scholarly journals Effect of Partial Solution Treatment Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of 440C Martensitic Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Junaidi Syarif ◽  
Mohammad H. Yousuf ◽  
Zainuddin Sajuri ◽  
Amir Hossein Baghdadi ◽  
Mahdi Merabtene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Solution Treatment Temperature ◽  
Pinning Force ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

The 440C martensitic stainless steel is considered to be among the hardest steels, owing to its high carbon content. Careful heat treatment of this material introduces multiple carbide particles, which can alter microstructure and mechanical properties. This study focused on the effect of austenitisation temperature on the microstructure and tensile properties of 440C steel. Austenitisation was performed on the austenite + carbide region, because 440C steel lacks a single-phase region. The steel was austenitised at two different temperatures; namely, 1160 °C and 950 °C, and subjected to oil quenching. The as-quenched samples showed a typical lath martensite structure with retained austenite phase. The treatments at 1160 °C and 950 °C promoted the formation of M7C3 and M23C6 carbides, respectively. The austenite grains in the sample treated at 1160 °C showed a higher growth rate than those in the sample treated at 950 °C. The sample treated at 1160 °C showed low-fraction and a large-size carbide phase. The Zener pinning force decreased, thereby increasing the austenite grain growth in the sample treated at 1160 °C. The hardness and 0.2% proof stress of the sample treated at 950 °C were higher than those of the sample treated at 1160 °C, owing to the higher martensite content in the former. The strength–ductility balance of the sample treated at 950 °C was higher than that of the sample treated at 1160 °C. The decreased austenitisation temperature resulted in improved mechanical properties of the steel. Therefore, the austenitisation temperature alters the microstructure and mechanical properties of 440C steel.

The Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr15 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Kun Yu Zhao ◽  
Yong Heng Zhou ◽  
Dong Ye ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Tempered Martensite ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 15Cr super martensitic stainless steel after different heat treatments were studied. The results show that the structures of the steel after quenching are lath martensite. With the raising of the quenching temperature, the original austenite grain size increases and the martensite platelet gradually coarsens. The microstructures of the tempered steel are tempered martensite and reversed austenite dispersed in the martensitic matrix.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5 PH stainless steel under different aging temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Chunhui Jin ◽  
Honglin Zhou ◽  
Yuan Lai ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Kewei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Strengthening Mechanisms ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron

The influence of aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr15Ni5 precipitation hardening stainless steel (15-5 PH stainless steel) were investigated at aging temperature range of 440–610 °C. The tensile properties at ambient temperature of the 15-5 PH stainless steel processed by different aging temperatures were tested, and the microstructural features were further analyzed utilizing optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Results indicated the strength of the 15-5 PH stainless steel was firstly decreased with increment of aging temperature from 440 to 540 °C, and then increased with the increment of aging temperature from 540 to 610 °C. The strength and ductility were well matched at aging temperature 470 °C, and the yield strength, tensile strength as well as elongation were determined to be 1170 MPa, 1240 MPa and 24%, respectively. The microstructures concerning to different aging temperatures were overall confirmed to be lath martensite. The strengthening mechanisms induced by dislocation density and the second phase precipitation of Cu-enriched metallic compound under different aging temperatures were determined to be the predominant strengthening mechanisms controlling the variation trend of mechanical properties corresponding to different aging temperatures with respect to 15-5 PH stainless steel.

Effect of Solution Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wrought 316LN Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Wu ◽  
B. Yang ◽  
Ming Xian Zhang ◽  
Sheng Long Wang ◽  
Y. Z. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
316Ln Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Fracture Morphologies

The effect of forging and solution temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316LN stainless steel has been investigated by optical microscope, tensile testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the average grain size of the steel was refined from 150μm to 70μm after forging and solution treatment. With increasing solution temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength decreased. On the contrary, the elongation of the steel increased with increasing solution temperature except at 1200°C. The tensile strength of the samples forged at 1100°C is better than those of the samples forged at 1000 and 1200°Cafter solution treatment. Tensile fracture morphologies observation showed that all the specimens have ductile fracture morphologies. With increasing solution temperature, the toughness of the steel becomes better and better except at 1200°C. Both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 316LN stainless steel have been improved after forging at 1100°C and following by solution treatment at 1150°C.

scholarly journals Through-Thickness Residual Stresses, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam-Welded CA6NM Martensitic Stainless Steel after Postweld Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sheida Sarafan ◽  
Priti Wanjara ◽  
Jean-Benoît Lévesque ◽  
Javad Gholipour ◽  
Henri Champliaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Postweld Heat Treatment ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Postweld Heat

In this study, the integrity of electron beam- (EB-) welded CA6NM—a grade of 13% Cr-4% Ni martensitic stainless steel—was assessed through the entire joint thickness of 90 mm after postweld heat treatment (PWHT). The joints were characterized by examining the microstructure, residual stresses, global mechanical properties (static tensile, Charpy impact, and bend), and local properties (yield strength and strain at fracture) in the metallurgically modified regions of the EB welds. The applied PWHT tempered the “fresh” martensite present in the microstructure after welding, which reduced sufficiently the hardness (<280 HV) and residual stresses (<100 MPa) to meet the requirements for hydroelectric turbine assemblies. Also, the properties of the EB joints after PWHT passed the minimum acceptance criteria specified in ASME sections VIII and IX. Specifically, measurement of the global tensile properties indicated that the tensile strengths of the EB welds in the transverse and longitudinal directions were on the same order as that of the base metal (BM). Evaluation of the local tensile properties using a digital image correlation (DIC) methodology showed higher local yield strengths in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 727 MPa and 740 MPa, respectively, relative to the BM value of 663 MPa. Also, the average impact energies for the FZ and HAZ were 63 J and 148 J, respectively, and attributed to the different failure mechanisms in the HAZ (dimples) versus the FZ (quasi-cleavage consisting of facets and dimples). This study shows that the application of PWHT plays an important role in improving the weld quality and performance of EB-welded CA6NM and provides the essential data for validating the design and manufacturing process for next-generation hydroelectric turbine products.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Extruded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Rod from Blended Elemental Powders

2018 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Carlos Romero ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Stiliana Raynova ◽  
Leandro Bolzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Recrystallization Annealing ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

In this study, Ti-6Al-4V bars were first prepared by extrusion of powder compacts from blended powder mixtures in the beta phase region, then the as-extruded bars were heat-treated following four different conditions: beta quenching and aging (βQA), broken up structure (BUS) treatment, solution treatment and aging (STA) and recrystallization annealing (RA). The effect of the heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties was studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical test to determine which heat-treatment condition has the greatest impact on the mechanical properties of the as-extruded Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show that the as-extruded condition has the best balance of strength (1120 MPa of UTS) and ductility (11% of elongation to failure). βQA and STA lead to a slight increase in strength but ductility decreases considerably. After BUS and RA treatments, both strength and ductility are reduced. The relationship between processing, microstructure and properties was studied, and their implications towards fatigue behaviour and fracture toughness were discussed.

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