scholarly journals Enhancing the Reduction of High-Aluminum Iron Ore by Synergistic Reducing with High-Manganese Iron Ore

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlin Zhou ◽  
Yanhong Luo ◽  
Tiejun Chen ◽  
Deqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Aluminum Iron ◽  
High Aluminum

How to utilize low grade complex iron resources is an issue that has attracted much attention due to the continuous and huge consumption of iron ores in China. High-aluminum iron ore is a refractory resource and is difficult to upgrade by separating iron and alumina. An innovative technology involving synergistic reducing and synergistic smelting a high-aluminum iron ore containing 41.92% Fetotal, 13.74% Al2O3, and 13.96% SiO2 with a high-manganese iron ore assaying 9.24% Mntotal is proposed. The synergistic reduction process is presented and its enhancing mechanism is discussed. The results show that the generation of hercynite (FeAl2O4) and fayalite (Fe2SiO4) leads to a low metallization degree of 66.49% of the high-aluminum iron ore. Over 90% of the metallization degree is obtained by synergistic reducing with 60% of the high-manganese iron ore. The mechanism of synergistic reduction can be described as follows: MnO from the high-manganese ore chemically combines with Fe2SiO4 and FeAl2O4 to generate Mn2SiO4, MnAl2O4 and FeO, resulting in higher activity of FeO, which can be reduced to Fe in a CO atmosphere. The main products of the synergistic reduction process consist of Fe, Mn2SiO4, and MnAl2O4.

Carbon Doped Iron Ore Using Palm Kernel Shell

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusila Zamani Abd Rashid ◽  
Hadi Purwanto ◽  
Hamzah Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mohd Hanafi Ani ◽  
Nurul Azhani Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

This paper pertains to the reduction process of local low grade iron ore using palm kernel shell (PKS). It is well known that low grade iron ores contain high amount of gangue minerals and combined water. Biomass waste (aka agro-residues) from the palm oil industry is an attractive alternative fuel to replace coal as the source of energy in mineral processing, including for the treatment and processing of low grade iron ores. Both iron ore and PKS were mixed with minute addition of distilled water and then fabricated with average spherical diameter of 10-12mm. The green composite pellets were subjected to reduction test using an electric tube furnace. The rate of reduction increased as temperature increases up to 900 °C. The Fe content in the original ore increased almost 12% when 40 mass% of PKS was used. The reduction of 60:40 mass ratios of iron ore to PKS composite pellet produced almost 11.97 mass% of solid carbon which was dispersed uniformly on the surface of iron oxide. The aim of this work is to study carbon deposition of PKS in iron ore through reduction process. Utilization of carbon deposited in low grade iron ore is an interesting method for iron making process as this solid carbon can act as energy source in the reduction process.

The Effects of Reduction Parameter to Composite Pelet of Iron Ore and Coal Using Single Conveyor Belt Hearth Furnace

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽  
Andi Rustandi ◽  
Yudha Pratesa ◽  
Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo ◽  
Bagus Hadi Prabowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Hearth Furnace ◽  
Composite Pellet ◽  
Direct Reduction Iron ◽  
Composite Pellets

Iron ores should be separated from oxygen and impurities which are coming along during the mining process. The separation process is known as reduction. There are two types of reduction process, and the most common is direct reduction process (DRP). There are several parameters in DRP which will determine the quantities of the product known as direct reduction iron (DRI). This worked discussed the effect of reduction temperature and pellet heap to the quantities of DRI using single conveyer belt Hearth furnace. The worked was done in laboratory scale using composite pellets with 14 mm in diameter. The ratio of iron ore to coal in the composite pellet is 1 to 1. The reduction process temperatures are 500oC, 700oC and 900oC. The reduction time is 25 minutes. While the pellets heap are also varied to 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 layers. The results show that DRI was formed in 700OC and the quantities of DRI are in line with the reduction temperatures and layers of composite pellets heap.

Development Prospect of Rotary Hearth Furnace Process in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Hong Qi ◽  
Zong Shu Zou ◽  
Yun Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rotary Hearth Furnace ◽  
Hearth Furnace ◽  
Direct Reduction Process

Summarized the development situation of rotary hearth furnace (RHF) direct reduction technology, ore resource allocation situation and direct reduction iron demand. The survey results show that: China's iron ore resource allocation heavily rely on imported iron ore, gas-based direct reduction process (MIDREX, HYL-III, FINMET) is not likely to be the mainly direct reduced iron (DRI) process in China. However, non coking coal resources is very rich in China, research and development of coal-based direct reduction process (such as FASTMET and ITMK3 process) has important practical significance, it can strengthen the comprehensive utilization on low grade iron ore, associated mineral resources and iron & steel plant dust and sludge. It has great significance to alleviate steel scrap demand and stable development of the iron and steel industry and protect the national economic security in China.

scholarly journals Concentration and Microwave Radiated Reduction of Southeastern Anatolian Hematite and Limonite Ores—Reduced Iron Ore Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yildirim İsmail Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Column Flotation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Gas Desorption ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed

