scholarly journals Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Metals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Sofia Gaiaschi ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
Steinar Raaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

scholarly journals Fabrication and characterisation of porous, calcium enriched coatings on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation under DC regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rokosz ◽  
T. Hryniewicz ◽  
K. Pietrzak ◽  
P. Sadlak ◽  
J. Valíček
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Peo Coatings

Abstract The purpose of this work is to produce and characterize (chemical composition and roughness parameters) porous coatings enriched in calcium and phosphorus on the titanium (CP Titanium Grade 2) by plasma electrolytic oxidation. As an electrolyte, a mixture of phosphoric acid H3PO4 and calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2·4H2O was used. Based on obtained EDS and roughness results of PEO coatings, the effect of PEO voltages on the chemical composition and surface roughness of porous coatings was determined. With voltage increasing from 450 V to 650 V, the calcium in PEO coatings obtained in freshly prepared electrolyte was also found to increase. In addition, the Ca/P ratio increased linearly with voltage increasing according to the formula Ca/P = 0.035·U+0.176 (by wt%) and Ca/P = 0.03·U+0.13 (by at%). It was also noticed that the surface roughness increases with the voltage increasing, what is related to the change in coating porosity, i.e. the higher is the surface roughness, the bigger are pores sizes obtained.

scholarly journals SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rokosz ◽  
T. Hryniewicz ◽  
K. Pietrzak ◽  
W. Malorny
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Peo Coatings

AbstractThe SEM and EDS results of porous coatings formed on pure titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (Micro Arc Oxidation) under DC regime of voltage in the electrolytes containing of 500 g zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2·6H2O in 1000 mL of concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4at three voltages, i.e. 450 V, 550 V, 650 V for 3 minutes, are presented. The PEO coatings with pores, which have different shapes and the diameters, consist mainly of phosphorus, titanium and zinc. The maximum of zinc-to-phosphorus (Zn/P) ratio was found for treatment at 650 V and it equals 0.43 (wt%) | 0.20 (at%), while the minimum of that coefficient was recorded for the voltage of 450 V and equaling 0.26 (wt%) | 0.12 (at%). Performed studies have shown a possible way to form the porous coatings enriched with zinc by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in electrolyte containing concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4with zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2·6H2O.

Characterization of porous coatings obtained via plasma electrolytic oxidation

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-214
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Antje Schütz ◽  
Jan Heeg ◽  
Marion Wienecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

scholarly journals Characterization of Porous Phosphate Coatings Enriched with Magnesium or Zinc on CP Titanium Grade 2 under DC Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Sofia Gaiaschi ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
Steinar Raaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Dc Plasma ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Porous Phosphate

scholarly journals Characterization of Porous Phosphate Coatings Created on CP Titanium Grade 2 Enriched with Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Copper by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Steinar Raaen ◽  
Sofia Gaiaschi ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Porous Coating ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Peo Coatings

In the paper, the effect of voltage increasing (from 500 VDC up to 650 VDC) on the structure and chemical composition of porous coating on titanium made by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation, is presented. In the present paper, phosphates based coatings enriched with calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper in electrolyte based on 1 L of 85% concentrated H3PO4 with additions of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, and Mg(NO3)2∙6H2O, and Zn(NO3)2∙6H2O, and Cu(NO3)2∙3H2O, are described. The morphology, chemical and phase composition, are evaluated using SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, GDOES. Based on all the analyses, it was found out that the PEO coatings are porous and enriched with calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. They consist mainly of the amorphous phase, which is more visible for higher voltages, and it is correlated with the increasing of the total PEO coating thickness (the higher the voltage, the thicker the PEO coating). However, for 650 VDC an amorphous phase and titanium substrate was also recorded with a signal from Ti2P2O7 crystalline, that was not observed for lower voltages. It was also found out that all the obtained coatings may be divided in three sub-layers, i.e. porous, semiporous, and transition one.

Niobium treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation with calcium and phosphorus electrolytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Leandro Pereira ◽  
Aline Rossetto da Luz ◽  
Carlos Maurício Lepienski ◽  
Irineu Mazzaro ◽  
Neide Kazue Kuromoto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

scholarly journals Phosphate Porous Coatings Enriched with Selected Elements via PEO Treatment on Titanium and Its Alloys: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Łukasz Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

This paper shows that the subject of porous coatings fabrication by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known also as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), is still current, inter alia because metals and alloys, which can be treated by the PEO method, for example, titanium, niobium, tantalum and their alloys, are increasingly available for sale. On the international market, apart from scientific works/activity developed at universities, scientific research on the PEO coatings is also underway in companies such as Keronite (Great Britain), Magoxid-Coat (Germany), Mofratech (France), Machaon (Russia), as well as CeraFuse, Tagnite, Microplasmic (USA). In addition, it should be noted that the development of the space industry and implantology will force the production of trouble-free micro- and macro-machines with very high durability. Another aspect in favor of this technique is the rate of part treatment, which does not exceed several dozen minutes, and usually only lasts a few minutes. Another advantage is functionalization of fabricated surface through thermal or hydrothermal modification of fabricated coatings, or other methods (Physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel), including also reoxidation by PEO treatment in another electrolyte. In the following chapters, coatings obtained both in aqueous solutions and electrolytes based on orthophosphoric acid will be presented; therein, dependent on the PEO treatment and the electrolyte used, they are characterized by different properties associated with their subsequent use. The possibilities for using coatings produced by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation are very wide, beginning from various types of catalysts, gas sensors, to biocompatible and antibacterial coatings, as well as hard wear coatings used in machine parts, among others, used in the aviation and aerospace industries.

GDOES, XPS, and SEM with EDS analysis of porous coatings obtained on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Steinar Raaen ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
Łukasz Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic
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