scholarly journals Characterisation of High Temperature Oxidation Phenomena during AISI 430 Stainless Steel Manufacturing under a Controlled H2 Atmosphere for Bright Annealing

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Irene Collado García ◽  
Andrés Núñez Galindo ◽  
Juan F. Almagro Bello ◽  
Juan M. González Leal ◽  
Javier F. Botana Pedemonte
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 430 ◽  
Bright Annealing

Localised-in-the-edge oxidation of four AISI 430 alloys was investigated after an industrial bright annealing process. The oxidised surface of each specimen was characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman-spectroscopy and SEM. The results showed that the selective oxidation of Cr and Mn took place at the coil edges of AISI 430. This led to the formation of an oxide scale based on Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4. On the other hand, the formation of Cr(OH)3 and MnOOH in the outer part of the oxide scale was related to the effect of the H2–N2 environment on the annealing furnace. The results concluded that the composition of Cr and Mn in the alloy determined the composition of the oxidation products. However, the effect of annealing time was minor in this oxidation mechanism, which slightly contributed to an increase in the cation diffusion from the steel to the oxide. Finally, the results obtained indicate that the colouration of the coil edges displayed in each studied material varies according to the alloy chemical composition and annealing time.

scholarly journals Residual Stress Study in Oxide Scale Obtained on High Temperature Oxidation of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 918-923
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Ji Xiao ◽  
Nathalie Prud’homme ◽  
Vincent Ji
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 430

The objective of this work was to investigate high temperature oxidation behavior of AISI 430 stainless steel, which was proposed to use as interconnector in the planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The oxidation of the alloy has been conducted at 700°C, 800°C and 900°C for 12h-96h by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) system. The oxide surface morphology, cross-section microstructure and the chemical composition of the oxide scales were performed by FEG-SEM and EDX. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the oxide phases formed on the alloy and to determine the residual stress in the scale. It has been found that the oxide scale composed of a inner Cr2O3 layer and an outer Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 layer. The residual stresses in both oxide layers are compressive and the residual stress evolutions in the two layers are different according the oxidation temperature.

High Temperature Oxidation of Fe-9Cr-1Mo Steel in Liquid Metal

2008 ◽  
Vol 595-598 ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Martinelli ◽  
Fanny Balbaud-Célérier ◽  
Gerard Picard ◽  
Gerard Santarini
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Lattice Diffusion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Scale Growth ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Steel Oxidation

The oxidation mechanism of the T91 martensitic steel in oxygen-saturated Pb-Bi eutectic at 470°C has been investigated to develop a long term predictive model of the steel oxidation kinetic. This work is performed in the frame of life duration studies carried out for the MEGAPIE spallation module demonstrator dedicated to the feasibility demonstration of an hybrid reactor. Our scientific approach has been based on an experimental characterization of the oxide scales and of the T91 steel oxidation kinetics. From these experimental results, an oxidation mechanism has been elaborated and then simulated. The oxide scale formed at the T91 surface has a duplex structure, constituted of an external magnetite scale and an internal Fe-Cr spinel scale. A scale growth mechanism has been proposed: the magnetite scale growth seems to be limited by the iron lattice diffusion inside the duplex oxide scale. At the same time, a self-regulation mechanism seems to govern the Fe-Cr spinel scale growth. This mechanism consists of a non-limiting oxygen diffusion step, which is carried out, across the oxide scale, inside liquid lead nano-channels and a limiting iron oxide lattice diffusion step. Considering the proposed oxidation mechanism, a simulation of the growth of the two oxides scales has been carried out and compared to the experimental oxidation kinetics. The excellent agreement between the experimental results and the simulations supports to accept the proposed mechanism, leading to prediction of kinetics for long oxidation durations.

High Temperature Oxidation of TiAl and TiAl8Nb Alloys in Air

2011 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Janusz Prazuchi ◽  
Kazimierz Przybylski ◽  
Sébastien Chevalier ◽  
Tomasz Brylewski
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Metallic Substrates ◽  
Oxidation Experiment ◽  
Resistance Structure

Isothermal oxidation of two g-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys: Ti48Al and Ti46Al8Nb alloys was studied in synthetic air at 1073-1223 K for up to 240 hrs. Mass change per unit area for the oxidized samples followed approximately the parabolic rate law. The kp values for the studied temperature interval were in the range from 7.2×10-13 to 1.8×10-11 g2cm-4s-1. The activation energy for oxidation of Ti48Al alloy in air at 1073-1223 K was Ea = 165±12 kJ/mol. Niobium addition to Ti48Al alloy in the amount of 8% increased its oxidation resistance. Structure and chemical composition of the oxidation products, and morphology of the oxidized samples were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, and TEM. The oxide scales formed on Ti48Al and Ti46Al8Nb alloys were well adherent to the metallic substrates and exhibited a multilayer structure. Depending on the oxidation temperature and the alloy composition, the scale consisted of variable amounts of TiO2 and Al2O3. Additionally TiN, and niobium rich particles were also identified in the appropriate oxide scale. To understand the growth mechanism of oxide scale formed on Ti46Al8Nb alloy, two stage oxidation experiment was performed using 16O2/18O2, followed by SNMS and TEM-EDS. Particular attention was paid to the use of TEM in order to precisely characterize the reaction products on the Ti46Al8Nb alloy.

