scholarly journals Metastable Austenite Transformation Kinetics of Medium-Carbon Silicon-Rich Steel during Partitioning in a Q & P Process

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Yan Han ◽  
Sheng Yin ◽  
Fei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Metastable Austenite ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Kinetics Of

In the present study, quenching and partitioning (Q & P) treatment of a medium-carbon silicon-rich steel was processed by a dilatometer. The volume fraction of the retained austenite at different partitioning times was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The metastable austenite transformation process after different partitioning times was studied by a combination of dilatometry, XRD, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of the transformation kinetics of metastable austenite during partitioning by means of dilatometry and the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation was carried out. The results show that the volume fraction of retained austenite increases first and then decreases with the increase of the partitioning time. The transformation active energy Q = 141 kJ·mol−1 and the Avrami exponent n = 1. The transformation product of metastable austenite is needle-like bainite, which grows perpendicularly towards the boundary of the austenite. Finally, the blocky austenite was divided into lath-shaped forms.

scholarly journals Continuous Cooling Transformation Behaviour and Bainite Transformation Kinetics of 23CrNi3Mo Carburised Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Wenjun Song ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Mingpan Wan ◽  
Chaowen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Austenite Formation ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Bainite Transformation ◽  
Continuous Cooling ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this study, the phase transformation behaviour of the carburised layer and the matrix of 23CrNi3Mo steel was comparatively investigated by constructing continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram, determining the volume fraction of retained austenite (RA) and plotting dilatometric curves. The results indicated that Austenite formation start temperature (Ac1) and Austenite formation finish temperature (Ac3) of the carburised layer decreased compared to the matrix, and the critical cooling rate (0.05 °C/s) of martensite transformation is significantly lower than that (0.8 °C/s) of the matrix. The main products of phase transformation in both the carburised layer and the matrix were martensite and bainite microstructures. Moreover, an increase in carbon content resulted in the formation of lamellar martensite in the carburised layer, whereas the martensite in the matrix was still lath. Furthermore, the volume fraction of RA in the carburised layer was higher than that in the matrix. Moreover, the bainite transformation kinetics of the 23CrNi3Mo steel matrix during the continuous cooling process indicated that the mian mechanism of bainite transformation of the 23CrNi3Mo steel matrix is two-dimensional growth and one-dimensional growth.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of TRIP-Aided Steel Sheet Subjected to Hot-Rolling and Austempering

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 732-737
Author(s):  
Junya Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroto Sawayama ◽  
Naoya Kakefuda ◽  
Goroh Itoh ◽  
Shigeru Kuraoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Steel Sheets

Various high strength steel sheets for weight reduction and safety improvement of vehicles have been developed. TRIP-aided steel with transformation induced plasticity of the retained austenite has high strength and ductility. Conventional TRIP-aided steels are subjected to austempering process after austenitizing. Generally, elongation and formability of TRIP-aided steel are improved by finely dispersed retained austenite in BCC phase matrix. The finely dispersed retained austenite and grain refinement of TRIP-aided steel can be achieved by hot rolling with heat treatment. Therefore, the improvement of mechanical properties of TRIP-aided steel is expected from the manufacturing process with hot rolling and then isothermal transformation process. In this study, thermomechanical heat treatment is performed by combining hot rolling and isothermal holding as the manufacturing process of TRIP-aided steel sheets. The complex phase matrix is obtained by hot rolling and then isothermal holding. Although the hardness of the hot rolled and isothermal held TRIP-aided steel is decreased, the volume fraction of retained austenite is increased.

scholarly journals Effect of Two-Step Austempering Process on Transformation Kinetics of Nanostructured Bainitic Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhe Chu ◽  
Yuman Qin ◽  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Zhinan Yang ◽  
Fucheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Bainitic Steel ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Activation Energy Barrier ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Kinetics Of

The two-step austempering process has been reported to be an effective method to accelerate the bainitic transformation process by introducing martensite (Q-M-B). However, in this study, it was found that the Q-M-B process reduced the incubation time, but the transformation duration remained nearly unchanged. The notably reduced activation energy barrier for nucleation of bainitic ferrite on the preformed martensite should be responsible for the reduced duration time of the Q-M-B process. A process that both of the two steps were above, Ms (Q-B-B), has been demonstrated to increase transformation rate and improve the amount of bainitic ferrite, which probably results from the additional hysteresis free energy provided by the first quenching process.

