scholarly journals Optimization of Replaced Grinding Wheel Diameter for Surface Grinding Based on a Cost Analysis

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Hong Tran ◽  
Anh-Tung Luu ◽  
Quoc-Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Hong-Ky Le ◽  
Anh-Tuan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Based on a cost analysis, a method of identifying and predicting optimum replaced grinding wheel diameter (De.op) in a surface grinding operation for 9CrSi steel material was developed in this study. The De.op value was determined by minimizing the cost function. An experimental design was set up, and a computational program was developed to perform the experiment in order to calculate the De.op value. Furthermore, the impact of the grinding process parameters such as the initial grinding wheel diameter, the grinding wheel width, the total dressing depth, the Rockwell hardness of the workpiece, the radial grinding wheel wear per dress, and the wheel life on the De.op value were investigated. Moreover, the impacts of the cost components such as the machine tool hourly rate and the grinding wheel cost on the De.op value were given. Based on that, a mathematical model was proposed to determine the De.op value. The predicted De.op value was also verified by an experiment. The obtained result shows that the difference between the experimental De.op value and the predicted De.op value is within 1.7%, indicating that the mathematical model proposed in the study is reliable.

Experimental study on grinding wheel radial wear in surface grinding of steel CrV12 using a zonal centrifugal coolant provision system

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (12) ◽  
pp. 1452-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Sieniawski ◽  
Krzysztof Nadolny
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The tribology of the grinding process can be considered in the context of a tribosystem, in which the main structural elements (grinding wheel, workpiece, grinding fluid, and environment) are interrelated and interdependent. One of the most important factors influencing the contact conditions of these listed elements of the grinding process tribosystem are the proper selection of grinding fluids and anti-adhesive substances, as well as careful consideration of how they are applied. This article describes a new zonal centrifugal coolant provision system as well as the results of experimental studies conducted into its use. The aim of these experiments was to determine the impact of the system of grinding fluids provision on grinding wheel radial wear in the surface grinding process of steel CrV12. Reference methods within the described studies consisted of dry grinding and grinding using the flood method, among others. The obtained results of the experiment revealed that the use of a zonal centrifugal coolant provision system enabled the acquisition of a similar radial wear rate of the grinding wheel at 90% reduction of grinding fluids flow rate, compared with flooding method. It was also demonstrated that in the most favorable conditions, it is even possible to significantly reduce the intensity of the radial wheel wear, compared with the conventional method.

scholarly journals The Impact of CEOs' Compensations on Cost Stickiness in Industrial Companies Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Lina Fuad Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Stickiness

The purpose of this study is to analyze the asymmetry in cost behavior (cost stickiness) and to identify the impact of CEOs' compensation on the degree of cost stickiness behavior. The study population consists of the public shareholding companies listed on the ASE, which number (56) industrial company. Data were collected from (35) industrial companies for the period (2009 - 2019). To measure the degree of costs stickiness, The Model of Weiss (2010) was used. The Model of Weiss (2010) takes into account the costs and changes in the level of activity (sales) for the last four quarters of the company, Weiss (2010) model constructs the difference in logarithmic ratios of changes in cost. The study found that the CEO's compensation in Jordanian industrial companies consists of two forms. The companies pay fixed salaries or performance-related bonuses. The study found that the form of compensation that is paid to the CEO affects the behavior of managers. The results indicated that the performance-related rewards are accompanied by a decrease in the level of cost stickiness, and the compensation paid in the form of fixed salaries are accompanied by a high level of cost stickiness. The study recommends that companies should understand the role of the compensation form in administrative decisions, especially with regard to resource modifications, as management motives in relation to resource modifications must be taken into account because of their clear and direct impact on the cost structure of companies.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP BIAYA DAN WAKTU PELAKSANAAN PROYEK

