scholarly journals Investigating the Influence of Process Parameters on the Structural Integrity of an Additively Manufactured Nickel-Based Superalloy

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Hani Hilal ◽  
Robert Lancaster ◽  
Dave Stapleton ◽  
Gavin Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heat Treated Condition ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
The Impact

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a novel near net shape manufacturing technology that joins metallic powders layer upon layer in conjunction with 3D model data and as such offers tremendous potential to a wide range of industrial sectors given its ability to produce highly intricate components with very little material wastage. Subsequently, the aerospace industry has become particularly interested in utilising AM as a means of manufacturing nickel-based superalloys for high-temperature applications, such as non-rotating components within gas turbine engines, which are traditionally fabricated through traditional cast and wrought methodologies. As a result of this, a detailed understanding of the influence of key process variables on the structural integrity of the different experimental builds is required. A semi-empirical quantitative approach for melt track analysis has been conducted and the impact on melt track sizing and defect forming mechanisms in the as-built and heat-treated condition is investigated.

Variations in Fracture Toughness for Alloy 718 Given a Modified Heat Treatment

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Mills ◽  
L. D. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Percent Confidence Level ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Heat Treated Condition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Forms

Heat-to-heat and product-form variations in the JIC fracture toughness for Alloy 718 were characterized at 24, 427, and 538°C using the multiple-specimen JR-curve method. Six different material heats along with three product forms from one of the heats were tested in the modified heat treated condition. This heat treatment was developed at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to improve the impact toughness for Alloy 718 weldments, but it has also been found to enhance the fracture resistance for the base metal. Statistical analysis of test results revealed four distinguishable JIC levels with mean toughness levels ranging from 87 to 190 kJ/m2 at 24°C. At 538°C, JIC values were 15 to 20 percent lower than room temperature toughness levels. Minimum expected values of JIC (ranging from 72 kJ/m2 at 24°C to 48 kJ/m2 at 538°C) and dJR/da (27 MPa at 24 to 538°C) were established based on tolerance intervals bracketing 90 percent of the lowest JIC and dJR/da populations at a 95 percent confidence level. Metallographic and fractographic examinations were performed to relate key microstructural features and operative fracture mechanisms to macroscopic properties.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Lotka-Volter’s Model using in the Area of Environmentalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Gabriel Fedorko ◽  
Vieroslav Molnár
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Impact

Environmental problems are becoming more and more important in all industrial sectors. This trend is closely linked to the increase of the number and extent of solved tasks and problems. Often these are complex problems that involve the impact of a wide range of different factors. Traditional conventional methods are not suitable for their solutions. Contrary, the use of simulation and optimization tools is very effective. Their application is based on attested formulas and models, for example, the model of Lotka-Volter. It is a continuous model of system dynamics, which is used successfully in various areas. Within the frame of environmentalism, it could find application in suitable simulation tools in the questions of a solution of the problem of water and water courses protection.

Small Scale testing of Nickel-based Superalloys produced by ALM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hani Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range

Nickel-based superalloys exhibit an impressive range of mechanical properties, from high temperature strength and toughness to excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance. It is for these reasons that they are heavily incorporated in a wide range of industrial sectors, particularly the aerospace industry where they are extensively utilised within the combustor and turbine section of a holistic gas turbine engine, where temperatures often reach arduous conditions. Although nickel-based superalloys are typically manufactured using traditional cast and wrought methodologies, the aerospace industry is becoming increasingly interested in the use of alternative manufacturing methods in an attempt to further drive gas turbine development through weight reduction and increased Turbine Entry Temperatures (TET). As such, interest regarding the use of near-net shape manufacturing technologies such as Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) has risen in parallel, but concerns have arisen given the metallurgical complexity of the process and the prevalence of phenomena such as anisotropic behaviour, residual stressing and structural integrity. This thesis has investigated the influence of key process parameters and variables on the mechanical and microstructural behaviour of the two-contrasting nickel-based superalloys, CM247LC and IN718. A novel miniaturised mechanical testing method, Small Punch (SP), in combination with in-depth material characterisation techniques was implemented on a series of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) variants of differing build orientation and parameter selections. In addition to this, a robust analytical methodology was employed on a series of LPBF variants in order to ascertain process parameters’ influence on melt pool profile and both alloys relative propensity for defect formation. The findings of this work will help further the understanding of parameter selection and support a key development strategy being implemented by Rolls-Royce plc. regarding the safe incorporation of additive components into service.

