scholarly journals Scalable Fabrication and Testing Processes for Three-Layer Multi-Color Segmented Electrowetting Display

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guisong Yang ◽  
Biao Tang ◽  
Dong Yuan ◽  
Alex Henzen ◽  
Guofu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Aperture Ratio ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Three Layer Architecture ◽  
Full Investigation

Colorful electrowetting displays (EWD) present many challenges, such as scalability and electro-optical performance improvement (e.g., brightness, color gamut, and contrast ratio). The first full investigation of scalable fabrication and testing processes for multi-color segmented EWD with potentially unprecedented electro-optical performance is proposed. A three-layer architecture is employed to achieve colorful EWD, where the key components are three primary color layers (cyan, magenta, and yellow), switched independently. Unlike previous reports referred to herein, which used the same fabrication and testing processes for each layer, this architecture facilitates a uniform performance, improves yield, and simplifies the process for colorful EWD. With an aperture ratio greater than 80%, National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) color gamut area greater than 63%, switching speed lower than 12 ms, and DC driving voltage below 22V, the testing results of colorful EWD are proven successfully by using our proposed processes. The processes investigated in this paper have greatly improved efficiency, suitable for a high-volume of full-color EWD.

scholarly journals A Combined Pulse Driving Waveform With Rising Gradient for Improving the Aperture Ratio of Electrowetting Displays

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Tian ◽  
Pengfei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Aperture Ratio ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Display Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Driving Waveform

As a reflective display technology, electrowetting displays (EWDs) have the advantages of paper-like display, low power consumption, fast response, and full color, but the aperture ratio of EWDs is seriously affected by oil dispersion and charge trapping. In order to improve the aperture ratio and optimize the display performance of EWDs, a combined pulse driving waveform with rising gradient design was proposed. First, an initial driving voltage was established by the threshold voltage of oil film rupture (Vth). And then, a rising gradient was designed to prevent oil from dispersing. At last, the oil splitting and movement were controlled to achieve the target aperture combined with the pulse waveform. Experimental results showed that the oil dispersion of EWDs can be effectively improved by using the proposed driving waveform, the aperture ratio of EWDs was increased by 3.16%, and the stability was increased by 71.43%.

Color Switchable Goggle Lens Based on Electrochromic Polymer Devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Chunye Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Polymer Devices ◽  
High Flexibility

AbstractWe have developed a set of new electrochromic devices (ECDs) for special application goggles, whose color can be switched between transparent and a specific color mode, i.e. blue (B). This paper will discuss the design, film deposition, device assembly and characterizations of the color switchable lens. The ECD is composed of a layer of thin film conducting polymer poly (3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProDOT-Me2), a layer of thin film inorganic oxide V2O5-TiO2, and a layer of ionic conductive electrolyte. The thin films are electrochemically deposited on ITO coated flexible plastic substrate. The whole device is packaged with an UV cured flexible film sealant. The goggle lens exhibit tuneable shade in visible light wave length (380-800nm), with a maximum contrast ratio at 580nm. Meanwhile, other unique properties include fast switching speed, low driving voltage, memory function (no power needed after switching, bistable), great durability, high flexibility, light weight, and inexpensiveness.

Silicon nanostructure-doped polymer/nematic liquid crystal composites for low voltage-driven smart windows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemin He ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Yuzhen Zhao ◽  
Yanfang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Silicon Nanostructures ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Smart Windows

Abstract In this work, two silicon nanostructures were doped into polymer/nematic liquid crystal composites to regulate the electric-optical performance. Commercial SiO2 nanoparticles and synthesized thiol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-SH) were chosen as the dopants to afford the silicon nanostructures. SiO2 nanoparticles were physically dispersed in the composites and the nanostructure from POSS-SH was implanted into the polymer matrix of the composites via photoinduced thiol-ene crosslinking. SEM results indicated that the implantation of POSS microstructure into the polymer matrix was conducive to obtaining the uniform porous polymer microstructures in the composites while the introduction of SiO2 nanoparticles led to the loose and heterogeneous polymer morphologies. The electric-optical performance test results also demonstrated that the electric-optical performance regulation effect of POSS microstructure was more obvious than that of SiO2 nanoparticles. The driving voltage was reduced by almost 80% if the concentration of POSS-SH in the composite was nearly 8 wt% and the sample could be completely driven by the electric field whose voltage was lower than the safe voltage for continuous contact (24 V). This work could provide a creative approach for the regulation of electric-optical performance for polymer/nematic liquid crystal composites and the fabrication of low voltage-driven PDLC films for smart windows.

scholarly journals Scalable electrochromic nanopixels using plasmonics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. eaaw2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialong Peng ◽  
Hyeon-Ho Jeong ◽  
Qianqi Lin ◽  
Sean Cormier ◽  
Hsin-Ling Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Flat Panel Display ◽  
Color Gamut ◽  
Optical Contrast ◽  
Bistable Behavior ◽  
Ultralow Energy ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Strong Scattering ◽  
Metallic Mirror

