scholarly journals Fe-X-B-Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying: Influence of Milling Device

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Albert Carrillo ◽  
Joan Saurina ◽  
Lluisa Escoda ◽  
Joan-Josep Suñol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Apparent Activation Energies ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Comparative Study

In this work, we analyze the influence of the milling device in the microstructural evolution of two Fe-X-B-Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) alloys produced by mechanical alloying (MA). The two milling devices are a planetary mil (P7) and a shaker mill (SPEX 8000). Microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction detects the formation of a Fe rich solid solution. In the Fe-Nb-B-Cu alloy produced in the shaker mill also appears a Nb(B) minor phase, whereas in the Fe-NiZr-B-Cu alloy produced in the planetary mill, a minor disordered phase is formed. The comparative study regarding the energy transferred per unit of time in both devices determines that the shaker mill is more energetic. This fact explains that in the Fe-Nb-B-Cu alloy, Nb has not been introduced in the main Fe rich phase, whereas in the Fe-NiZr-B-Cu alloy milled in the shaker mill was formed the highly disordered phase. With regard to thermal analysis, the values of the apparent activation energies of the main crystallization process (above 200 kJ/mol) correspond to the crystalline growth of the nanocrystalline Fe rich phase.

Development of Biodegradable Mg-Ti Alloy Synthesized Using Mechanical Alloying

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emee Marina Salleh ◽  
Sivakumar Ramakrishnan ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Argon Flow ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ti Powder

The aim of this work was to study the effect of milling time on binary magnesium-titanium (Mg-Ti) alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying. A powder mixture of Mg and Ti with the composition of Mg-15wt%Ti was milled in a planetary mill under argon atmosphere using a stainless steel container and balls. Milling process was carried out at 400 rpm for various milling time of 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 hours. 3% n-heptane solution was added prior to milling process to avoid excessive cold welding of the powder. Then, as-milled powder was compacted under 400 MPa and sintered in a tube furnace at 500 °C in argon flow. The refinement analysis of the x-ray diffraction patterns shows the presence of Mg-Ti solid solution when Mg-Ti powder was mechanically milled for 15 hours and further. Enhancements of Mg-Ti phase formation with a reduction in Mg crystallite size were observed with the increase in milling time. A prolonged milling time has increased the density and hardness of the sintered Mg-Ti alloy.

Obtaining of the Ir-Al Nanocrystalline Powders by Mechanical Alloying

2011 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Ionel Chicinaş ◽  
P. Cârlan ◽  
Florin Popa ◽  
Virgiliu Călin Prică ◽  
Lidia Adriana Sorcoi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The Ir-Al powder in the 1:1 atomic ratio was obtained by high energy mechanical alloying in a Pulverisette 4 Fritch planetary mill. The final product was obtained after 28 h of milling in argon atmosphere. Alloy formation was investigated by X-ray diffraction. After 4 h of milling the new structure of IrAl compound is found in the diffraction patterns. The obtained powders are nanocrystalline with a mean crystallite size of 11 nm after 28 h of milling. The particle morphology and the chemical homogeneity were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX). It was found that the obtained compound present large particles composed by smaller one.

Nickel Silicides Synthesized by High Energy Ball Milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1625-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Shun Ji ◽  
Qin Ma ◽  
Tie Ming Guo ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Jian Gang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure Morphology ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The high energy ball milling of Ni-50 atom % Si elemental powder mixtures was carried out using a planetary mill. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase evolutions during the high energy ball milling period. The microstructure morphology of the powders milled different time was determined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The beginning time of mechanical alloying was determined by back scattered electrons (BSE) images. The XRD patterns showed that the nickel peaks intensity and the silicon peaks intensity obviously decreased with milling time increased to 1 hour. BSE images revealed that nickel and silicon powders were not blended uniformly for 1 hour of milling. It was found that NiSi formed as the milling time increased to 5 hours, simultaneously, the nickel peaks and the silicon peaks almost disappeared. That means the obvious mechanical alloying started from 5 hours of milling. BSE images agreed with the result analyzed from XRD patterns. With the milling time further increased from 10 to 75 hours, the NiSi peaks decreased gradually, at the same time, the Ni2Si peaks appeared and then increased gradually.

Effect of Microstructure of Mo-Cu Alloy on the Thermal Expansion Coefficient

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Feng Li ◽  
Hai Yan Liu ◽  
Ai Jun Li ◽  
Han Liang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Ping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Sealing Material ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
A Minor

Mo-Cu alloy with high density can be fabricated at lower sintering temperature by high-energy ball-milling mechanical-alloying method and adding activation element. The rule of change of microstructure and its effect on the thermal expansion coefficient are studied. It is found that the holes in the Mo-Cu alloy sintered at lower temperature disappear, and Mo and Cu distribute uniformly. The Mo particles are fine-grained, and distribute uniformly in the Cu particles using the mechanical-alloying method. The change of thermal expansion coefficient with temperature is in accordance with the effect of adding activation element. There is a minor inflexion in the thermal expansion coefficient curve at 500°C. The change of thermal expansion coefficient with temperature is the same as 95% Al2O3 sealing material. Thus, the thermal property between Mo-Cu alloy and 95% Al2O3 match well.

scholarly journals Evolution of Face-Centered Cubic Ti Alloys Transformation by X-ray Diffraction Profile Analysis in Mechanical Alloying

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Edgar Pio ◽  
Ariosto Medina ◽  
Carola Martínez ◽  
Felipe Manuel Castro Cerda ◽  
Claudio Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered

Four titanium alloys (Ti-Ta, Ti-Ta-Sn, Ti-Ta-Mn, and Ti-Nb-Sn) were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) in a planetary mill in different times between 2 h and 100 h. The microstructure characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), in which the Rietveld method was applied to analyze the diffraction patterns. The study demonstrated that after short milling times between 2 h and 30 h, the fraction of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase decreases; at the same time, the formation of body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) Ti phases are promoted. Additionally, after 30 h of MA, the full transformation of hcp-Ti was observed, and the bcc-Ti to fcc-Ti phase transformation took place until 50 h. The results suggest that the addition of Ta and Sn promotes the fcc-Ti phase formation, obtaining 100% of this phase at 50 h onwards, whereas Nb and Mn show the opposite effect.