Transformation kinetics of retained austenite in the tensile Lüders strain range in medium Mn steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Ma ◽  
Haiting Liu ◽  
Qi Lu ◽  
Yong Zhong ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Medium Mn Steel ◽  
Mn Steel ◽  
Kinetics Of

Laser Hardening of Steel

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
W-B. Li ◽  
K.E. Easterling
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Hardening ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTChanges in microstructure due to phase transformation are measured for a number of laser-hardening treatments in both an Nb-microalloyed and a medium carbon steel. These measurements are correlated with theoretical predictions of laser thermal cycles and good agreement is obtained. The kinetics of the ferritic/pearlitic→austenite transformation are also discussed.

Study on the β1→α+β2 Transformation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by DSC

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Rong Hua Zhang ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
Xiao Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Avrami Exponent ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetics Of

The temperature and duration of β1→α+β2 transformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in cooling process were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and transformation activation energy and Avrami exponent of β1→α+β2 were also calculated. The results show that the cooling rate is in the range of 在5～20°C/min, the transformation temperature and the transformation duration β1→α+β2 transformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy decreased with the increasing cooling rate, its transformation activation energy decreased with the increasing phase transformation volume fraction, and Avrami exponent was between 1 and 2 at 660°C.

The Effect of Macroscopic Stress State on Transformation Rate in TRIP-Assisted Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 340-341 ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
Ti Kun Shan ◽  
Wei Gang Zhang ◽  
Zhong Qin Lin ◽  
Shu Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Multiaxial Stress State ◽  
Single Shear

The dependence of the transformation rate on the multiaxial stress state corresponding to different loading paths is investigated. On the basis of the single shear, uniaxial tension, plane strain and equibiaxial stretching tests, the influence of stress state on stability of retained austenite is analyzed and an equation of transformation kinetics is developed. In sheet metal forming, the material undergoes complicated deformation, the prediction of the volume fraction of retained austenite during forming process is essential to estimate the contribution of the TRIP effect to improving formability. To this aim, the volume fraction of retained austenite in the part’s different regions has been calculated using finite element method. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data measured in deep drawing experiments.

The influence of chromium on the pearlite-austenite transformation kinetics of the Fe–Cr–C ternary steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingnan Kong ◽  
Yaohui Liu ◽  
Jia'an Liu ◽  
Yulai Song ◽  
Shasha Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Kinetics Of

In Situ Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Phase Transformation Kinetics in TRIP Steel

2005 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Zrník ◽  
O. Muránsky ◽  
Petr Lukáš ◽  
Petr Šittner ◽  
Z. Nový
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Austenite Stability ◽  
Retained Austenite Stability ◽  
In Situ Neutron Diffraction

The precise characterization of the multiphase microstructure of low alloyed TRIP steels is of great importance for the interpretation and optimisation of their mechanical properties. In-situ neutron diffraction experiment was employed for monitoring of conditioned austenite transformation to ferrite, and also for retained austenite stability evaluation during subsequent mechanical loading. The progress in austenite decomposition to ferrite is monitored at different transformation temperatures. The relevant information on the course of transformation is extracted from neutron diffraction spectra. The integrated intensities of austenite and ferrite neutron diffraction profiles over the time of transformation are then assumed as a measure of the volume fractions of both phases in dependence on transformation temperature. Useful information was also obtained on retained austenite stability in TRIP steel during mechanical testing. The in-situ neutron diffraction experiments were conducted at two different diffractometers to assess the reliability of neutron diffraction technique in monitoring the transformation of retained austenite during room temperature tensile test. In both experiments the neutron investigation was focused on the volume fraction quantification of retained austenite as well as on internal stresses rising in structure phases due to retained austenite transformation.

Thermomechanical Processing Controlling the Austenite Transformation in Si – Mn TRIP Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Jozef Zrník ◽  
Ondrej Muránsky ◽  
Ondrej Stejskal ◽  
Peter Horňak
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Technique

The paper deals with the deformation and transformation behaviour of thermomechanically (TM) treated low alloyed Si-Mn TRIP steel. The aim of this work was to investigate the contribution of the factors governing the deformation and transformation process of conditioned austenite. Variation in strain and temperature parameters of TM treatment of TRIP steel samples resulted in formation of different complex microstructures. The deformation behaviour of TRIP specimens of different multiphase structures was tested in incremental neutron diffraction in situ tensile testing. It was proved that neutron diffraction technique is very convenient method for retained austenite (RA) transformation of the retained austenite with respect to monitoring of transformation quantification of retained austenite and rising internal stress in structural phases.

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