scholarly journals Forming and Heat Treatment of Modern Metallic Materials

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Ján Moravec ◽  
Karel Gryc
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Material Processing ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Metallic Material

Forming and heat treatment of metals are crucial technologies for final metallic material processing at the end of production line, before they are incorporated into the final products or crucial components of more and more demanding systems required for the sustainability and development and of our civilization [...]

An Experimental Study on the Properties of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-563
Author(s):  
A. G. Toroslu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
High Density ◽  
Magnetic Method ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Alloy Particles ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Abstract Recycling of plastic materials has become more environmentally important than recycling of other materials. The most important problem during recycling is the presence of oil, dirt, dust and metal particles that are mixed with plastic materials. These mixtures can change their its mechanical and physical properties and it is quite costly to remove them completely. Removing iron alloy particles from plastic is possible by using the magnetic method. However, removing non-metallic materials requires extra processing. In this study, the use of recycled High-Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) without an expensive cleaning processes has been investigated. Different amounts of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) were added to High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) to simulate the effect of non-metallic material involved. The effect of these contamination rates on the mechanical and physical properties of HDPE was examined in detail. For this purpose, recyclable materials were produced by mixing rHDPE with 1%, to 7% Al2O3 . The results show that up to 7% of the mixture has acceptable effects on the properties of HDPE. When the results of the experiments are examined, it is observed that there is a 3.74% change in the elastic modulus of the material. This means, that up to 7% non-metal contaminated rHDPE material can be used without any costly recycling process.

scholarly journals SOME EFFECTS OF THE SVM GENERATOR ON MELTS OF METALS AND POLYMER MATERIALS

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
V. F Panov ◽  
A. E Boyarshinov ◽  
A. V Klyuev ◽  
S. A Kurapov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Material Processing ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials

The paper presents the latest results of the effect of SVM generators on melts of metals and polymeric materials, as well as the effect on metals during heat treatment. Shown is a block diagram of an installation for SVM material processing. Made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the use of SVM generators in metallurgy based on relational physics, quantum theory, and real relativity.

scholarly journals Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Jovičević-Klug ◽  
Bojan Podgornik
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Ferrous Alloys ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Proper Material

Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is a type of cryogenic treatment, where a metallic material is subjected to temperatures below -150°C, normally to temperatures of liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). When a material is exposed to DCT as a part of heat treatment, changes in microstructure are induced due to new grain formation, changes in grain size, change in the solubility of atoms, movement of dislocations, alteration of crystal structure, and finally new phase formation. The metallic material's performance and later performance of manufactured components and tools from this specific material are dependent on the selection of proper design, proper material, accuracy with which the tool is made and application of proper heat treatment, including any eventual DCT. Metallic materials are ferrous and non-ferrous metals. In the last years ferrous metals (different grades of steel) and non-ferrous alloys (aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel etc.) have been increasingly treated with DCT to alter their properties. DCT treatment has shown to reduce density of defects in crystal structure, increase wear resistance of material, increase hardness, improve toughness, and reduce tensile strength and corrosion resistance. However, some researchers also reported results showing no change in properties (toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, etc.) or even deterioration when subjected to DCT treatment. This leads to a lack of consistency and reliability of the treatment process, which is needed for successful application in industry. This review provides a synopsis of DCT usage and resulting effects on treated materials used in automotive industry.

Probabilistic model of surface layer removal when grinding brittle non-metallic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Sergey Bratan ◽  
◽  
Stanislav Roshchupkin ◽  
Alexander Kharchenko ◽  
Anastasia Chasovitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Deformable Solid ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. The final quality of products is formed during finishing operations, which include the grinding process. It is known that when grinding brittle materials, the cost of grinding work increases significantly. It is possible to reduce the scatter of product quality indicators when grinding brittle materials, as well as to increase the reliability and efficiency of the operation, by choosing the optimal parameters of the technological system based on dynamic models of the process. However, to describe the regularities of the removal of particles of a brittle non-metallic material and the wear of the surface of the grinding wheel in the contact zone, the known models do not allow taking into account the peculiarities of the process in which micro-cutting and brittle chipping of the material are combined. Purpose of the work: to create a new probabilistic model for removing the surface layer when grinding brittle non-metallic materials. The task is to study the laws governing the removal of particles of brittle non-metallic material in the contact zone. In this work, the removal of material in the contact zone as a result of microcutting and brittle chipping is considered as a random event. The research methods are mathematical and physical simulation using the basic provisions of the theory of probability, the laws of distribution of random variables, as well as the theory of cutting and the theory of a deformable solid. Results and discussion. The developed mathematical models make it possible to trace the effect on material removal of the overlap of single cuts on each other when grinding holes in ceramic materials. The proposed dependences show the regularity of stock removal within the arc of contact of the grinding wheel with the workpiece. The considered features of the change in the probability of material removal upon contact of the treated surface with an abrasive tool and the proposed analytical dependences are valid for a wide range of grinding modes, wheel characteristics and a number of other technological factors. The obtained expressions make it possible to find the amount of material removal also for schemes of end, flat and circular external grinding, for which it is necessary to know the amount of removal increment due to brittle fracture during the development of microcracks in the surface layer. One of the ways to determine the magnitude of this increment is to simulate the crack formation process using a computer. The presented results confirm the prospects of the developed approach to simulate the processes of mechanical processing of brittle non-metallic materials.