Superplastic Blow Forming of Aerospace Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 819-822
Author(s):  
Ho Sung Lee ◽  
Jong Hoon Yoon ◽  
Joon Tae Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bonded Joint ◽  
Near Net Shape

Many metals, such as titanium and superalloys, are used for a wide range of aerospace applications, which include aircraft gas turbine engine and space launcher propulsion engine. In order to manufacture a stiffened extension with superplastic blow forming at elevated temperature, the structural integrity of the joint part was investigated since the welded or bonded joint of internal channels should maintain its strength during superplastic blow forming process. Various types of joint methods were performed in order to investigate microstructural and mechanical properties of the bonded specimen at elevated temperature. In this paper, the possibility of manufacturing combustion chamber and other aerospace components with superplastic blow forming of titanium and superalloy was demonstrated. An innovative manufacturing method to produce complex configuration from titanium multi-sheets by superplastic forming with low hydrostatic pressure was presented. The result also shows that the manufacturing method with superplastic blow forming of multi-sheets of IN718 alloy has been successfully demonstrated for near net shape forming of subscale nozzle extension cone with internal channels.

The Causes of Low Impact Strength of T23 Steel Weld Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Janusz Adamiec ◽  
Izabela Pikos ◽  
Michał Stopyra
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Treated Condition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welding Technique ◽  
Weld Heat

T23 is modern bainitic steel designed for use in supercritical boilers. According to producer’s data weldability of this steel is good enough to avoid post-weld heat treatment. However, some of the T23 weld joints in as-welded condition have not met the minimal ductility requirement. The impact test revealed significant differences between the joints in as-welded and heat treated condition. Metallographic and fractographic examinations have been conducted in order to explain those differences. The specimens with low impact strength were characterized by brittle fracture and non-tempered martensite presence in weld metal. It was concluded that avoiding formation of disadvantageous structure in weld metal requires conducting of post weld heat treatment or applying multi-pass welding technique with annealing run.

scholarly journals Strength Enhancement Study on Composites of AA6066 Aluminium Alloy with Magnesium Oxide and Coal Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
L. Ponraj Sankar ◽  
G. Aruna ◽  
T. Sathish ◽  
A. Parthiban ◽  
V. Vijayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Strength Enhancement ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Treated Condition ◽  
The Impact

Aluminium alloy is the most favourable material based on the various properties and economic factors. Always there are so many researches going on based on the enhancement of the material properties with various combinations and the various materials mixing rate depending upon the availability. These researches were focused on the augmentations of the properties, and then the corresponding properties can be used in the various applications depending upon the results. In this study, the AA6066 aluminium alloy composites were created with the magnesium oxide and coal ash with a variety of grouping. The specimens were named as AAMgOCA 1 to AAMgOCA 6 with respect to the volume concentration composition. Then, the composites were tested to identify the impact on various strengths such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, and flexural strength. These strengths were compared with the two conditions of the composites such as annealed and heat-treated conditions. AAMgOCA 3 has the greatest results in heat-treated condition when compared with the annealed condition.

scholarly journals Effect Of Heat Treatment On The Corrosion Resistance Of Aluminized Steel Strips

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1825-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Żaba ◽  
M. Nowosielski ◽  
P. Kita ◽  
M. Kwiatkowski ◽  
T. Tokarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aluminized Steel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exhaust Systems

