scholarly journals Structural Properties of Interfacial Layers in Tantalum to Stainless Steel Clad with Copper Interlayer Produced by Explosive Welding

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Paul ◽  
Robert Chulist ◽  
Izabela Mania
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Wave Shape ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Copper Interlayer

A systematic study of explosively welded tantalum and 304 L stainless steel clad with M1E copper interlayer was carried out to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of interfacial layers. Microstructures were examined using transmission and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, whereas mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness measurements and a bending test. The macroscale analyses showed that both interfaces between joined sheets were deformed to a wave-shape with solidified melt zones located preferentially at the crest of the wave and in the wave vortexes. The microscopic analyses showed that the solidified melt zones are composed of nano-/micro-crystalline phases of different chemical composition, incorporating elements from the joined sheets. SEM/electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements revealed the microstructure of layers of parent sheets that undergo severe plastic deformation causing refinement of the initial grains. It has been established that severely deformed areas can undergo recovery and recrystallization already during clad processing. This leads to the formation of new stress-free grains. The microhardness of welded sheets increases significantly as the joining interface is approaching excluding the volumes directly adhering to large melted zones, where a noticeable drop of microhardness, due to recrystallization, is observed. On lateral bending the integrity of the all clad components is conserved.

Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Significant Difference

The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.

Effects of heat treatment on the intermetallic compounds and mechanical properties of the stainless steel 321–aluminum 1230 explosive-welding interface

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Khanzadeh Gharah Shiran ◽  
Gholamreza Khalaj ◽  
Hesam Pouraliakbar ◽  
Mohammadreza Jandaghi ◽  
Hamid Bakhtiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Welding Interface

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires on ceramic brackets associated with low friction ligatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Fernando KOIKE ◽  
Hiroshi MARUO ◽  
Rogério LACERDA-SANTOS ◽  
Matheus Melo PITHON ◽  
Orlando Motohiro TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Ceramic Brackets

Abstract Introduction Few studies investigated the mechanical properties of orthodontic wires on ceramic brackets associated the ligatures. Objective This study aimed to compare the load-deflection of orthodontic wires with round section of 0.016” made of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (GFRPC). Material and method Sixty specimens obtained from 10 sectioned pre-contoured arches (TP Orthodontics), were divided into 3 groups of 20 according to each type of material (1 esthetic-type wire and 2 not esthetic) and length of 50 mm. The methodology consisted of a 3-point bending test using esthetic ceramic brackets (INVU, TP Orthodontics, Edgewise, 0.022”x 0.025”) as points of support. The tensile tests were performed on a mechanical test machine, at a speed of 10 mm/min, deflection of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. Friedman’s Non Parametric Multiple comparisons test was used (P<0.05). Result The nickel-titanium wire presented smaller load/ deflection compared with stainless steel. GFRPC wires had lower strength values among all groups evaluated (P<.05). The steel wire showed permanent deformation after 3 mm deflection, NiTi wire demonstrated memory effect and the esthetic type had fractures with loss of strength. Conclusion It can be concluded that steel wires have high strength values, requiring the incorporation of loops and folds to reduce the load / deflection. NiTi and GFRPC wires produced low levels of force, however the esthetic wire was shown to fracture and break.

Prepare of the New Structure PbTiO3 Nanowires and the Study of the Reversible Bending

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
You Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
The Self ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

When the self-made with Teflon lined with stainless steel reaction kettle is used to produce PbTiO3 nanowires with the adoption of hydrothermal reaction , PbTiO3 nanowires with new structure can be made when Pb/Ti equals 2.2. Observed through the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the bending feature of the PbTiO3 nanowires can be observed for several times when X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) are used to analyse and test the crystal structure of the nanowires. The result of the study shows that the degree of the bending of the PbTiO3 nanowires varies with the intensity of the electron beam from the Transmission Electron Microscopy, and its process can be reversible.

