scholarly journals Repair and Reinforcement of Historic Timber Structures with Stainless Steel—A Review

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Corradi ◽  
Adelaja Israel Osofero ◽  
Antonio Borri
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
Recent Trends

Recent trends in the use of stainless steel profiles for repair and reinforcement of historic timber structures, after degradation due to biotic and non-biotic attacks, are discussed in this paper. These structural challenges can vary from inadequate load carrying capacity to complexities involved with choice of repair materials and techniques. Given the recurring requirements of conservation authorities in terms of reversibility of interventions and compatibility between historic and new materials, an increase in the use of non-invasive reinforcement materials and reversible techniques was observed. Subsequently, engineers and researchers have increasingly employed stainless steel alloys in retrofitting historic timber structures. This paper therefore presents the state of the art in the use of stainless steel profiles in retrofitting timber structural elements within historic structures. It includes a review of the development of the retrofitting methods and existing experimental studies on the mechanical behavior of timber structures reinforced with stainless steel. Finally, it presents a number of case studies and draws conclusions on current trends and practices based on reported studies.

Effect of Tow Sheet Composite Wrap Architecture on Strengthening of Concrete Due to Confinement: I—Experimental Studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Howie ◽  
Vistasp M. Karbhari
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Concrete Shell ◽  
Original Construction ◽  
Stub Columns

Worldwide there is a need for the renewal of infrastructure because of age, deterioration, misuse, lack of timely repair and maintenance, use of improper materials and/or techniques in the original construction, and even changing needs. Notwithstanding the need for retrofit and repair methods for column-type structural elements, there is also a need for new techniques that would increase the confining action of concrete, as well as enhance the load-carrying capacity and ductility of such structures from a strengthening, rather than a seismic, viewpoint. This study investigates the use of carbon-fiber-reinforced jackets applied to concrete stub columns through the use of tow-sheet-type fabric forms. The primary emphasis is on the investigation of orientation and thickness effects of the composite wraps on the load-carrying efficiency and enhanced ductility of the new structural elements. It was seen that the predominant use of hoop reinforcement provides significant enhancement in concrete strength through confining action and also offers the potential for fabrication of concrete shell-type elements that would enable reinforcing action without the use of steel and the attending problems of corrosion.

scholarly journals Recent trends in prenatal genetic screening and testing

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Pös ◽  
Jaroslav Budiš ◽  
Tomáš Szemes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Prenatal testing in recent years has been moving toward non-invasive methods to determine the fetal risk for genetic disorders without incurring the risk of miscarriage. Rapid progress of modern high-throughput molecular technologies along with the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma led to novel screening methods for fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. Such tests are referred to as non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPTs), non-invasive prenatal screening, or prenatal cell-free DNA screening. Owing to many advantages, the adoption of NIPT in routine clinical practice was very rapid and global. As an example, NIPT has recently become a standard screening procedure for all pregnant women in the Netherlands. On the other hand, invasive sampling procedures remain important, especially for their diagnostic value in the confirmation of NIPT-positive findings and the detection of Mendelian disorders. In this review, we focus on current trends in the field of NIPT and discuss their benefits, drawbacks, and consequences in regard to routine diagnostics.

Profile beams with adaptive bending–twist coupling by adjustable shear centre location

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Raither ◽  
Andrea Bergamini ◽  
Paolo Ermanni
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Structural Concept ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Coupling Stiffness ◽  
Shear Centre

Semi-active structural elements based on variable stiffness represent a promising approach to the solution of the conflict of requirements between load-carrying capability and shape adaptivity in morphing lightweight structures. In the present work, a structural concept with adaptive bending–twist coupling aiming at a broad adjustment range of coupling stiffness while maintaining high flexural rigidity is investigated by analysis, simulation and experiment.

Interface Temperature Measurement and Experimental Studies of Super-High Speed Polishing of CVD Diamond Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Shu Tao Huang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Li Fu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Diamond Film ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Cvd Diamond ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Cvd Diamond Film

Super-high speed polishing of diamond film is a newly proposed method due to its outstanding features such as low cost and simple apparatus. The interface temperature rise is due to the friction force and the relative sliding velocity between the CVD diamond film and the polishing metal plate surface. In this paper, the interface temperature rise in super-high speed polishing of CVD diamond film was investigated by using the single-point temperature measurement method. Additionally, the influence of polishing plate material on the characteristics of super-high speed polishing has been studied. The results showed that cast iron is not suitable for super-high polishing, while both 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel and pure titanium can be used for the super-high polishing of CVD diamond film. The quality and efficiency of polishing with 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel plate is much higher than those of pure titanium, and the material removal rate could reach to 36-51 m/h when the polishing speed and pressure are 100 m/s and 0.17-0.31 MPa, respectively.

