scholarly journals Evaluation of Copper Leaching for Subsequent Recovery from the Waste Dumps of the Linares Mining District and Their Use for Construction Materials

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Ana María Castañón ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

The development of the population’s well-being involves the use of different raw materials. However, metallic elements such as copper are currently scarce due to their intensive use in different sectors. Therefore, new sources of raw materials that provide these elements, are of lower cost, and use waste for their extraction must be sought. For this reason, in this research, different waste dumps of the mining district of Linares (Spain) are studied to evaluate the existence of recoverable copper by hydrometallurgical techniques. The material from the waste dump selected as potentially viable is leached with different sulfuric acid solutions (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mol) and at different times, obtaining copper concentrations usable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processes. In addition, in order to develop an environmental hydrometallurgy, the leach waste is characterized, and bituminous mixtures are made with it. The results of the present investigation showed that it was possible to recover 80% of the copper in the waste dumps of the Linares mining district with 1 and 2 mol solutions of sulfuric acid. At the same time, the waste from the leaching process was found to be suitable for use as an aggregate in bituminous mixtures. Therefore, bituminous mixtures were conformed, and it was obtained that the optimum percentage of bituminous emulsion was 6.95% for the proposed granulometry. This emulsion percentage, which corresponds to a residual bitumen percentage of 4.17%, showed particle loss test results of 14% and 18% after immersion. In addition, the stability test values for the Marshall test with the above-mentioned bitumen emulsion percentage and leaching waste showed a stability of 8.99 KN. This fact demonstrates the quality of the bituminous mixture made with the leaching waste for use in bituminous mixtures. Consequently, it can be affirmed that in the present investigation, a significant percentage of copper has been extracted from the waste dumps of the mining district of Linares (Spain) and that the waste after processing can be used in bituminous mixtures, there being a closed cycle of materials in which no waste is produced.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

scholarly journals Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6740
Author(s):  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez ◽  
Laura Álvarez de Prado ◽  
Marta Menéndez Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Different Soils

Mining is an essential activity for obtaining materials necessary for the well-being and development of society. However, this activity produces important environmental impacts that must be controlled. More specifically, there are different soils near new or abandoned mining productions that have been contaminated with potentially toxic elements, and currently represent an important environmental problem. In this research, a contaminated soil from the mining district of Linares was studied for its use as a raw material for the conforming of ceramic materials, bricks, dedicated to construction. Firstly, the contaminated soil was chemically and physically characterized in order to evaluate its suitability. Subsequently, different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of clay and contaminated soil. Finally, the conformed ceramics were physically and mechanically characterized to examine the variation produced in the ceramic material by the incorporation of the contaminated soil. In addition, in this research, leachate tests were performed according to the TCLP method determining whether encapsulation of potentially toxic elements in the soil occurs. The results showed that all families of ceramic materials have acceptable physical properties, with a soil percentage of less than 80% being acceptable to obtain adequate mechanical properties and a maximum of 70% of contaminated soil to obtain acceptable leachate according to EPA regulations. Therefore, the maximum percentage of contaminated soil that can be incorporated into the ceramic material is 70% in order to comply with all standards. Consequently, this research not only avoids the contamination that contaminated soil can produce, but also valorizes this element as a raw material for new materials, avoiding the extraction of clay and reducing the environmental impact.

scholarly journals Development of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion and Biomass Bottom Ash

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

Power generation from biomass is one of the most promising energy sources available today. However, this industry has a series of wastes derived from its activity, mainly biomass fly ash and biomass bottom ash. Biomass bottom ash is a waste that has no current use and, in most cases, is deposited in landfills. In turn, road construction is one of the activities that produces the most pollution, as it requires huge amounts of raw materials. Therefore, this research proposes the use of biomass bottom ashes, in an unaltered form, for the formation of cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion. This type of mixture, which is highly sustainable owing to the use of a high percentage of waste, was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement, biomass bottom ash, water, and bitumen emulsion. To this end, the grading curve of the materials was analyzed, different bituminous mixtures were made with varying percentages of emulsion and water, and the mechanical properties of the mixtures were analyzed. At the same time, the same type of mix was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement and commercial limestone aggregate, in order to compare the results. The tests showed a better mechanical behavior of the bituminous mixes made with biomass bottom ash, maintaining physical properties similar to those of conventional mixes. In short, it was confirmed that the production of this type of mix with biomass bottom ash was feasible, creating sustainable materials that reuse currently unused waste and avoid landfill disposal.