Plasmonic metasurfaces are a promising route for flat panel display applications due to their full color gamut and high spatial resolution. However, this plasmonic coloration cannot be readily tuned and requires expensive lithographic techniques. Here, we present scalable electrically driven color-changing metasurfaces constructed using a bottom-up solution process that controls the crucial plasmonic gaps and fills them with an active medium. Electrochromic nanoparticles are coated onto a metallic mirror, providing the smallest-area active plasmonic pixels to date. These nanopixels show strong scattering colors and are electrically tunable across >100-nm wavelength ranges. Their bistable behavior (with persistence times exceeding hundreds of seconds) and ultralow energy consumption (9 fJ per pixel) offer vivid, uniform, nonfading color that can be tuned at high refresh rates (>50 Hz) and optical contrast (>50%). These dynamics scale from the single nanoparticle level to multicentimeter scale films in subwavelength thickness devices, which are a hundredfold thinner than current displays.

scholarly journals Driving Waveform Design of Electrowetting Displays Based on an Exponential Function for a Stable Grayscale and a Short Driving Time

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichuan Yi ◽  
Zhenyu Huang ◽  
Shufa Lai ◽  
Wenyao He ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Waveform Design ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Aperture Ratio ◽  
Driving Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Driving Waveform

The traditional driving waveform of the electrowetting display (EWD) has many disadvantages, such as the large oscillation of the target grayscale aperture ratio and a long time for achieving grayscale. Therefore, a driving waveform based on the exponential function was proposed in this study. First, the maximum driving voltage value of 30 V was obtained by testing the hysteresis curve of the EWD pixel unit. Secondly, the influence of the time constant on the driving waveform was analyzed, and the optimal time constant of the exponential function was designed by testing the performance of the aperture ratio. Lastly, an EWD panel was used to test the driving effect of the exponential-function-driving waveform. The experimental results showed that a stable grayscale and a short driving time could be realized when the appropriate time constant value was designed for driving EWDs. The aperture ratio oscillation range of the gray scale could be reduced within 0.95%, and the driving time of a stable grayscale was reduced by 30% compared with the traditional driving waveform.

scholarly journals Aperture Ratio Improvement by Optimizing the Voltage Slope and Reverse Pulse in the Driving Waveform for Electrowetting Displays

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichuan Yi ◽  
Wenyong Feng ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Liming Liu ◽  
Yue Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflection Point ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Hysteresis Characteristic ◽  
Aperture Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Display ◽  
Capacitance Voltage ◽  
Reverse Pulse ◽  
Driving Waveform

Electrowetting display (EWD) performance is severely affected by ink distribution and charge trapping in pixel cells. Therefore, a multi structural driving waveform is proposed for improving the aperture ratio of EWDs. In this paper, the hysteresis characteristic (capacitance–voltage, C-V) curve of the EWD pixel is tested and analyzed for obtaining the driving voltage value at the inflection point of the driving waveform. In the composition of driving waveform, a voltage slope is designed for preventing ink dispersion and a reverse pulse is designed for releasing the trapped charge which is caused by hysteresis characteristic. Finally, the frequency and the duty cycle of the driving waveform are optimized for the max aperture ratio by a series of testing. The experimental results show that the proposed driving waveform can improve the ink dispersion behavior, and the aperture ratio of the EWD is about 8% higher than the conventional driving waveform. At the same time, the response speed of the driving waveform can satisfy the dynamic display in EWDs, which provides a new idea for the design of the EWD driving scheme.

44.2: 512PPI Mobile Displays with High Aperture Ratio, Slim Border, and High Color Gamut

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 631-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsien Lee ◽  
Hsiao-Wen Wang ◽  
Yi-Wen Chang ◽  
Chia-Hao Wu ◽  
Jia-Hong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Gamut ◽  
Aperture Ratio

Fast-Switching, High-Contrast Electrochromic Thin Films Prepared Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Charged Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime C. Grunlan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Poly Ethylene

ABSTRACTThin films were prepared by depositing alternating layers of tungstate anion (WO42-) and poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) (PVP-S) onto an electrode from aqueous solutions. These films have very high contrast (CR > 8) relative to equivalent films prepared using poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), but suffer from slow color change due to poor electrical conductivity. The switching time of the tungstate-based films was decreased by an order of magnitude, from 30 seconds down to three, by adding layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) particles stabilized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). In this case, a four-layer repeating structure was created (i.e., PVP-S and PDDA-ITO were each deposited every fourth layer). Unlike tungstate, ITO has a high intrinsic conductivity (∼ 104 S/cm) that accounts for the dramatic increase in the switching speed. It is only through the nanometer-scale control of film architecture, provided with the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process, that switching speed and contrast ratio can be optimized simultaneously.

29.1: Full Color Active Matrix OLED Displays with High Aperture Ratio

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan lochwitz - Nimoth ◽  
Julia Brandt ◽  
Michael Hofmann ◽  
Jan Birnstock ◽  
Martin Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Matrix ◽  
Aperture Ratio ◽  
Full Color
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