Solving Selected Problems with Ultrasonic Surface Strengthening of Metal Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Králik ◽  
Vladimír Jerz
Keyword(s):  
Machining Process ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Final State ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Correct Implementation

The final machining and component forming operations have a considerable impact on final state of the surface layers in the machining process. These also include the technological operation of ultrasonic dynamic strengthening of the component surface layers. It is a specific surface-forming technology due to which the component properties can be effectively influenced, especially in their surface layers. Correct implementation of this technology can improve efficiency and extend the life span of both the produced components and the technical equipment. The article deals with the methods of special simulation of ultrasonic dynamic strengthening of metallic materials. Based on the results of the simulation, the technological parameters of the process of metallic material strengthening and ultrasonic concentrator design can be determined.

scholarly journals The Influence of Neodymium Element on the Crater Structure Formed on Al-17.5Si Alloy Surface Processed by High-Current Pulsed Electron Beam

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Kui Li ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Denisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Primary Silicon ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
High Current ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

The effect of neodymium element on the elimination of crater structures on the surface of Al-17.5Si metallic materials processed by high-current pulsed electron beam was investigated in this study. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the grain sizes of Al-17.5Si metallic materials were reduced and craters were removed from surfaces of the processed Al-17.5Si metallic material after addition of Nd. This can be attributed to the efficient transfer of heat accumulated in rich-silicon (primary silicon) areas without the eruption of a primary silicon phase if the size of primary silicon grains are small. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that all diffraction peaks are broadened because of the presence of structural defects, grain refinement and stress state. Electron probe micro-analyzer analysis demonstrated that Al and Nd were evenly distributed on the surface of the treated alloy, which could be attributed to the diffusion of the element. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that nano-Al and nano-Si cellular textures were generated during the treated process. The formation of these structures can be attributed to rapid heating and cooling effects by the treatment. Finally, electrochemical tests revealed that the corrosion current density of Al-17.5Si metallic materials (with Nd, 0.3 wt.%.) surface decreased by three orders of magnitude compared with that of the processed Al-17.5Si metallic material surfaces (without Nd). This can be attributed to the elimination of craters and grain refining.

Using Indentation Test to Evaluate the Properties of Metallic Material with Strain Aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Mao Cheng ◽  
Guo Gen Huang ◽  
Hong Shu ◽  
Hui Ting Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Strain Aging ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Method

In this paper, research on a testing method of indentation test proposed by F M Haggag is discussed first, and the experimental testing research on metallic material properties with strain aging is carried out and discussed using indentation test. The authors proposed to use indentation test to measure the properties of metallic materials with strain aging embrittlement based on experimental verification. And it provides a possibility to measure the properties of metallic materials with strain aging using nondestructive testing method.

Elements of Quality Analysis in Metallic Materials Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ioana ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Cezar Florin Preda
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Electric Steel ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Analysis Models

The paper presents the main methods of technical-economical analysis of the quality of the metallic material production. The technical - economical analysis of the electric steels quality can be processed both for the product (electric steel) and for the company (electric steelworks). Both the analysis methods for products (A) and the ones for companies (B) are presented in comparison. There are mainly presented and analyzed a specific analysis models for steels elaboration in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). The main elements specific to the two categories of analysis methods, including mathematical models. The quality of the steels elaborated in the EAF is a very important parameter. From this point of view, there is the need of analyzing the electric steels quality in various methods, including by technical-economical ones. The technical - economical analysis of the electric steels quality can be processed both for the product (electric steel) and for the company (electric steelworks). For the technical - economical analysis for the electric steels quality, we can use two methods: methods of the analysis for the products quality (MAPQ); methods of the analysis for the companys (MACQ).

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