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Fitri Nur Kharina ◽  
Kusno Adi Sambowo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Earned Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Review Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Construction projects in all regions continues to be developed for the creation of facilities that can be utilized by the community. One of them is the construction of apartments which are now being intensively carried out to meet residential needs for the community. Making a construction project plan always refers to estimates that exist at the time development plan is made, therefore problems can arise if there is a discrepancy between the plans that have been made and the actual reality. So the impact that often occurs is the delay in the time of project implementation which can also be accompanied by an increase in the cost of implementing the project. In the construction project of Cinere Terrace Suites Apartemen & Citywalk, Jakarta there was a delay resulting in a late payment of monthly bill progress by the owner. Based on the above reasons, this research was conducted to find out how the project performance was seen from the cost and time period of the review period. how is the estimated cost and time to complete the overall project work. The method used in the analysis of this study is the Earned Value Method. Based on the results of the analysis carried out for 29 weeks the project performance on schedule has been delayed and cost shows a positive value. For the estimated completion time of the project there is an increase in time whose duration increases from the planned 98 weeks or 685 days to 109,624 weeks or 768 days. While the estimated cost of completing the project from the results of the analysis obtained a value of Rp. 270,147,448,569.16 smaller than the planned cost of Rp. 315,272,727,272.73. With the difference VAC of Rp. 45,125,278,703.57 this shows that there are benefits obtained by the contractor.

scholarly journals Research and Improvement of the Hydraulic Suspension System for a Heavy Hydraulic Transport Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Jingyi Zhao ◽  
Wenlei Li ◽  
Xing Jia ◽  
Peng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Nonlinear System ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hydraulic Transport ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

In order to ensure the ride comfort of a hydraulic transport vehicle in transportation, it is important to account for the effects of the suspension system. In this paper, an improved hydraulic suspension system based on a reasonable setting of the accumulator was proposed for a heavy hydraulic transport vehicle. The hydraulic transport vehicle was a multi-degree nonlinear system, and the establishment of an appropriate vehicle dynamical model was the basis for the improvement of the hydraulic suspension system. The hydraulic suspension system was analyzed, and a mathematical model of the hydraulic suspension system with accumulator established and then analyzed. The results revealed that installing the appropriate accumulator can absorb the impact pressure on the vehicle, while a hydraulic suspension system with an accumulator can be designed. Further, it was proved that a reasonable setting for the accumulator can reduce the impact force on the transport vehicle through simulation, and the optimal accumulator parameters can be obtained. Finally, an experiment in the field was set up and carried out, and the experimental results presented to prove the viability of the proposed method.

From statistics, through new requirements to mathematical modelling of SAT aircraft safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Bartosz Dziugiel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Safety Estimation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Aircraft

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the technical and operational specifications of the Small Aircraft Transport System (SAT/SATS) to the achieved safety level. Design/methodology/approach Safety estimation was made with the use of mathematical model of safety of light aircraft in commercial operations developed on the basis of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) data. The analysis was conducted for two different SATS business models based on Direct AiR Transport (DART) concept. It allowed for the investigation of the impact of technical specifications of the aircraft included into the SATS fleet as well as the selected elements of the applied business model on SATS safety level. Findings It was found that the proposed changes to DART system resulted in a significant improvement of safety. Mean Time Between Incidents and Accident (MTBIA) increased by 200 per cent. Additionally, the introduced alterations impacted the weights of particular domains and pilot’s error became less critical than the technical reliability. Practical implications It was shown that the application of new requirements influences both the safety level and the cost of operation, which was demonstrated within the ESPOSA and DART projects. Additionally, it was indicated that further effort to improve the light aircraft safety is absolutely necessary. Originality/value Originality consists in combining in one mathematical model both the aircraft configuration and the rules for business operation. Optimization of selected parameters of the system leads to a significant reduction in the accident number and to keeping the cost increment at a reasonable level. It was also found that the resulted improvement sometimes cannot be sufficient to consider a small aircraft operation fully safe, mainly owing to the numerous restrictions because of its small weight and loading capacity.