AbstractThe paper presents the results of corrosion resistance of heat treated aluminized steel strips. Products coated by Al-10Si alloy are used among others in a manufacturing process of welded pipes as the elements of the car exhaust systems, working in high temperatures and different environments (eg. wet, salty). The strips and tubes high performance requirements are applied to stability, thickness and roughness of Al-Si coating, adhesion and corrosion resistance. Tubes working in elements of exhaust systems in a wide range of temperatures are exposed to the effects of many aggressive factors, such as salty snow mud. It was therefore decided to carry out research on the impact of corrosion on the environmental influence on heat treated aluminized steel strips. The heat treatment was carried out temperatures in the range 250-700°C for 30, 180, 1440 minutes. Then the coatings was subjected to cyclic impact of snow mud. Total duration of treatment was 12 months and it was divided into three stages of four months and at the end of each stage was made the assessment of factor of corrosion. The results are presented in the form of macroscopic, microscopic (using a scanning electron microscope) observations and the degree and type of rusty coating.

scholarly journals “Microstructure and mechanical characterisation of titanium alloy linear friction welds”

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 04030
Author(s):  
Bertrand Flipo ◽  
Kathryn Beamish ◽  
Bryan Humphreys ◽  
Martin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
Heat Treated Condition ◽  
High Integrity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weld Heat

The increasing use of composite materials in new aircraft builds leads to a significant demand for titanium alloy structural parts. The increasing costs and popularity of this material, together with restrictions in supply and processing, are driving the aerospace industry to make increasingly efficient use of available material. Linear Friction Welding (LFW) is a rapid, high integrity, solid-state forging process that has the potential to decrease the buy-to-fly ratio, production time and time to market of aerostructure components. Its dependability has already been proven for the production of key components in some of the latest generation aero engines. The LFW process is yet to be used for aerostructures. This is primarily due to the LFW process not being widely known, but also due to a lack of performance data on aerostructures manufactured by LFW being available to the supply chain and design community. To address this issue, a large series of titanium alloy weldments was produced and assessed via metallographic examinations and mechanical testing in both as-welded and post-weld heat-treated condition. The matrix of experiments was able to capture the LFW process window of this titanium alloy, and to measure the impact of the parametric conditions. Metallographic examination revealed a high integrity weld free from contaminants and oxides at the weld interface; with a characteristic recrystallised Widmanstätten martensitic Beta weld centre zone microstructure, in as welded condition, and a finegrained equiaxed recrystallised to alpha-beta microstructure in post-weld heat-treated condition. As-welded joints were tested under tensile and alternating fatigue conditions to provide an extended set of joint performance data. Joints demonstrated tensile performance equivalent to that of the parent material in all cases, with near-parent fatigue properties and improved (reduced) fatigue scatter in the post-weld heat-treated condition.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of the Linear Matching Method Framework for Structural Integrity Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Barbera ◽  
Haofeng Chen ◽  
Yinghua Liu ◽  
Fuzhen Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Matching Method

The linear matching method (LMM) subroutines and plug-in tools for structural integrity assessment are now in extensive use in industries for the design and routine assessment of power plant components. This paper presents a detailed review and case study of the current state-of-the art LMM direct methods applied to the structural integrity assessment. The focus is on the development and use of the linear matching method framework (LMMF) on a wide range of crucial aspects for the power industry. The LMMF is reviewed to show a wide range of capabilities of the direct methods under this framework, and the basic theory background is also presented. Different structural integrity aspects are covered including the calculation of shakedown, ratchet, and creep rupture limits. Furthermore, the crack initiation assessments of an un-cracked body by the LMM are shown for cases both with and without the presence of a creep dwell during the cyclic loading history. Finally, an overview of the in house developed LMM plug-in is given, presenting the intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) developed. The efficiency and robustness of these direct methods in calculating the aforementioned quantities are confirmed through a numerical case study, which is a semicircular notched (Bridgman notch) bar. A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model is adopted, and the notched bar is subjected to both cyclic and constant axial mechanical loads. For the crack initiation assessment, different cyclic loading conditions are evaluated to demonstrate the impact of the different load types on the structural response. The impact of creep dwell is also investigated to show how this parameter is capable of causing in some cases a dangerous phenomenon known as creep ratcheting. All the results in the case study demonstrate the level of simplicity of the LMMs but at the same time accuracy, efficiency, and robustness over the more complicated and inefficient incremental finite element analyses.

Influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on firm performance: the business value of AI-based transformation projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1893-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge-Lopez Wamba-Taguimdje ◽  
Samuel Fosso Wamba ◽  
Jean Robert Kala Kamdjoug ◽  
Chris Emmanuel Tchatchouang Wanko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe main purpose of our study is to analyze the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on firm performance, notably by building on the business value of AI-based transformation projects. This study was conducted using a four-step sequential approach: (1) analysis of AI and AI concepts/technologies; (2) in-depth exploration of case studies from a great number of industrial sectors; (3) data collection from the databases (websites) of AI-based solution providers; and (4) a review of AI literature to identify their impact on the performance of organizations while highlighting the business value of AI-enabled projects transformation within organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis study has called on the theory of IT capabilities to seize the influence of AI business value on firm performance (at the organizational and process levels). The research process (responding to the research question, making discussions, interpretations and comparisons, and formulating recommendations) was based on a review of 500 case studies from IBM, AWS, Cloudera, Nvidia, Conversica, Universal Robots websites, etc. Studying the influence of AI on the performance of organizations, and more specifically, of the business value of such organizations’ AI-enabled transformation projects, required us to make an archival data analysis following the three steps, namely the conceptual phase, the refinement and development phase, and the assessment phase.FindingsAI covers a wide range of technologies, including machine translation, chatbots and self-learning algorithms, all of which can allow individuals to better understand their environment and act accordingly. Organizations have been adopting AI technological innovations with a view to adapting to or disrupting their ecosystem while developing and optimizing their strategic and competitive advantages. AI fully expresses its potential through its ability to optimize existing processes and improve automation, information and transformation effects, but also to detect, predict and interact with humans. Thus, the results of our study have highlighted such AI benefits in organizations, and more specifically, its ability to improve on performance at both the organizational (financial, marketing and administrative) and process levels. By building on these AI attributes, organizations can, therefore, enhance the business value of their transformed projects. The same results also showed that organizations achieve performance through AI capabilities only when they use their features/technologies to reconfigure their processes.Research limitations/implicationsAI obviously influences the way businesses are done today. Therefore, practitioners and researchers need to consider AI as a valuable support or even a pilot for a new business model. For the purpose of our study, we adopted a research framework geared toward a more inclusive and comprehensive approach so as to better account for the intangible benefits of AI within organizations. In terms of interest, this study nurtures a scientific interest, which aims at proposing a model for analyzing the influence of AI on the performance of organizations, and at the same time, filling the associated gap in the literature. As for the managerial interest, our study aims to provide managers with elements to be reconfigured or added in order to take advantage of the full benefits of AI, and therefore improve organizations’ performance, the profitability of their investments in AI transformation projects, and some competitive advantage. This study also allows managers to consider AI not as a single technology but as a set/combination of several different configurations of IT in the various company’s business areas because multiple key elements must be brought together to ensure the success of AI: data, talent mix, domain knowledge, key decisions, external partnerships and scalable infrastructure.Originality/valueThis article analyses case studies on the reuse of secondary data from AI deployment reports in organizations. The transformation of projects based on the use of AI focuses mainly on business process innovations and indirectly on those occurring at the organizational level. Thus, 500 case studies are being examined to provide significant and tangible evidence about the business value of AI-based projects and the impact of AI on firm performance. More specifically, this article, through these case studies, exposes the influence of AI at both the organizational and process performance levels, while considering it not as a single technology but as a set/combination of the several different configurations of IT in various industries.

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