Variation of Mechanical Properties across the Dissimilar Joints: Ferritic steel and Stainless Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prabanjan ◽  
S. Naveen Ajay ◽  
K. Karthick ◽  
S. Malarvizhi ◽  
V. Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
Nominal Strain Rate ◽  
Transverse Tensile

Grade 91 ferritic steel (also known as P91) is widely used for constructing steam generators in prototype fast breeder reactors (PFBR) because of their stress corrosion cracking resistance, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion co-efficient for intermediate heat exchangers and austenitic stainless steels (SS304L, SS316L and SS316LN.) Due to their high temperature creep strength and good corrosion resistance, the dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joints between these materials are unavoidable. Inconel 82/182 filler metal is recommended to join these materials since its thermal expansion co-efficient lies between that of ferritic steel and stainless steel. In the present investigation, the tensile properties of each region of DMW joint have been evaluated. DMW joint between P91 and SS 316LN were fabricated using manual metal arc welding (MMAW) process with inconel 82/182 filler metals. The tensile properties of various regions of DMW were examined at a nominal strain rate of 1×10-3 s-1. Microstructural features of various regions of DMW were examined through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Out of different regions, P91 parent metal exhibited higher tensile strength while the transverse tensile specimens failed at the outer edge of the HAZ of P91 steel. This heterogeneity in mechanical properties may be due to the evolution of complex microstructures developed during welding.

Analysis on the Structure and Performance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Cladding Layer

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4214-4217
Author(s):  
Xiao Ding ◽  
Zhi Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Welding Wire ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resistant Layer

MIG welding overlaid austenitic stainless steel on low alloy Q345B. The overlay cladding comprises a transition layer and corrosion resistant layer. Overlaying specimens of transition layer with different thicknesses were prepared. The mechanical properties of joints were tested by micro-hardness, bending test and other methods. The results showed that the mechanical properties of specimen with ER309L welding wire as transition layer did not have splitting phenomena after being bended. There were no cracks. However, the specimen without transition layer had small crack or tiny cracks. When the transition layer thickness is changed, the performance of overlay cladding is essentially unchanged. The organizations of overlay cladding in four groups of specimens are similar, which are composed of austenite and ferrite, and ferrite was mostly distributed in strips and blocks.

scholarly journals Research on microstructure and mechanical properties of explosively welded stainless steel/commercially pure Ti plate

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Marcin Małek ◽  
Marcin Wachowski ◽  
Robert Kosturek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

Surface protection by the application of explosive welding is one of the meaningful methods used in many chemical devices like reactor condensers, heat exchangers, steam turbines and other processing apparatus. Due to the wide range of explosively welded applications, the problem of the useful lifetime of the products obtained by this method becomes important and should be well understood. Process of explosive welding is related to enormous pressure and high detonation velocity, which causes intense energy release in a short time, which favors to produce solid wavy bond featured with high metallurgical quality. Due to strain hardening in the bond zone, significant changes in microstructures and mechanical properties were observed. In this paper, 316L stainless steel explosively welded with commercially pure titanium was investigated to show the correlations and changes between microstructures and mechanical properties before and after annealing. Application of post-weld heat treatment contributes to stress relieving and improves the mechanical properties, which is closely related to microstructure recrystallization and hardness decrease adjacent to joint.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Joints of Titanium with Stainless Steel Performed using Nickel Filler

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Szwed ◽  
M. Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffusion Brazing ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractDiffusion brazing was performed between titanium (Grade 2) and stainless steel (X5CrNi18-10) using as a filler a nickel foil at the temperatures of 850, 900, 950 and 1000°C. The microstructure was investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray system (EDS). The structure of the joints on the titanium side was composed of the eutectoid mixture αTi+Ti2Ni and layers of intermetallic phases Ti2Ni, TiNi and TiNi3. The stainless steel-nickel interface is free from any reaction layer at 850°C, above this temperature thin layer of reaction appears. The microhardness measured across the joints reaches higher values than for titanium and stainless steel, and it achieves value from 260 to 446 HV. The highest shear strength (214 MPa) was achieved for joints brazed at 900°C.

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