scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling Reveals Distinct Modulation of Complex Metabolic Networks in Non-Pigmented, Black, and Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Tae Jin Kim ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Sun-Hyung Lim ◽  
Sun-Hwa Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Low Levels

Comprehensive profiling of primary and secondary metabolites was performed to understand metabolic differences associated with color formation in pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.). Overall, 110 metabolites from non-pigmented, black, and red rice cultivars were identified. Black and red rice contained high levels of flavonoids associated with plant color. Black rice also contained high levels of terpenoids (carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and monoterpenes). The non-pigmented rice contained relatively low levels of secondary metabolites. Multivariate and pathway analyses were performed to data-mine the metabolite profiles. Hierarchical clustering analysis of correlation coefficients revealed metabolite clusters based on nitrogen and carbon sources. These clusters suggested a negative correlation between nitrogen and carbon. Pathway analysis revealed that black rice was rich in carbon-based secondary metabolites, with relatively low levels of primary metabolites compared with other rice cultivars. These data highlight the complex interactions between nitrogen and carbon metabolism of primary and secondary metabolites in rice. For the first time, the relationships and metabolic differences in terpenoid content (monoterpenes, triterpenes, and tetraterpenes) of non-pigmented and pigmented rice cultivars were analyzed. These findings should greatly contribute to the understanding of pigmented rice metabolome and inform breeding programs for new rice cultivars.

scholarly journals NMR metabolite comparison of local pigmented rice in Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dio N. Wijaya ◽  
Febri Adi Susanto ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Dyah Ismoyowati ◽  
Tri Rini Nuringtyas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Score Plot ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Pigmented rice may have a black or red color due to higher anthocyanin content in its grain. A natural antioxidant, many studies on anthocyanin have reported its positive effects on human health. This fact has spurred the development of pigmented rice as a functional food. This study aimed to compare the metabolite profiles of black and red rice. Three black rice cultivars, namely Melik, Pari Ireng, and Cempo Ireng Sleman, and two red rice cultivars, Inpari 24 and RC 204, were used. After husk removal, grain samples were ground in liquid nitrogen and dried with a freeze dryer. The dried samples were extracted using 50% MeOD4 (in a D2O phosphate buffer pH 6 containing 0.01% TSP as an internal standard). Metabolomic analysis was performed using 500 MHz NMR followed by multivariate data analysis. An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model ađer PCA was constructed to discriminate between the five different cultivars. The resulting OPLS-DA score plot revealed a clear separation between black rice and red rice. The metabolites that could influence the separation of red rice and black rice were valine, threonine, alanine, glutamate, galactinol, β-glucose, α-glucose, raffinose, and fumaric acid.

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization and Vesicular Structures of Anthocyanin Pigmentation by Fluorescence Imaging of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stigma Protoplast

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Enerand Mackon ◽  
Yafei Ma ◽  
Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽  
Qiufeng Li ◽  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Black Rice

Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoid compounds broadly distributed in plant species responsible for attractive colors. In black rice (Oryza sativa L.), they are present in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. However, there is still no scientific evidence supporting the existence of compartmentalization and trafficking of anthocyanin inside the cells. In the current study, we took advantage of autofluorescence with anthocyanin’s unique excitation/emission properties to elucidate the subcellular localization of anthocyanin and report on the in planta characterization of anthocyanin prevacuolar vesicles (APV) and anthocyanic vacuolar inclusion (AVI) structure. Protoplasts were isolated from the stigma of black and brown rice and imaging using a confocal microscope. Our result showed the fluorescence displaying magenta color in purple stigma and no fluorescence in white stigma when excitation was provided by a helium–neon 552 nm and emission long pass 610–670 nm laser. The fluorescence was distributed throughout the cell, mainly in the central vacuole. Fluorescent images revealed two pools of anthocyanin inside the cells. The diffuse pools were largely found inside the vacuole lumen, while the body structures could be observed mostly inside the cytoplasm (APV) and slightly inside the vacuole (AVI) with different shapes, sizes, and color intensity. Based on their sizes, AVI could be grouped into small (Ф < 0.5 um), middle (Ф between 0.5 and 1 um), and large size (Ф > 1 um). Together, these results provided evidence about the sequestration and trafficking of anthocyanin from the cytoplasm to the central vacuole and the existence of different transport mechanisms of anthocyanin. Our results suggest that stigma cells are an excellent system for in vivo studying of anthocyanin in rice and provide a good foundation for understanding anthocyanin metabolism in plants, sequestration, and trafficking in black rice.

scholarly journals Performance of the agronomic traits of six advanced promising lines of red rice (oryza sativa l.) grown on the paddy field

2021 ◽  
Vol 681 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
G R Sadimantara ◽  
E Febrianti ◽  
LO Afa ◽  
S Leomo ◽  
Muhidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Red Rice

The effect of harvest date on yield loss of long and short-grain rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 126382
Author(s):  
Jinwu Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Mediated Transformation of rolC::Hd3a-GFP in Black Rice (Oryza Sativa L. cv. Cempo Ireng) to Promote Early Flowering

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Resta Dewi Komala Sari ◽  
Lisa Novita Anggraeni ◽  
Aries Bagus Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Black Rice
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