The concentration of low grade iron ore resources was evaluated by washing and reduction. The advanced concentration methods for low grade limonite and hematite iron ores of South Eastern Anatolian resources required such specific methods. The followed column flotation and magnetic separation, microwave radiated reduction of hematite slime and limonite sand orewere investigated on potential reducing treatment. The bubling fluidized bed allows more time to the heat radiation and conduction for reducing to the resistive ıron compounds. Furthermore, heavy limonite and iron oxide allowed sufficient intimate contact coal and biomass through surface pores in the bubbling fluidized bed furnace due to more pyrolysis gas desorption. Bubbling bath porosity decreased by temperature decrease. This research was included reduction in microwave of poor hematite and limonite ores in the microwave ovens, but through smaller tubing flows as sintering shaft plants following column flotation and scavangering operation. Two principle stages could still manage prospective pre reduction granule and pellet production in new sintering plants. There is a lack of energy side which one can produce reduced iron ore in advanced technology plants worldwide. However, for the low grade iron ores such as limonite and sideritic iron ores it was thought that microwave reduction technique was assumed that this could cut energy consumption in the metallurgy plants.

scholarly journals Application of dry high-intensity magnetic separation in upgrading low-grade iron ore of Rouina deposit, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
A. Messai ◽  
A. Idres ◽  
J.M. Menendez-Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Recent Developments

The recent developments of steel and iron industries generated a huge consumption of iron ores which has attracted much attention for utilizing low-grade iron resources to satisfy this increasing demand. The present study focuses on the characterization and enrichment of the low-grade iron ores from Rouina deposit-Ain Defla-. Currently, the ore is used in the cement industry because it is considered a low-grade iron ore. After the sampling process, a physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization was carried out and the results revealed that the sample consists of hematite, limonite and goethite as major opaque oxide minerals whereas silicates as well as clays form the gangue minerals in the sample. The average grade of FeTotal, SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in the raw material collected from the mine of the case study are 30.85%, 23.12% and 7.77% respectively. Processes involving combination of classification, washing and dry high-intensity magnetic separation were carried out to upgrade the low-grade iron ore sample to make it suitable as a marketable product. The sample was first ground and each closed size sieve fractions were subjected to washing followed by drying than dry high intensity magnetic separation and it was observed that limited upgradation is possible. As a result, it was possible to obtain a magnetic concentrate of 54.09% with a recovery degree of 89.30% and yield of 62.82% using a magnetic field intensity equal to 2.4 Tesla at the size fraction [-0.125 +0.063 mm].

Excavations of Two Iron Processing Sites at Scabgill and Boghall, Clydesdale, 1991

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
R J Strachan ◽  
J E Hamilton ◽  
I Armit ◽  
I B M Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Iron Ore Processing ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Small Furnace ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Processing Site

Summary Excavations were carried out on two sites containing traces of iron ore processing, as part of the N-W Ethylene Pipeline Project, funded by Shell Chemicals UK Ltd. The excavations at Scabgill revealed a small part of an iron ore processing site apparently dating to the later medieval period or earlier. At nearby Boghall, a small furnace was excavated, which, while not itself datable, was also used in the processing of low grade, bog iron ores.

Effect of Mineralogy on Reduction Behaviour of Iron Ore Pellets

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
Anand Babu Kotta ◽  
Swapan Kumar Karak ◽  
Mithilesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Iron Ore Pellets ◽  
Ore Pellets ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Iron Iron ◽  
Coal Fines

The present study deals with impact of gangue amount (Al2O3, SiO2) in iron ores on reduction of its pellets for production of sponge iron. Iron ore pellets were reduced isothermally with noncoking coal fines in the range of 1123 - 1273 K with a time interval of 15, 30,45,60,90 and 120 min. As the temperature rose from 1123 to 1223 K, the reducibility index of iron ore pellets increased and then decreased at temperature 1273 K. All iron ore pellets shows complete reduction at temperatures of 1173 and 1223 K within 120 minutes. The reduction results clearly show that the reducibility of the pellets depends on the initial mineralogy of the ore. It was also observed that the reducibility decreased as gangue content (Al2O3 + SiO2) increases. The activation energy of the pellets decreased from 46.54 and 49.13 kJ/mol when the gangue content increased. The pellets were metallographically characterized before and after reduction to identify phase transformations. Examination of the SEM microphotographs revealed that Whisker shape of iron grains were formed during the reduction process and clear porous structure was observed.

Magnetization of Low Grade Iron Ore Using Empty Fruit Bunch Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhani Yunus Nurul ◽  
Hanafi Ani Mohd ◽  
Purwanto Hadi ◽  
Mohd Salleh Hamzah ◽  
Zamani Abd Rashid Rusila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

Malaysian low grade iron ore is unsuitable as raw material for domestic iron making due to high energy consumption which correspond to low iron content. The present agricultural residues from domestic palm oil industry are attractive proposition as energy source for iron making. This work describes the use of ash produced from pyrolysis of palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) to magnetize the low grade iron ore. A briquette composite of iron ore and ash is subjected to reduction process using an electric tube furnace under argon atmosphere at 873K and 1073K. The ore was successfully magnetized through reduction process as carbon in EFB ash act as reductant. The results showed that the reduction degree was greatly enhanced with increasing of temperature and time. The significant phase changes of iron ore from a non-magnetic material of goethite to a strong magnetic material of magnetite was detected in XRD patterns. The process indicated that substitution of coal with EFB ash as an energy source has a potential in replacing fossil fuel by magnetizining the iron ore as well as encourage waste management control.

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