The York-Arup cable experiments: Implications for the fire design of cable-supported bridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Nicoletta ◽  
John Gales ◽  
Panagiotis Kotsovinos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Stay Cable ◽  
Stay Cables ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
High Level

<p>Recent trends towards performance-based fire designs for complex and critical structures have posed questions about the fire resilience of bridge infrastructure. There are little-to-no code requirements for bridge fire resistance and practitioner guidance on the subject is limited. Research on the fire performance of cable-supported bridge structures is scarce and knowledge gaps persist that inhibit more informed fire protection designs in a variety of bridge types. There have been few numerical or experimental studies that investigate the fire performance of steel stay-cables for use in cable-supported bridges. The thermal response of these members is critical as cable systems are highly dependent on the response of individual members, such as in the case of an anchor cable for example. The study herein examines the thermal response of several varieties of unloaded steel- stay cable during exposure to a non-standard methanol pool fire and the implications for the structural response of a cable-supported bridge. Experimental thermal strain data from fire tests of various stay-cables is used to inform high-level insights for the global response of a cable-supported bridge. Namely, the effects of cable thermal expansion on the overall cable system is approximated.</p>

Conception and Practical Application of a Measuring Device for Energetic Parameters Measurement of a Mechatronic Object

2011 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksy Cwalina ◽  
Marcin Zacharewicz
Keyword(s):  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Parameters Measurement ◽  
Gas Pressures

In the article assumptions of the developed non-invasive method of evaluation technical condition of selected structural elements of the ship's diesel-electric set at limited monitoring susceptibility, when the engine is not equipped with indicator valves, are discussed. The method is based on simultaneous measurements of phase-to-phase voltage of the synchronous generator, exhaust gas pressures in the exhaust manifold, and vibration accelerations of some parts of the set. To the purpose of the accomplishment all measurements of energetic parameters at the same time, it turned out to be necessary to design and construct the measured quantity converter. In the paper requirements in relation to such a converter, technical project, and representative results of measurements conducted on a real object – diesel-electric set type ZE400/52 – are presented.

Experimental studies on Drilling of 410 Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7168-7173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jayaganth ◽  
K. Jayakumar ◽  
A. Deepak ◽  
K. Pazhanivel
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Experimental Studies

scholarly journals Modern Foreign Neurocognitive Approaches to the use of the Music-Enriched Environment in the Rehabilitation of Aphasic Disorders and Alzheimer's type Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
K.M. Shipkova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neurocognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Neuropsychological Diagnostics ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation

This paper presents an analysis of current foreign trends in neurocognitive rehabilitation of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and neuropsychological rehabilitation of the most common form of vascular cognitive disorders (VCD) - aphasia. Two approaches to the restoration of higher mental functions (HMF), based on a different understanding of the neuroplasticity mechanisms, are described. The description presents non-invasive and functional methods of direct stimulation of HMF. Various methods of transcranial brain stimulation and Intensive Language-Action Therapy (ILAT) are reviewed and analyzed. The data of experimental studies present the application of these methods to the restoration of Broca's aphasia. The paper also considers an approach to neurorehabilitation based on the methodology of "workaround" recovery of HMF using sensory-enriched environment. The article describes and analyzes the theoretical foundations of Music Intonation Therapy (MIT), Thérapie mélodique est rythmée) (TMR), palliative MIT, Music Therapy (MT). The paper carries out an analytical review of the implementation of abovementioned methods in aphasics. Also, programs and neurocognitive correction methods in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are considered. The paper describes the possibilities of using active and passive MT, STAM-DEM Therapy, and Multimodal Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (MCET) in AD. The study presents the data of systematic and meta-analytical reviews on their use in MCI. The paper describes the methodology of "musical" neuropsychological diagnostics in dementia.

scholarly journals A Novel Piezoceramic-Based Sensing Technology Combined With Visual Domain Networks for Timber Damage Quantification

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibei Xiong ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Cheng Yuan ◽  
Qingzhao Kong
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Visual Domain

Early detection of timber damage is essential for the safety of timber structures. In recent decades, wave-based approaches have shown great potential for structural damage assessment. Current damage assessment accuracy based on sensing signals in the time domain is highly affected by the varied boundary conditions and environmental factors in practical applications. In this research, a novel piezoceramic-based sensing technology combined with a visual domain network was developed to quantitatively evaluate timber damage conditions. Numerical and experimental studies reveal the stress wave propagation properties in different cases of timber crack depths. Through the spectrogram visualization process, all sensing signals in the time domain were transferred to images which contain both time and frequency features of signals collected from different crack conditions. A deep neural network (DNN) was adopted for image training, testing, and classification. The classification results show high efficiency and accuracy for identifying crack conditions for timber structures. The proposed technology can be further integrated with a fielding sensing system to provide real-time monitoring of timber damage in field applications.

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