scholarly journals Hot Compression Deformation and Activation Energy of Nanohybrid-Reinforced AZ80 Magnesium Matrix Composite

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houyi Li ◽  
Lingling Fan ◽  
Mingyang Zhou ◽  
Youlong Zhou ◽  
Kuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Magnesium Matrix ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Carbon Nano Tubes ◽  
Deformation Test

The hot deformation test of the nano silicon carbide (nano-SiC) and carbon nano tubes (CNT) hybrid-reinforced AZ80 matrix composite was performed at compression temperatures of 300–450 °C and strain rates of 0.0001–1 s−1. It could be observed that the flow stress of the nanocomposite rose with the reduction of deformation temperature and the increase of strain rate. The hot deformation behaviors of the composite could be described by the sine-hyperbolic Arrhenius equation, and deformation activation energy (Q) was calculated to be 157.8 kJ/mol. The Q values of the extruded nanohybrid/AZ80 composite in this study and other similar studies on extruded AZ80 alloys were compared in order to analyze the effect of the addition of reinforcement, and the effects of deformation conditions on activation energy were analyzed. Finally, the compression microstructure in an unstable condition was carefully analyzed, and results indicated that the phenomenon of local instability was easy to occur at the compression specimen of the nanohybrid/AZ80 composite under deformation conditions of low temperature with high strain rate (300 °C, 0.1–0.01 s−1), and high temperature with low strain rate (450 °C, 0.0001 s−1).

Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Zr-1.0Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr Using Processing Map

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Luan ◽  
R. S. Qiu ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
K. L. Murty ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Compression Testing ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy

Hot deformation characteristics of forged and β-quenched Zr-1.0Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr (N18 alloy) in the temperature range 625–950°C and in the strain rate range 0.005–5 s−1 have been studied by uniaxial compression testing of Gleeble 3500. For this study, the approach of processing maps has been adopted and their interpretation done using the Dynamic Materials Model (DMM). Based on a series of true stress-true strain curves on various temperatures and strain rates, the flow stress has been summarized and both the strain rate sensitivity index (m) and deformation activation energy (Q) have been calculated by the constitutive equations that flow stress and the relationship of Z parameter and flow stress have been established subsequently. Furthermore, the efficiency of power dissipation (⬜) given by [2m/(m+1)] and improved by Murty has been plotted as a function of temperature and strain rate to obtain different processing maps at different true strain rates ranging from 0.1–0.7. Subsequently, the microstructures of the specimens after compression testing were characterized by electron channeling contrast (ECC) imaging techniques used an FEI Nova 400 field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The results showed that: (i) The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of zirconium alloy, and the deformation activation energy and flow stress equation were calculated under the different temperature stages which insists that the deformation mechanism is not dynamic recovery. (ii) The hot processing maps and its validation were analyzed, which indicated that the DMM theory was reliable and could be adopted as useful tool for optimizing hot workability of Zr. The optimum parameters for extrusion and hammer forging were revealed on the processing maps of 830–950°C, 0.048–2.141 s−1 and 916–950°C, 2.465–5 s−1. (iii) The microstructure of the ingot exhibits a typical lamellar Widmanstatten structure. Under the different strain rates, the grains formed by dynamic recrystallization existed normally in the central zone of the compression samples while the no uniformity of grain size increased with the increasing of strain rate. Meanwhile, due to the dynamic recrystallization as a thermal activation process, the grains size and uniformity increased with the increasing of temperature. In brief, microstructure analysis showed that continuous dynamic recrystallization and geometric dynamic recrystallization operated concurrently during the isothermal compressive deformation.

Constitutive Characteristic of Hot Deformation for Spray Formed Superalloy GH738

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Wen Yong Xu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Gleeble 3500 ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

The hot deformation behaviors of spray formed superalloy GH738 were investigated by using of Gleeble-3500 simulator in the temperature range of 950~1200, with a strain rate of 0.13~6.5s-1 and reduction of 50%. The corresponding flow curves were determined and hot deformed microstructures were observed. The results showed that the flow stress decreased with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate. A full dynamic recrystallization microstructures with fine-equiaxed grains were obtained at the temperature of 1100~1150 and strain rate of 2.6~6.5s-1. The hot deformation activation energy Q was 580.81kJ.mol-1, and the constitutive equation was derived by means of linear regression.

