scholarly journals Recovery of Rubidium and Cesium Resources from Brine of Desalination through t-BAMBP Extraction

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Chen ◽  
Cheng-Han Lee ◽  
Yi-Fan Chung ◽  
Ko-Wei Tien ◽  
Yen-Jung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Potassium Perchlorate ◽  
Cesium Carbonate ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Cesium Hydroxide ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Ecological Hazards

50 billion cubic meters of brine every year creates ecological hazards to the environment. In order to reuse brine efficiently, rubidium and cesium were recovered in this experiment. On the other hand, the main impurities which were needed to be eliminated in brine were lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In the procedure, seawater was distilled and evaporated first to turn into simulated brine. Perchloric acid was then added into simulated brine to precipitate potassium perchlorate which could reduce the influence of potassium in the extraction procedure. After that, t-BAMBP and ammonia were separately used as extractant and stripping agent in the extraction and stripping procedures to get rubidium hydroxide solutions and cesium hydroxide solutions. Subsequently, they reacted with ammonium carbonate to get rubidium carbonate and cesium carbonate. In a nutshell, this study shows the optimal parameters of pH value to precipitate potassium perchlorate. Besides, pH value in the system, the concentration of t-BAMBP and ammonia, organic phase/aqueous phase ratio (O/A ratio), reaction time, and reaction temperature in solvent extraction step were investigated to get high purities of rubidium carbonate and cesium carbonate.

RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS OF 3,5,3′-TRIIODO-L-THYRONINE WITH AND WITHOUT A PRIOR EXTRACTION STEP

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burger ◽  
C. Sakoloff ◽  
V. Staeheli ◽  
M. B. Vallotton ◽  
S. H. Ingbar
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Two radioimmunoassays for triiodothyronine (T3) are described, one of which includes an extraction step, while the other does not. To raise antibodies, two carrier proteins and different coupling agents were used, namely haemocyanin and diazotized benzidine or human serum albumin and carbodiimide. In the case of T3 coupled to haemocyanin by diazotized benzidine, evidence of covalent binding of the hapten to the protein was obtained. In the case of T3 coupled to human serum albumin, little evidence of covalent linkage was available. Nevertheless immunization was successful in both cases. The radioimmunoassay in unextracted serum was highly reproducible and precise (intra-assay variability 5.2% inter-assay variability 8.1%). Normal values were determined which clearly indicate a fall in the serum T3 concentration with increasing age. In men the fall occurs in the fifth decade. In women the T3 starts to fall only after 70 years of age. In 31 cases of hyperthyroidism the serum T3 concentration ranged from 2.26 to 10.4 ng T3/ml. In 10 cases of hypothyroidism the values ranged from 0 to 0.8 ng T3/ml. The radioimmunoassay using an extraction procedure was less extensively used since it was found to be less reproducible (intra-assay variability 7.5%, inter-assay 12.25%). The normal values were determined with a mixed population aged 20–50. The mean ± 2 sd was 0.9 ± 0.36 ng T3/ml (n=52). In 17 cases of hypothyroidism the values ranged from 0 to 0.6 ng T3/ml and in 22 cases of hyperthyroidism from 2 to 14.4 ng T3/ml.

Response Surface Optimization of Adsorption Conditions of Neutral Red Wastewater by Brewer's Grains

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2859-2863
Author(s):  
Xin Long Jiang ◽  
Yi Hua Jiang ◽  
Cheng Gang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Adsorption Temperature ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
Maximal Absorption ◽  
Adsorbent Particle

Abstract: Surface response optimization of adsorption conditions of neutral red wastewater by brewer's grains with the factors of pH value, initial concentration,adsorption temperature, adsorption time, adsorbent quantity and the response of adsorption rate were studied. The optimal parameters for adsorption conditions were of adsorbent concentration of 191.24 mg·L-1, adsorbent particle size of 60~80 mesh,pH 4.65, adsorbent amount of 2.56 g·L-1, adsorption time and temperature of 1.92 h and 30°C, respectively. The maximal absorption rate got 99.16%.The brewer's grains is a promising, cheap, efficient, new biological materials of adsorption for neutral red in wastewater.