scholarly journals Rare-Earth Concentrate Production From Technogenic Mineral Formations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
B. K. Kengaliev ◽  
T.YU. Surkova ◽  
S.B. Yulusov ◽  
E. A. Pirmatov ◽  
A. P. Dulenin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heap Leaching ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions ◽  
Concentrate Production

<p>Based on the analysis technology of processing of uranium-containing raw materials, identified potential sources of rare earth elements from among the industrial products and waste: uranium sorption tails, sulfuric acid solutions of heap leaching of uranium, man-made mineral formations from phosphate processing of uranium ores. Based on the analysis technology of processing of uranium-containing raw materials, identified potential sources of rare earth elements from among the industrial products and waste: uranium sorption tails, sulfuric acid solutions of heap leaching of uranium, man-made mineral formations from phosphate processing of uranium ores.</p>

scholarly journals Study of the expansion of cement mortars manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag LFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (334) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
I. Santamaría-Vicario ◽  
V. Calderón ◽  
C. Junco ◽  
J. García-Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Stability

Industrial by-products generated in the steel manufacturing are successfully used as raw materials in the production of construction materials. However, steel slags, due to their nature and composition, can cause undesirable side-effects in mortars and concretes. The reactive components of LFS and EAFS can affect the stability of the cement matrix. This situation may be prevented by an adequate pre-treatment of slag stabilization and a study of the possible reactions within its mineralogical components, to ensure the stability of the slag over time. In this work, an experimental process is shown to evaluate the behaviour of LFS under adverse environmental conditions when used as aggregates in the manufacture of cement mortars for masonry, such as the presence of humidity, high temperatures (80°C) and possible alkali-silica and alkali-silicate reactions. The results show an acceptable behaviour under normal environmental conditions (20°C). However, the formation crystalline acicular structures were observed under high temperatures (80°C) and in the presence of humidity, which degraded the internal structure of the mortars manufactured with LFS.

scholarly journals Development of Porous Asphalt with Bitumen Emulsion, Electric arc Furnace Slag and Cellulose Fibers for Medium Traffic Roads

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The construction of road infrastructure is one of the most polluting activities that exists today. Therefore, the use of waste from other industries is an excellent solution, since it reduces the consumption of raw materials, reduces CO2 emissions and avoids the disposal of waste in a landfill. In this study, electric arc furnace slag, cellulose fibers from the papermaking industry and bitumen emulsion were used for the conformation of sustainable and porous bituminous mixtures. Electric arc furnace slag was used as a high-resistance aggregate with a capacity sufficient to support traffic loads. Cellulose fibers were added to increase the percentage of binder in the mixture without bleeding problems, thereby achieving greater tensile strength. To do this, first the waste was physically and chemically characterized, then different mixtures were conformed and finally the mixtures were studied by means of the loss by wear and Marshall tests. The results reflected an optimal combination of materials that provided the best results in the mechanical tests, obtaining much better results than the mixtures with discontinuous grading and traditional bitumen emulsion. Therefore, a sustainable, porous and economical mixture for road use is obtained in this research.

FUNDAMENTAL CAPITAL FINANCING OF PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Farrux Zulfiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability

This article is based on the principles of shared financing of the production of raw materials. The article is aimed at financing the production of capital on the basis of equity in order to further strengthen the stability of economic reforms in the republic. At the same time, the essence of equity financing, the risks associated with it, and the efficiency of raw materials are covered

Protection features of chromium-nickel steel in sulfuric acid solutions by triazole derivative

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Ya.G. Avdeev ◽  
◽  
Yu.B. Makarychev ◽  
D.S. Kuznetsov ◽  
L.P. Kazanskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Triazole Derivative ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document