Research on Hot Deformation Behavior of 3003 Al Alloy Prepared by Different Melt-Treatment Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Qing Chen ◽  
Gao Sheng Fu ◽  
Hong Ling Chen ◽  
Wen Duan Yan ◽  
Chao Zeng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Hot Plastic Deformation ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Melt Treatment ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy ◽  
Work Hardening Rate

3003 Al alloy with different metallurgical quality were obtained by different melt-treatment methods, which were deformed by isothermal compression in the range of deformation temperature 300-500°C at strain rate 0.0l-10.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator. The results show that the material is sensitive to positive strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy (Q) bears linear relationship with inclusion content (H) of 3003 Al alloy prepared by different melt-treatment, Q=35.62 H+171.58, the activation energy of 3003 Al alloy prepared by high melt-treatment is the lowest (174.62 KJ×mol-1), which is beneficial to the material hot plastic deformation. The critical strain of 3003 Al alloy prepared by different melt-treatment methods is investigated through the work hardening rate. Finally, the critical conditions of the investigated alloy were determined to predict the dynamic recrystallization occurrence in the paper.

scholarly journals Flow Stress and Hot Deformation Activation Energy of 6082 Aluminium Alloy Influenced by Initial Structural State

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Schindler ◽  
Petr Kawulok ◽  
Vladivoj Očenášek ◽  
Petr Opěla ◽  
Rostislav Kawulok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy ◽  
Q Values

Stress-strain curves of the EN AW 6082 aluminium alloy with 1.2 Si-0.51 Mg-0.75 Mn (wt.%) were determined by the uniaxial compression tests at temperatures of 450–550 °C with a strain rate of 0.5–10 s−1. The initial structure state corresponded to three processing types: as-cast structure non-homogenized or homogenized at 500 °C, and the structure after homogenization and hot extrusion. Significantly higher flow stress appeared as a result of low temperature forming of the non-homogenized material. Hot deformation activation energy Q-values varied between 99 and 122 kJ·mol−1 for both homogenized materials and from 200 to 216 kJ·mol−1 for the as-cast state, while the Q-values calculated from the measured steady-state stress were always higher than those calculated from the peak stress values. For the extruded state of the 6082 alloy, the physically-based model was developed to reliably predict the flow stress influenced by dynamic softening, temperature, strain rate, and true strain up to 0.6.

Constitutive Equation of an Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg Alloy in Superplastic Deformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Ben Han ◽  
Zhuo Liang Li ◽  
Ge Zhou ◽  
Fu Rong Cao ◽  
Hua Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy ◽  
Deformation Features

The hot deformation characteristics of Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy were investigated on an Instron5500 electronic universal testing machine at strain rates ranging from 1.67×10-4 s-1 to 1.67×10-3 s-1 and testing temperatures ranging from 460 °C to 520 °C. The results show that strain rate had a great effect on the flow stress. The flow stress increased with increasing the strain rate. The true stress-strain curves of the Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy were obtained, and the strain rate sensitivity and hot deformation parameters of deformation activation energy were calculated. The hot deformation constitutive equation with hyperbolic sine form was also obtained. The test calculations demonstrate that the constitutive equation describes the deformation features of the Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy well.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hot Workability of Nickel-Based Superalloy Using Activation Energy Map and Processing Maps

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lypchanskyi ◽  
Tomasz Śleboda ◽  
Krystian Zyguła ◽  
Aneta Łukaszek-Sołek ◽  
Marek Wojtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Hot Workability ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy ◽  
Wide Range