Combined effects of contrast between poor and rich patches and overall nitrate concentration on Arabidopsis thaliana root system structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Blouin ◽  
Ruben Puga-Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
System Structure ◽  
System Response ◽  
Correlative Inhibition ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

The law of correlative inhibition states that roots in a richer environment develop more intensively if other roots of the same plant are in a poorer environment. This probably occurs only when the cost of emitting these roots in the rich patch is compensated by the advantage of having more roots, i.e. in situations where the difference in concentration between rich and poor patches is strong or the overall nutrient amount in the environment is low. For the first time, we tested root system response to combined gradients of contrast between poor and rich patches and of overall NO3– concentration in agar gels. We set up a factorial in vitro experiment crossing contrast (null, weak, strong heterogeneity) with overall NO3– concentration (deficient, optimal, excessive). We observed an increase in ramification density with increasing heterogeneity in deficient situations; but a decrease with increasing heterogeneity in excessive situations. The interaction between overall NO3– concentration and heterogeneity had a significant effect on root ramification density and the distribution of root length in diameter classes. The overall nutrient status of the soil has to be considered to understand the effect of heterogeneity on plant development at the morphological as well as at the molecular level.

scholarly journals A dynamic model for crime control and policy evaluation

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. U. Ahmed ◽  
M. A. Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rigorous Mathematical Model

The paper is concerned with the development of a rigorous mathematical model describing the dynamics of criminal population subject to sentencing policies of any penal (legal) system. The model enables evaluation of the impact of preventive measures used in the society and correctional measures used by the penitentiaries. A performance index reflecting the effectiveness of such measures and the cost to the society for providing the same is introduced and the question of optimality discussed.

Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of the Packed-Type Parallel Flow Dehumidifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3100-3104
Author(s):  
Rui Hang Zhang ◽  
Zi Ye Wang ◽  
Run Ping Niu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

TA mathematical model describing heat and mass transfer performance of packed-type parallel flow dehumidifier was set up. The numerical solution of differential equations was derived. Taking the heat and mass transfer coefficients obtained by experiments as the input parameters of the model, the impact of solution inlet parameters on outlet parameter of air was described. The simulation results indicated that the mathematical model could be used to predict the performance of liquid dehumidification. The results showed that the mathematical model can be of great value in the design and improvement of dehumidifier.

scholarly journals Custo da terapia tópica em pacientes com lesão por pressão

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Daniel De Macêdo Rocha ◽  
Sandra Maria Gonçalves Bezerra ◽  
Aline Costa De Oliveira ◽  
Josiane Santos Silva ◽  
Italo Arão Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Wounds