The Influence of Milling Time and Impact Force on the Mutual Diffusion of Al and Cu during Synthesis of Al-4.5wt%Cu Alloy via Mechanical Alloying

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mostaed ◽  
Ehsan Mostaed ◽  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
H. Saghafian ◽  
Hamid Reza Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Elemental Diffusion

The study of mechanical alloying (MA) process on the immiscible Al–Cu systems having positive heats of mixing has been investigated by the earlier researchers. However, a comprehensive understanding of the diffusion phenomenon during the mechanical alloying process is still far from complete. The effects of milling time and impact force, defined as the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR), on the elemental diffusion during mechanical alloying process of Al-4.5wt%Cu were evaluated in the current work. X-ray diffraction results showed that increasing the milling time and impact force led to increasing the dislocation as because of increasing the micro-strain, lattice parameter and decreasing the crystallite size. As a result of this, the diffusion rate was enhanced. The interpretation of data resulted have been discussed in details.

Antiphase Boundaries in Ordered Ni3FE Crystals

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Y. H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Domain Size ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardening Mechanism ◽  
Superlattice Structure ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Difference

Ordered Ni3Fe crystals possess a LI2 type superlattice similar to the Cu3Au structure. The difference in slip behavior of the superlattice as compared with that of a disordered phase has been well established. Cottrell first postulated that the increase in resistance for slip in the superlattice structure is attributed to the presence of antiphase domain boundaries. Following Cottrell's domain hardening mechanism, numerous workers have proposed other refined models also involving the presence of domain boundaries. Using the anomalous X-ray diffraction technique, Davies and Stoloff have shown that the hardness of the Ni3Fe superlattice varies with the domain size. So far, no direct observation of antiphase domain boundaries in Ni3Fe has been reported. Because the atomic scattering factors of the elements in NijFe are so close, the superlattice reflections are not easily detected. Furthermore, the domain configurations in NioFe are thought to be independent of the crystallographic orientations.

Mechanical properties of FeAlSi powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čech ◽  
Petr Haušild ◽  
Miroslav Karlík ◽  
Veronika Kadlecová ◽  
Jiří Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Complete Homogenization

FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials (Fe, Al, Si, FeAl27) were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation techniques were used to analyze microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). Finite element model was developed to account for the decrease in measured values of mechanical properties of powder particles with increasing penetration depth caused by surrounding soft resin used for embedding powder particles. Progressive homogenization of the powders’ microstructure and an increase of hardness and Young’s modulus with milling time were observed and the time for complete homogenization was estimated.

scholarly journals X-ray and Neutron Study on the Structure of Hydrous SiO2 Glass up to 10 GPa

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Urakawa ◽  
Toru Inoue ◽  
Takanori Hattori ◽  
Asami Sano-Furukawa ◽  
Shinji Kohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Void Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Sio2 ◽  
Sio2 Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
A Minor

The structure of hydrous amorphous SiO2 is fundamental in order to investigate the effects of water on the physicochemical properties of oxide glasses and magma. The hydrous SiO2 glass with 13 wt.% D2O was synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions and its structure was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction, and neutron diffraction experiments at pressures of up to 10 GPa and room temperature. This hydrous glass is separated into two phases: a major phase rich in SiO2 and a minor phase rich in D2O molecules distributed as small domains with dimensions of less than 100 Å. Medium-range order of the hydrous glass shrinks compared to the anhydrous SiO2 glass by disruption of SiO4 linkage due to the formation of Si–OD deuterioxyl, while the response of its structure to pressure is almost the same as that of the anhydrous SiO2 glass. Most of D2O molecules are in the small domains and hardly penetrate into the void space in the ring consisting of SiO4 tetrahedra.

Mechanical Alloying Behavior in the Nb-Si, Ta-Si, and Nb-Ta-Si Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kumar ◽  
S. K. Mannan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crystalline Compound ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

ABSTRACTThe mechanical alloying behavior of elemental powders in the Nb-Si, Ta-Si, and Nb-Ta-Si systems was examined via X-ray diffraction. The line compounds NbSi2 and TaSi2 form as crystalline compounds rather than amorphous products, but Nb5Si3 and Ta5Si3, although chemically analogous, respond very differently to mechanical milling. The Ta5Si3 composition goes directly from elemental powders to an amorphous product, whereas Nb5Si3 forms as a crystalline compound. The Nb5Si3 compound consists of both the tetragonal room-temperature α phase (c/a = 1.8) and the tetragonal high-temperature β phase (c/a = 0.5). Substituting increasing amounts of Ta for Nb in Nb5Si3 initially stabilizes the α-Nb5Si3 structure preferentially, and subsequently inhibits the formation of a crystalline compound.

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