The stress-strain curves for nickel-based superalloy were obtained from isothermal hot compression tests at a wide range of deformation temperatures and strain rates. The material constants and deformation activation energy of the investigated superalloy were calculated. The accuracy of the constitutive equation describing the hot deformation behavior of this material was confirmed by the correlation coefficient for the linear regression. The distribution of deformation activation energy Q as a function of strain rate and temperature for nickel-based superalloy was presented. The processing maps were generated upon the basis of Prasad stability criterion for true strains ranging from 0.2 to 1 at the deformation temperatures range of 900–1150 °C, and strain rates range of 0.01–100 s−1. Based on the flow stress curves analysis, deformation activation energy map, and processing maps for different true strains, the undesirable and potentially favorable hot deformation parameters were determined. The microstructural observations confirmed the above optimization results for the hot workability of the investigated superalloy. Besides, the numerical simulation and industrial forging tests were performed in order to verify the obtained results.

scholarly journals High Temperature Behaviors of a Casting Nickel-Based Superalloy Used for 815 °C

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Jiangping Yu ◽  
Donghong Wang ◽  
Jingyang Chen ◽  
Changlin Yang ◽  
Xin Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Deformation Condition ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Deformation Behaviors

The hot deformation behaviors of the SJTU-1 alloy, the high-throughput scanned casting Nickel-based superalloy, was investigated by compression test in the temperature range of 900 to 1200 °C and strain rate range of 0.1–0.001 s−1. The hot processing map has been constructed with the instability zone. At the beginning of hot deformation, the flow stress moves rapidly to the peak value with the increased strain rates. Meanwhile, the peak stress is decreased with the increased temperature at the same strain rates. However, the peak stress shows the same tendency with the strain rates at the same temperature. The optimum hot deformation condition was determined in the temperature range of 1000–1075 °C, and the strain rate range of 0.005–0.1 s−1. The microstructure investigation indicates the strain rate significantly affects the characteristics of the microstructure. The deformation constitutive equation has also been discussed as well.

scholarly journals Compression Deformation Behavior of AZ81 Magnesium Alloy at Elevated Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Luo ◽  
Shue Dang ◽  
Li Kang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Compression Deformation ◽  
Deformation Activation Energy

The hot deformation behavior of an AZ81 magnesium alloy was investigated by hot compressive testing on a Gleeble-1500 thermal mechanical simulator in the temperature range from 200 to 400°C and in the strain rate range of 0.001–5 s−1. The relationships among flow stress, strain rate, and deformation temperature were analyzed, and the deformation activation energy and stress exponent were calculated. The microstructure evolution of the AZ81 magnesium alloy under high deformation was examined. The results indicated that the maximum value of the flow stress increased with the decrease of deformation temperature and the increase of strain rate. When the deformation temperature is constant, the flow stress of the AZ81 magnesium alloy increases with the increase of strain rate, which can be demonstrated by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in a hyperbolic-sine-type equation with a hot compression deformation activation energy of 176.01 KJ/mol and basic hot deformation material factorsA,n, andain the analytical expression of the AZ81 magnesium alloy flow stress of3.21227×1014 s−1, 7.85, and 0.00866 MPa, respectively.

Constitutive Modeling for Elevated Temperature Flow Behavior of ZHMn34-2-2-1 Manganese Brass

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Meng Han Wang ◽  
Kang Wei ◽  
Xiao Juan Li
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Hollomon Parameter ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
State Stress

The hot compressive deformation behaviors of ZHMn34-2-2-1 manganese brass are investigated on Thermecmastor-Z thermal simulator over wide processing domain of temperatures (923K-1073K) and strain rates (0.01s-1-10s-1). The true stress-strain curves exhibit a single peak stress, after which the stress monotonously decreases until a steady state stress occurs, indicating a typical dynamic recrystallization. A revised constitutive model coupling flow stress with strain, strain rate and deformation temperature is established with the material constants expressed by polynomial fitting of strain. Moreover, better prediction ability of the constitutive model is achieved by implementation of a simple approach for modified the Zener-Hollomon parameter considering the compensation of strain rate and temperature increment. By comparing the predicted and experimented values, the correlation coefficient and mean absolute relative error are 0.997 and 2.363%, respectively. The quantitative statistical results indicate that the proposed constitutive model can precisely characterize the hot deformation behavior of ZHMn34-2-2-1 manganese brass.

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