. Minster
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Katabatic Wind ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Wind Intensity

AbstractWe analyse, above continental ice, the various factors which affect the power return of the Seasat radar altimeter as measured by its Automatic Gain Control (AGC). Corrections of effects due to the AGC loop control are first applied. AGC is then normalized by positioning the half-power point at the middle of the instrument receiving window. This operation is valid for both surface and volume scattering. Over a part of Antarctica between long. 90° and 150°E., the remaining variations of AGC are of the order of 15 dB. Most of these variations occur on a large scale (>100km) and are correlated with the katabatic wind intensity. This indicates that AGC measures either surface roughness of the ice, which is related to wind intensity, or grain-size which could also be dependent on the wind.In-situmeasurements support the evidence that the radar altimeter is more sensitive to surface scattering. These data could therefore provide a measurement of the intensity of katabatic winds over the continental ice.

scholarly journals Expanding Bias-instability of MEMS Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer Utilizing AC Polarization and Self-Compensation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Guoming Xia ◽  
Qin Shi ◽  
Anping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical System ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Front End ◽  
Compensation Technique ◽  
Bias Instability ◽  
Gate Size

This paper presents a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer (SOA) with AC (alternating current) polarization to expand its bias-instability limited by the up-converted 1/f noise from front-end transimpedance amplifier (TIA). In contrast to the conventional DC (direct current) scheme, AC polarization breaks the trade-off between input transistor gate size and white noise floor of TIA, a relative low input loading capacitance can be implemented for low noise consideration. Besides, a self-compensation technique combining polarization source and reference in automatic-gain-control (AGC) is put forward. It cancels the 1/f noise and drift introduced by the polarization source itself, which applies to both DC and AC polarization cases. The experimental result indicates the proposed AC polarization and self-compensation strategy expand the bias-instability of studied SOA from 2.58 μg to 0.51 μg with a full scale of ± 30 g, a 155.6 dB dynamic range is realized in this work.

Analysis and Design of Drive Closed-Loop for MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope

2010 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 406-411
Author(s):  
Liang Yang ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
An Ping Qiu ◽  
Qin Shi ◽  
Xin Hua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Vibratory Gyroscope ◽  
The Stability

The principle of drive closed-loop for tuning fork comb MEMS vibratory gyroscope is analyzed. The core of the closed-loop is to keep the vibration speed stable by adding driving force offset the damping force. The closed-loop with a single Automatic Gain Control (AGC) loop is chosen to maintain the vibration speed stable, and then the closed-loop with AGC is analyzed to obtain its transfer function. The transfer function simplifies the nonlinear AGC system to a linear system which is easy analyzed its parameters impacting the system. The values of two important parameters of AGC were chosen via simulation. The whole closed-loop system was simulated in SIMULINK. The circuit is built and tested in accordance with the theory of analysis and simulation. Experimental results demonstrate that the stability of the amplitude of vibration speed is 90ppm; and that of the frequency of vibration speed is 114ppm.

scholarly journals Measuring Current in a Power Converter Using Fuzzy Automatic Gain Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5793
Author(s):  
Bartosz Dominikowski
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Programmable Gain ◽  
Electric Loads

The accuracy of current measurements can be increased by appropriate amplification of the signal to within the measurement range. Accurate current measurement is important for energy monitoring and in power converter control systems. Resistance and inductive current transducers are used to measure the major current in AC/DC power converters. The output value of the current transducer depends on the load motor, and changes across the whole measurement range. Modern current measurement circuits are equipped with operational amplifiers with constant or programmable gain. These circuits are not able to measure small input currents with high resolution. This article proposes a precise loop gain system that can be implemented with various algorithms. Computer analysis of various automatic gain control (AGC) systems proved the effectiveness of the Mamdani controller, which was implemented in an MCU (microprocessor). The proposed fuzzy controller continuously determines the value of the conversion factor. The system also enables high resolution measurements of the current emitted from small electric loads (≥1 A) when the electric motor is stationary.

scholarly journals Automatic Detection Technology of Sonar Image Target Based on the Three-Dimensional Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzeng Kong ◽  
Jinshuai Yu ◽  
Ying Cheng ◽  
Weihua Cong ◽  
Huanhuan Xue
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Image Detection ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sonar Image ◽  
Detection Technology

With 3D imaging of the multisonar beam and serious interference of image noise, detecting objects based only on manual operation is inefficient and also not conducive to data storage and maintenance. In this paper, a set of sonar image automatic detection technologies based on 3D imaging is developed to satisfy the actual requirements in sonar image detection. Firstly, preprocessing was conducted to alleviate the noise and then the approximate position of object was obtained by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of each target. Secondly, the separation of water bodies and strata is realized by maximum variance between clusters (OTSU) since there exist obvious differences between these two areas. Thus image segmentation can be easily implemented on both. Finally, the feature extraction is carried out, and the multidimensional Bayesian classification model is established to do classification. Experimental results show that the sonar-image-detection technology can effectively detect the target and meet the requirements of practical applications.

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