Effect of the batch annealing atmosphere on the oxide scale of hot-rolled AISI 430 stainless steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattapoj Kasemkomase ◽  
Piya Ouraipryvan ◽  
Anchaleeporn Waritswat Lothongkum ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Annealing Atmosphere ◽  
Batch Annealing ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Aisi 430

High temperature oxidation of AISI 430 stainless steel in Ar-H2O at 800 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 108489
Author(s):  
Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn ◽  
Thammaporn Thublaor ◽  
Panya Wiman
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 430

Effect of Humidity on High Temperature Oxidation of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Ji Xiao ◽  
Nathalie Prudhomme ◽  
Vincent Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Spinel Layer ◽  
Breakaway Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 430

In order to investigate the high temperature oxidation behavior of AISI 430 stainless steel in atmosphere with humidity, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been conducted for different duration under air with variable absolute humidity (from 0% to 5%) at 800 °C and 900 °C. XRD has been used to determine residual stresses in each layer and in substrate. It has been found that the oxidation kinetics and residual stresses were affected by the water vapor. After oxidation, the oxide scale composed of an inner Chromia (Cr2O3) layer and an outer Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 spinel layer, while breakaway oxidation happened with the introduction of water vapor at 900 °C. The residual stresses in each of oxide layer are in compression and their levels varied with oxidation conditions.

scholarly journals Directional Oxidation of Pyrite in Acid Solution

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiling Feng ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Yaling Huang ◽  
Zhiying Ding ◽  
Zhoulan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Etch Pits ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
3D Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Oxidation ◽  
Crystallographic Planes

This study aimed to investigate the oxidation mechanism of pyrite crystallographic direction by cutting pyrite samples to expose their (100), (110), and (111) planes. Differences in the oxidation rates of pyrite planes in acid solution were determined. The morphological changes of pyrite were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and hyperdepth-3D microscopy. The oxidation products of pyrite were examined by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that the aqueous oxidation of pyrite produced Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3, and S8 on the surface. Moreover, the morphologies of corrosion patterns differed from one crystal plane to another: square, rectangular, and triangular etch pits were found on the (100), (110), and (111) planes, respectively. The corrosion patterns reflected the symmetrical arrangement of the crystallographic planes in the lattice on which they formed.

High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Tial8Nb Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Przybylski ◽  
J. Prazuch ◽  
T. Brylewski ◽  
E. Durda
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Metallic Substrate ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Oxidation In Air ◽  
Kinetics Of

The goal of this work is to determine the effect of niobium on the kinetics and mechanism of Ti-Al oxidation in air. In order to compare the oxidation kinetics of Ti-Al and Ti-Al with the addition of niobium, isothermal oxidation was performed on Ti-48Al and Ti-46Al-8Nb (in at.%) alloys at 1073 K in synthetic air. Cyclic oxidation of Ti-46Al and Ti-46Al-8Nb alloys was carried out in laboratory air for 42 cycles (1 cycle, 24 hrs). The morphology, as well as chemical and phase composition of the oxidation products were investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). From these investigations it can be concluded that niobium addition increases the corrosion resistance of TiAl and, furthermore, improves the adherence between the metallic substrate and the oxide scale. The oxidation mechanism of Ti-46Al-8Nb was studied via secondary neutral mass spectroscopy (SNMS) after two-stage isothermal oxidation (24 hrs in 16O2 followed by 24 hrs in 18O2) at 1073 K. From this analysis it can be assumed that the oxidation mechanism of Ti-46Al-8Nb alloy consists of simultaneous outward titanium and aluminum diffusion and inward oxygen transport.

Interaction between Mechanical Loading in Creep and Reactivity of Zirconium and Zircaloy in Temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 522-523 ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Moulin ◽  
Rania El Tahhan ◽  
Jérôme Favergeon ◽  
Michel Viennot ◽  
Pascal Berger
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Oxidized Zirconium ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Applied Stresses

In order to study the nucleation and growth of cracks in the outer oxide scale which expand into the underlying alloy, deformation in creep in oxygen or in vacuum of zirconium and Zircaloy-4 has been studied mainly at 500°C. Influence of applied stresses, atmosphere and alloy’s grade on the deformation and oxidation processes are especially analyzed. The results underline the presence of two distinct deformation domains for both alloys grades, depending on the applied stress value. The presence of the oxide scale leads only to slight modifications on the deformation mechanism but it induces an increase of the deformation rate. This enhancement is especially observed in the case of the pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4 whose cracks remain mainly located in the outer part of the oxide. In opposite, the pre-oxidized zirconium shows cracks located down to the underlying metal. Acoustic emission is used to follow, in situ, in temperature the damage process of the outer zirconia layer during creep, and precisions about the oxidation mechanism and the effect of applied stress on oxygen diffusion and oxide growth rate are obtained thanks to the use of 18O as a marker.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document