scholarly journals Processing–Structure–Property Relationships in Metals

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Montanari ◽  
Alessandra Varone
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for advanced materials in construction, transportation, communications, medicine, energy production, as well as in several other fields, is the driving force for investigating the processing–structure–property relationships [...]

Imaging of crystalline structure in thermotropic copolymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Richard J. Spontak ◽  
Alan H. Windle
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Electron-diffraction analysis and dark-field (DF) imaging of crystalline structure in highly-oriented polymers have been used effectively to discern structure-property relationships in these materials. Diffraction patterns of some thermotropic copolyesters, such as those composed of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (B) and 2,6-hydroxynaphthoic acid (N) or those from N and terephthalic acid/hydroxyaniline (TA), exhibit sharp equatorial reflections, suggestive of finite intermolecular ordering, and aperiodic meridional maxima, indicative of random intramolecular sequencing (see inset of Fig. 1). However, diffraction analysis of a related thermotropic copolymer, composed of B and isophthalic acid/hydroquinone (IQ), reveals periodic meridional maxima and ill-defined equatorial reflections. DF imaging in conventional transmission electron microscopy is utilized here to permit accurate assessment of the crystallite morphologies in these two chemically-related families.Samples of the B-N and N-TA materials were provided by the Hoechst-Celanese Corporation, and the B-IQ copolymer was supplied by ICI Advanced Materials. Electron-transparent films were produced by first heating a small chunk of each material on freshly-cleaved rocksalt to a predesignated temperature. The samples were then quickly sheared with a razor blade, and the resultant films were quenched on an aluminum block.

Structure-property relationships of PE/PP sandwiched films

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Petermann ◽  
G. Broza ◽  
U. Rieck ◽  
A. Jaballah ◽  
A. Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Oriented Films ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Polymer Laminates ◽  
Heated Glass

Oriented overgrowth of polymer materials onto ionic crystals is well known and recently it was demonstrated that this epitaxial crystallisation can also occur in polymer/polymer systems, under certain conditions. The morphologies and the resulting physical properties of such systems will be presented, especially the influence of epitaxial interfaces on the adhesion of polymer laminates and the mechanical properties of epitaxially crystallized sandwiched layers.Materials used were polyethylene, PE, Lupolen 6021 DX (HDPE) and 1810 D (LDPE) from BASF AG; polypropylene, PP, (PPN) provided by Höchst AG and polybutene-1, PB-1, Vestolen BT from Chemische Werke Hüls. Thin oriented films were prepared according to the method of Petermann and Gohil, by winding up two different polymer films from two separately heated glass-plates simultaneously with the help of a motor driven cylinder. One double layer was used for TEM investigations, while about 1000 sandwiched layers were taken for mechanical tests.

Approaches for TEM imaging of cavitation in toughened nylon

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Rubber Toughened ◽  
Shear Yield ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Diamond Knife

A controversial topic in the study of structure-property relationships of toughened polymer systems is the internal cavitation of toughener particles resulting from damage on impact or tensile deformation.Detailed observations of the influence of morphological characteristics such as particle size distribution on deformation mechanisms such as shear yield and cavitation could provide valuable guidance for selection of processing conditions, but TEM observation of damaged zones presents some experimental difficulties.Previously published TEM images of impact fractured toughened nylon show holes but contrast between matrix and toughener is lacking; other systems investigated have clearly shown cavitated impact modifier particles. In rubber toughened nylon, the physical characteristics of cavitated material differ from undamaged material to the extent that sectioning of heavily damaged regions by cryoultramicrotomy with a diamond knife results in sections of greater than optimum thickness (Figure 1). The detailed morphology is obscured despite selective staining of the rubber phase using the ruthenium trichloride route to ruthenium tetroxide.

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