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o custo da terapia tópica em pacientes com lesão por pressão. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico realizado em um ambulatório de referência para tratamento de feridas complexas. A amostra constituiu-se de 20 participantes que procuraram o serviço para a avaliação e o tratamento da lesão. Utilizou-se, para a coleta de dados, um formulário para a caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica, terapêutica e de análise de custo. Realizou-se a análise por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: houve o predomínio do sexo masculino, com idade média de 56,6 anos e de pacientes procedentes de Teresina. Prevaleceram feridas crônicas, localizadas na região sacral e em estágio 4. A análise do custo mostrou que as lesões em membros inferiores com odor fétido, tecido desvitalizado, exsudato intenso e que foram tratadas com o carvão ativado, espuma com prata e hidrofibra apresentaram maior custo. Conclusão: mostrou-se que a lesão por pressão apresentou alto custo determinado pelas características clínicas e métodos terapêuticos adotados. Evidenciou-se a necessidade da implementação de medidas preventivas e de novos estudos para mostrar o impacto da lesão nos serviços de saúde. Descritores: Ferimentos e Lesões; Lesão por Pressão; Bandagem; Custo e Análise de Custos; Enfermagem; Cuidados de Enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the cost of topical therapy in patients with pressure ulcers. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out at a reference outpatient clinic for the treatment of complex wounds. The sample consisted of 20 participants who sought the service for evaluation and the treatment of the ulcer. A form for sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and cost analysis was used for data collection. The analysis was carried out through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: there was a predominance of males, with a mean age of 56.6 years and of patients coming from Teresina. Chronic wounds prevailed, located in the sacral region and in stage 4. The cost analysis showed that lesions in the lower limbs, with fetid odor, devitalized tissue, intense exudate and that were treated with activated charcoal, silver foam and hydrofiber presented higher cost. Conclusion: it was shown that the pressure ulcer presented a high cost determined by the clinical characteristics and therapeutic methods adopted. The need to implement preventive measures and new studies to show the impact of the injury on health services was evidenced. Descriptors: Wounds and Injuries; Pressure Ulcer; Bandages; Costs and Cost Analysis; Nursing; Nursing Care. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el costo de la terapia tópica en pacientes con lesión por presión. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico realizado en un ambulatorio de referencia para el tratamiento de heridas complejas. La muestra se constituyó de 20 participantes que buscaban el servicio para la evaluación y el tratamiento de la lesión. Se utilizó, para recolección de datos, un formulario para caracterización sociodemográfica, clínica, terapéutica y análisis de costo. Se realizó el análisis por medio de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: hubo el predominio del sexo masculino, con una edad media de 56,6 años y de pacientes procedentes de Teresina. Prevalecían heridas crónicas, localizadas en la región sacra y en etapa 4. El análisis del costo mostró que las lesiones en miembros inferiores, con olor fétido, tejido desvitalizado, exudado intenso y que fueron tratadas con el carbón activado, espuma con plata e hidrofibra presentaron mayor costo. Conclusión: se mostró que la lesión por presión presentó alto costo, siendo determinada por las características clínicas y métodos terapéuticos adoptados. Se evidenció la necesidad de la aplicación de medidas preventivas y de nuevos estudios para mostrar el impacto de la lesión en los servicios de salud. Descriptores: Heridas y Lesiones; Úlcera por Presión; Vendajes; Costos y Análisis de Costo; Enfermería; Atención de Enfermería.

scholarly journals Risk factors and costs of household perspectives in hemodialysis patients on Hospital Of Bhayangkara Tk. I. R. Said Sukanto

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggelina Aprilia Pangalila ◽  
Prih Sarnianto ◽  
Shirly Kumala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Herbs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in Indonesia is increasing every year. In the promotion of health promotion and prevention efforts, data related to risk factors and cost analysis are needed from the perspective of patients and / or families related to CKD treatment that requires replacement therapy for kidney function (Hemodialysis / HD). CKD patients undergo HD therapy generally twice a week, making it a relatively large burden on them. This study aims to determine the risk factors for CKD in hemodialysis patients at Bhayangkara Hospital Tk. I R. Said Sukanto and the impact of the cost of HD therapy from a household perspective. In an observational study with this case control method. Primary data was taken through interviews using a structured questionnaire with 100 HD patients (cases) and 100 patients from other poly (control), cross sectional. Risk factor analysis was carried out by logistic regression (p <0.05) and cost analysis using the accounting method. The results showed that in terms of socio-demography, ages above 40-49 years had a risk of 32.7 times and ≥ 50 years had a risk of 17.9 times having CKD compared to <30 years of age with an education level ≤ SD-SMA at risk 16.9 times affected by CKD from the academy / university group, and the income of Rp. 2,000,000 - Rp. 4,000,000 has a risk of 8.4 times being affected by CKD from income groups> Rp. 6,000,000. In terms of biophysiology, hypertension, diabetes and anemia had a risk of 516 times, 54 times and 272 times the effect of CKD. The habit of consuming Chinese and Western herbs increases the risk of developing CKD up to 10.9 times. The cost of the household perspective issued by the patient includes a meal cost of Rp360,000, transportation costs Rp.320,000 and drugs and multivitamins Rp250,000. The potential loss of productivity reaches Rp1,241,904 per patient per month.

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