Induction of potential for sperm motility by bicarbonate and pH in rainbow trout and chum salmon

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morisawa ◽  
M. Morisawa
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sperm Duct ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Immotile Spermatozoa

Spermatozoa of rainbow trout and chum salmon, which have no potential for motility in the testis, acquire that potential in the sperm duct. This paper demonstrates that there is little difference between the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and osmolality of the seminal plasma in the testis and in the sperm duct. However, the bicarbonate concentration of the seminal plasma and the pH value of semen were higher in the sperm duct than in the testis. When immotile spermatozoa obtained from the testis were incubated in artificial seminal plasma with a high pH and containing HCO3-, spermatozoa became motile within 1 h. These results suggest that spermatozoa of salmonid fish acquire the potential for motility as a result of the increase in seminal bicarbonate concentration and pH that occurs as spermatozoa pass from the testis to the sperm duct.

scholarly journals Sonochemical Synthesis of Copper-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Materials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Juan Lee ◽  
Xin-Yu Lee ◽  
Cong Lyu ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Sambandam Andandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Pair Separation ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency

Copper-doped bismuth vanadate/graphitic carbon nitride (BiVO4/g-C3N4) nanocomposite materials were successfully fabricated using a sonochemical approach. Cu-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalysts could improve electron/hole (e−/h+) pair separation, stability, and light-harvesting efficiency compared to pristine BiVO4 or g-C3N4, resulting in the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. The optimal parameters, such as pH value at 10, photocatalyst dosage of 0.4 g L−1, and 10 mol% Cu-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst, were determined to degrade initial concentration of 20 ppm Bisphenol A, which could be completely removed after 90 min. Furthermore, the excessive doping of copper (> 10 mol%) could not synthesize the pure monoclinic scheelite phase, which substantially resulted in the reduction of the photocatalytic activity.

Extraction Procedures for Oilseeds and Related High Fat-Low Moisture Products

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1128
Author(s):  
Leon D Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Chromatographic Detection

Abstract A combined sample preparation/extraction procedure is presented for pesticide residue analysis of oilseeds and related high fat-low moisture products. The procedure utilizes high-speed milling to prepare the sample and high-speed homogenization in the extraction step to achieve what is apparently quantitative isolation of both incurred residues and natural oils. A separate, simple, oil determination step allows findings to be reported on either the fat or whole product basis. Petroleum ether, ethyl etherpetroleum ether (1 + 1), and ethanol are used serially as the extractants. Usual fatty food cleanup procedures and multiresidue gas chromatographic detection techniques are utilized. The procedure presented in this paper is a refinement of earlier work which used a homogenizer both to grind and to extract samples of unground seeds and which demonstrated essentially complete extraction of endrin residues in soybeans and DDT residues in mustard seed. Identical samples analyzed by the currently recommended shakeout procedure, 29.012, gave recoveries of approximately 50% of the total residues. The procedure presented in this paper was satisfactorily tested on 13 different oilseed types and one sample of soda crackers. Oil content for these samples ranged from 5 to 69%.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity Determination in Plants and Plant-Derived Products: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi ◽  
Aneta Pop ◽  
Carmen Cimpeanu ◽  
Gabriel Predoi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Oxidative Species ◽  
Capacity Determination

The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the analytical methods applied to antioxidant and antioxidant capacity assessment in plant-derived products. Aspects related to oxidative stress, reactive oxidative species’ influence on key biomolecules, and antioxidant benefits and modalities of action are discussed. Also, the oxidant-antioxidant balance is critically discussed. The conventional and nonconventional extraction procedures applied prior to analysis are also presented, as the extraction step is of pivotal importance for isolation and concentration of the compound(s) of interest before analysis. Then, the chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods for antioxidant and antioxidant capacity determination in plant-derived products are detailed with respect to their principles, characteristics, and specific applications. Peculiarities related to the matrix characteristics and other factors influencing the method’s performances are discussed. Health benefits of plants and derived products are described, as indicated in the original source. Finally, critical and conclusive aspects are given when it comes to the choice of a particular extraction procedure and detection method, which should consider the nature of the sample, prevalent antioxidant/antioxidant class, and the mechanism underlying each technique. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each method.

