scholarly journals Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of H13 Die Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Rongchun Chen ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Jianguo He ◽  
Fusheng Zhu ◽  
Chunhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
M23c6 Carbide ◽  
Die Steels ◽  
Carbide Distribution ◽  
Re Elements ◽  
The Impact

The effects of rare earth (RE) elements on the carbide distribution, transformation temperature, and mechanical properties of H13 die steels after annealing were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the addition of RE elements is helpful in increasing the fraction of the disrupted M23C6 carbide along the grain boundaries, hindering the migration of grain boundaries and improving the crack-formation and expansion resistance of the carbides in the tensile process. With the addition of RE, the Ac3 temperature increased by 11.4 °C and the diffusion of carbon atoms was pinned during the austenitizing process. Moreover, the carbides were modified by rare earth elements, and RE-inclusion promoted the transition of brittle-type failure to ductile-type failure. Therefore, the impact energy, hardness, and ultimate tensile strength improved significantly in the RE-modified H13 die steels.

scholarly journals Some Mechanical Properties of Experimental Mg-Al -RE-Mn Magnesium Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Braszczyńska-Malik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The results of some mechanical properties of four Mg-5Al-xRE-0.4Mn (x = 1 - 5) alloys are presented. The microstructure of experimental alloys consisted of an α-Mg phase and an α+γ semi-divorced eutectic, Al11RE3 phase and an Al10RE2Mn7 intermetallic compound. For gravity casting in metal mould alloys, Brinell hardness, impact strength, tensile and compression properties at ambient temperature were determined. The performed mechanical tests allowed the author to determine the proportional influence of the mass fraction of rare earth elements in the alloys on their tensile strength, yield strength, compression strength and Brinell hardness. The impact strength of the alloys slightly decreases with a rise in the rare earth elements mass fraction.

Effects of Rare Earth on Mechanical Properties of LZ50 Axle Steels and Its Formation Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-ling Zhang ◽  
Yan-chong Yu ◽  
She-bin Wang ◽  
Yang Hou ◽  
Shu-chun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
Lz50 Steel ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Re Elements ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo study the mechanism of rare earth (RE) elements on the mechanical properties of axle steels, trace RE were added to LZ50 axle steel, which was melted in vacuum induction furnace. By calculating the thermodynamic and kinetic of RE inclusions, the formation mechanism of inclusions was discussed. And the effects of RE elements on the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that RE and O elements in the molten steels diffused into the interface and increased the thickness of the liquid film. The inclusions transform into 1–3 μm spherical RE compound inclusions instead of 5 μm Al2O3-SiO2 with sharp edges. The grain sizes of the steels containing 0.0010 %～0.0026 % RE were decreased, impact toughness and fatigue resistance were improved greatly, compared with the steel without RE. The impact toughness and fatigue resistance of the LZ50 steel with the addition of 0.0010 % RE were increased by 1.65 and 2 times, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Rare Earth Elements (Ce, Y) on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of P20 Die Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2101 (1) ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Qiang Hu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Deping Lu ◽  
Jin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Die Steels ◽  
Matrix Microstructure ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Electroslag remelting P20 die steels with different amount of CeO2 or Y2O3 additions have been investigated by using mechanical tests and scanning electronic microscope with energy dispersive spectrometry. The microstructure of P20 die steels is tempered martensite, in which plenty of carbides precipitate along the martensite laths. With addition of rare earth Ce or Y, the matrix microstructure is refined, the quantity of carbides is decreased, and the distribution of carbides becomes more uniform. As a result of these microstructural changes, both the impact energy and tensile strength increase with increasing rare earth content. The samples obtain optimum microstructure and mechanical properties when the amount of CeO2 or Y2O3 additions reach 4 wt.%. However, over-added CeO2 or Y2O3 (>4 wt.%) results in the increase of carbides quantity and the aggregation of carbides, which reduces the impact energy and tensile strength of the samples. Present study indicates that the optimum addition of CeO2 and Y2O3 for the P20 die steels is 4 wt.%.

The Effect of Aging Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN Austenitic Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Liang ◽  
Wanhua Sha ◽  
Qinxin Zhao ◽  
Chongbin Wang ◽  
Jianyong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Aging Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of aging heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN austenitic steel was investigated in this article. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the microstructure of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN austenitic is composed of austenite. This steel was strengthened by precipitates of secondary phases that were mainly M23C6 carbides and NbCrN nitrides. As aging treatment time increased, the tensile strength first rose (0–3,000 h) and then fell (3,000–5,000 h) due to the decrease of high density of dislocations. The impact absorbed energy decreased sharply, causing the sulfides to precipitate at the grain boundary. Therefore, the content of sulfur should be strictly controlled in the steelmaking process.

Modification in Texture of Magnesium by the Addition of Rare Earth Elements and its Influence on Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugavel Suresh ◽  
Satyam Suwas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Rare Earth Addition ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Re Elements ◽  
The Relationship

Mg alloys show limited room temperature formability compared to its lightweight counterpart aluminium alloys, which is a main obstacle in using this metal for most of the structural applications. However, it is known that grain refinement and texture control are the two possibilities for the improvement of formability of magnesium alloys. Amongst the approaches attempted for the texture weakening, additions through of rare-earth (RE) elements have been found most effective. The relationship between the texture and ductility is well established. In this paper, the effect of rare earth addition on texture weakening has been summarized for various magnesium alloys under the two most common modes of deformation methods.

The Impact Properties of a Polyurethane Composite Filled with Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1100-1103
Author(s):  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

A polyurethane/clay (PU/clay) composite was synthesized. The microstructure of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The impact properties of the composite were characterized by impact testing. The study on the structure of the composite showed that clays could be dispersed in the polymer matrix well apart from a few of clusters. The results from mechanical analysis indicated that the impact properties of the composite were increased greatly in comparison with pure polyurethane. The investigation on the mechanical properties showed that the impact strength could be obviously increased by adding 20 wt% (by weight) clay to the matrix.

scholarly journals Degradation Behavior, Transport Mechanism and Osteogenic Activity of Mg–Zn–RE Alloy Membranes in Critical-Sized Rat Calvarial Defects

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Mingyu Zhao ◽  
Guanqi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xiaodong Yu ◽  
Shenpo Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Rat Calvarial Defect

In this study, a specific Mg–Zn–RE alloy membrane with 6 wt.% zinc and 2.7 wt.% rare earth elements (Y, Gd, La and Ce) was prepared to investigate implant degradation, transport mechanism and guide bone regeneration in vivo. The Mg-membrane microstructure and precipitates were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mg-membrane degradation process and effect on osteogenesis were investigated in a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model via micro-CT examination and hard tissue slicing after 2-, 5- and 8-week implants. Then, the distribution of elements in organs after 1-, 2- and 4-weeks implantation was examined to explore their transportation routes. Results showed that two types of precipitates had formed in the Mg–membrane after a 10-h heat treatment at 175 °C: γ-phase MgZn precipitation with dissolved La, Ce and Gd, and W-phase Mg3(Y, Gd)2Zn3 precipitation rich in Y and Gd. In the degradation process of the Mg-membrane, the Mg matrix degraded first, and the rare earth-rich precipitation particles were transferred to a more stable phosphate compound. The element release rate was dependent on the precipitate type and composition. Rare earth elements may be transported mainly through the lymph system. The defects were repaired rapidly by the membranes. The Mg-membrane used in the present study showed excellent biocompatibility and enhanced bone formation in the vicinity of the implants.

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