scholarly journals Chemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in biochars derived from sewage sludge and anaerobically digested sludge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Zhao ◽  
Chunsheng Qiu ◽  
Xiaodan Fan ◽  
Jinxin Zheng ◽  
Nannan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Dewatered Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Level

Abstract The dewatered sewage sludge (DSS) and anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) were pyrolyzed at 550 °C to investigate the characteristics of derived biochar and evaluate the risk of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb). The results showed that the pH value of the biochar derived from DSS (DSS-C) was slightly lower than that of the biochar derived from ADS (ADS-C), while DSS-C presented relatively higher specific surface area and total pore volume. DSS-C also showed higher H/C and lower O/C ratios than ADS-C, indicating a higher aromatic condensation and a lower polarity. And the total concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in DSS and ADS increased significantly after pyrolysis owing to the thermal decomposition of organic matter in the sludge, with corresponding rise of the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) of the biochars compared with the raw sludge. In addition, the sequential extraction procedure (BCR) analysis revealed that pyrolysis process promoted the transformation of heavy metals from bio-available fractions to stable fractions. The potential environmental risk of heavy metals decreased from moderate and extremely high level in the DSS and ADS to low risk and moderate level in DSS-C and ADS-C after pyrolysis, respectively.

scholarly journals ELECTROLYTES – SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDES IN POULTRY NUTRITION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Živkov Baloš ◽  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Slobodan Knežević ◽  
Miloš Kapetanov
Keyword(s):  
Individual Component ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Synergetic Action

Sodium, potassium and chlorides play a crucial role in maintaining body acid-base balance as well as osmotic pressure in body fluids. These processes are the result of synergetic action of all three elements, and the role of each individual component is diffi cult to defi ne without knowing and taking into consideration the other two elements. The maintenance of this value is determined by three major factors – balance and ratio ofelectrolytes in feed, endogenous acid production and level of renal activity. Electrolyte imbalance is quite rare, since body’s buff ering system provides maintenance of normal physiological pH value. Th is article will give an overview of the role, importance and needs of poultry for sodium, potassium and chlorides, as well as occurrences related to defi cit and the imbalance of those elements in feed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the efficacy of RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 direct approaches in comparison to RNA extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Israeli ◽  
Adi Beth-Din ◽  
Nir Paran ◽  
Dana Stein ◽  
Shirley Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extraction Step

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 genetic identification is based on viral RNA extraction prior to RT-qPCR assay, however recent studies support the elimination of the extraction step. Herein, we assessed the RNA extraction necessity, by comparing RT-qPCR efficacy in several direct approaches vs. the gold standard RNA extraction, in detection of SARS-CoV-2 from laboratory samples as well as clinical Oro-nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 swabs. Our findings show advantage for the extraction procedure, however a direct no-buffer approach might be an alternative, since it identified up to 70% of positive clinical specimens.

Study on Processing Technology of Oil-Tea-Cake on Acid Dye Neutral Red Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 922-926
Author(s):  
Xin Long Jiang ◽  
Yi Hua Jiang ◽  
Cheng Gang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Acid Dye ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Adsorption Temperature ◽  
Maximal Absorption

Orthogonal experiment optimization of adsorption conditions with the factors of pH value, adsorption temperature, adsorption time, amount of adsorbent of neutral red wastewater by oil tea cake were studied.The results showed that optimum optimal parameters for adsorption conditions were of adsorbent concentration of 200 mg·L-1, adsorbent particle size of 60~80 mesh, pH 6.0, adsorbent amount of 2.0 g·L-1, adsorption time and temperature of 1.5 h and 30 °C, respectively. The maximal absorption rate got 97.15%.The wastewater of treatment meet the national wastewater discharge standard.The oil tea cake is a promising, cheap, efficient, new biological materials of adsorption for neutral red in wastewater.

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