scholarly journals Tensile Properties and Microstructural Evolution of an Al-Bearing Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Jiaqi Sun ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Jiapeng Sun ◽  
Xu Ran
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Strain Rates

The influence of temperature and strain rate on the hot tensile properties of 0Cr18AlSi ferritic stainless steel, a potential structural material in the ultra-supercritical generation industry, was investigated at temperatures ranging from 873 to 1123 K and strain rates of 1.7 × 10−4–1.7 × 10−2 s−1. The microstructural evolution linked to the hot deformation mechanism was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). At the same strain rate, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease rapidly from 873 K to 1023 K and then gradually to 1123 K. Meanwhile, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase with the increase in strain rate. At high temperatures and low strain rates, the prolonged necking deformation can be observed, which determines the ductility of the steel to some extent. The maximum elongation is obtained at 1023 K for the strain rates of 1.7 × 10−3 and 1.7 × 10−2 s−1, while this temperature is postponed to 1073 K once decreasing the strain rate to 1.7 × 10−4 s−1. Dynamic recovery (DRV) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) are found to be the main softening mechanisms during the hot tensile deformation. With the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate (i.e., 1123 K and 1.7 × 10−4 s−1), the sub-grain coalescence becomes the main mode of CDRX that evolved from the sub-grain rotation. The gradual decrease in strength above 1023 K is related to the limited increase of dynamic recrystallization and the sufficient DRV. The area around the new small recrystallized grains on the coarse grain boundaries provides the nucleation site for cavity, which generally results in a reduction in ductility. Constitutive analysis shows that the stress exponent and the deformation activation energy are 5.9 and 355 kJ·mol−1 respectively, indicating that the dominant deformation mechanism is the dislocations motion controlled by climb. This work makes a deeply understanding of the hot deformation behavior and its mechanism of the Al-bearing ferritic stainless steel and thus provides a basal design consideration for its extensive application.

scholarly journals Parametric Optimization Of Gas Metal Arc Welding Process By Using Grey Based Taguchi Method On Aisi 409 Ferritic Stainless Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Nabendu Ghosh ◽  
Pradip Kumar ◽  
Goutam Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Parametric Optimization ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process

Abstract Welding input process parameters play a very significant role in determining the quality of the welded joint. Only by properly controlling every element of the process can product quality be controlled. For better quality of MIG welding of Ferritic stainless steel AISI 409, precise control of process parameters, parametric optimization of the process parameters, prediction and control of the desired responses (quality indices) etc., continued and elaborate experiments, analysis and modeling are needed. A data of knowledge - base may thus be generated which may be utilized by the practicing engineers and technicians to produce good quality weld more precisely, reliably and predictively. In the present work, X-ray radiographic test has been conducted in order to detect surface and sub-surface defects of weld specimens made of Ferritic stainless steel. The quality of the weld has been evaluated in terms of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation of the welded specimens. The observed data have been interpreted, discussed and analyzed by considering ultimate tensile strength ,yield strength and percentage elongation combined with use of Grey-Taguchi methodology.

Tensile Properties and Fracture Behavior of SiCp/AC4CH Composite at Loading Velocities of up to 10m/s

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Toshiro Kobayashi ◽  
Chun Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Fracture Elongation ◽  
Before And After

Tensile test at loading velocities up to 10 m·s-1(strain rate up to 3.2x102s-1) was carried out forr SiCp/AC4CH composite and AC4CH alloy. The microstructure of the composite before and after tensile deformation was carefully examined with both optical microscope and SEM. The experimental results demonstrated that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increase with increasing loading velocity up to 10 m·s-1. Comparing with AC4CH alloy, the fracture elongation of the composite is sensitivity with the increasing strain rate. The YS of both the composite and AC4CH alloy shows more sensitive than that of the UTS with the increasing strain rate, especially in the range of strain rate higher than 102s-1.

Influence of Cold Rolling Reduction on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 204C2 Austenitic Stainless Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Tian Yi Wang ◽  
Ren Bo Song ◽  
Heng Jun Cai ◽  
Jian Wen ◽  
Yang Su
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Cold Rolling Reduction

The present study investigated the effect of cold rolling reduction on microstructure and mechanical properties of a 204C2 Cr–Mn austenitic stainless steel which contained 16%Cr, 2%Ni, 9%Mn and 0.083 %C). The 204C2 austenitic stainless steels were cold rolled at multifarious thickness reductions of 10%, 20%, 30%,40% and 50%, which were compared with the solution-treated one. Microstructure of them was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy. For mechanical properties investigations, hardness and tensile tests were carried out. Results shows that the cold rolling reduction induced the martensitic transformation (γ→α ́) in the structure of the austenitic stainless steel. With the increase of the rolling reduction, the amount of strain-induced martensite increased gradually. Hardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased with the incremental rolling reduction in 204C2 stainless steels, while the elongation decreased. At the thickness reduction of 50%, the specimen obtained best strength and hardness. Hardness of 204C2 stain steel reached 679HV. Ultimate tensile strength reached 1721 MPa. Yield strength reached 1496 MPa.

Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of a 7039 Aluminum Alloy during Hot Deformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2395-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhong Li ◽  
Xiao Peng Liang ◽  
Min Song ◽  
Min Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Thermal Simulation ◽  
Strain Rates

The flow behavior of a 7039 aluminum alloy and the corresponding microstructural evolution during hot deformation were studied by Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation tests, EBSD and TEM observations with temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 500 °C under strain rates from 0.01 s-1 to 10 s-1. It has been shown that the flow stress increases with the decrease in the deformation temperature and increase in the strain rate. The degree of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) increases with the increase in the deformation temperature and strain rate in 7039 aluminum alloy. The complete dynamic recrystallization occurs at 500 °C with a strain rate of 10 s-1.

UGI 4362

Alloy Digest ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Strength

Abstract UGI 4362 is an austenitic ferritic duplex stainless steel with good strength and corrosion resistance. It has superior yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and corrosion resistance compared with 316L stainless. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-1289. Producer or source: Schmolz + Bickenbach USA Inc..

Evaluation and Characterization of ASS316L at Sub-Zero Temperature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Kosaraju ◽  
Anil Kalluri ◽  
Swadesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Ahsan ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Strain Hardening Exponent

Abstract Austenitic Stainless-Steel grade 316L is one among the significant ASS grades which is most commonly used in various industry sectors. It has excellent corrosion resistance in ordinary atmospheric and also in more arduous environments such as salt water and environments where resistance to chloride corrosion is required. Whilst performing well when exposed to relatively high temperatures, this grade of Austenitic Stainless steel also maintains its strength and toughness at sub-zero temperatures, making this an excellent choice for various applications in industries sectors such as Marine, general construction, and water treatment. Therefore, present study focused on evaluating the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and strain hardening exponent (n) are evaluated based on the experimental data obtained from the uniaxial isothermal tensile tests performed at an interval of −25 °C from 0 °C to −50 °C and at three orientations (0, 45, 90) degrees to the rolling direction and cross head velocity (3, 5, 7) mm/min were chosen. A total of 27 experiments have been planned based on design of experiments to conduct experiments. A mathematical model for the prediction of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and strain hardening exponent (n) was developed using process parameters such as temperature, orientation and cross head velocities. Results have shown that mechanical properties can be predicted with a reasonable accuracy within the range of process parameters considered in this study.

Influence of Deformation Rate on Mechanical Response of an AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Mattias Calmunger ◽  
Guo Cai Chai ◽  
Sten Johansson ◽  
Johan Moverare
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Elongation To Failure

Austenitic stainless steels are often used for components in demanding environment. These materials can withstand elevated temperatures and corrosive atmosphere like in energy producing power plants. They can be plastically deformed at slow strain rates and high alternating or constant tensile loads such as fatigue and creep at elevated temperatures. This study investigates how deformation rates influence mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel. The investigation includes tensile testing using strain rates of 2*10-3/ and 10-6/s at elevated temperatures up to 700°C. The material used in this study is AISI 316L. When the temperature is increasing the strength decreases. At a slow strain rate and elevated temperature the stress level decreases gradually with increasing plastic deformation probably due to dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. However, with increasing strain rate elongation to failure is decreasing. AISI 316L show larger elongation to failure when using a strain rate of 10-6/s compared with 2*10-3/s at each temperature. Electron channelling contrast imaging is used to characterize the microstructure and discuss features in the microstructure related to changes in mechanical properties. Dynamic recrystallization has been observed and is related to damage and cavity initiation and propagation.

scholarly journals Effect of Deformation on the Mechanical Properties of Sn-5wt%Sb Alloy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sadiq H. Khoreem ◽  
Abdo M. Meftah ◽  
T. T. Alnahari
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Stress Exponent ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Time Curve

Sn–5wt%Sb is one of the materials considered for replacing Pb-bearing alloys in electronic packaging. The mechanical response of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been tested under different strain rates and three deformation temperatures. The behavior of true strain–time of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been investigated over strain rates of and deformation temperatures of 313, 333, and 353 K. Three-load creep tests were carried out at each temperature for of the wire samples to alloys. The deformation behavior and grain growth mechanism were investigated by strain-time curve analysis and microstructure observations. The results obtained show that the general characteristics of strain-time curve and microstructure of Sn-5wt% Sb alloy sensitively depend on the deformation temperature and strain rate. New free grains have been nucleated in microstructures in the process of dynamic recrystallization. These grains grow during deformation, forming coarser structure and elongation. The dynamic recrystallization and grain growth increase with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. From the steady state creep rate the stress exponent is described in terms of the heat treatment temperatures. The stress exponent (n) were determined to clarify the deformation mechanism. Based on the n values, it is suggested that the rate controlling creep-deformation mechanism is dislocation climb. This study revealed that the solder alloy Sn–5wt%Sb have potential to give a good combination of higher creep resistance and rupture time.

Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of 316 Stainless Steel under Hot Compression

2013 ◽  
Vol 677 ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Horng Yu Wu ◽  
Feng Jun Zhu ◽  
Chui Hung Chiu ◽  
Hsu Cheng Liu ◽  
Cheng Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Softening Effect ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Softening Mechanism

Hot deformation characteristics of 316 stainless steel were investigated at elevated temperatures. Hot compressive tests were carried out in the temperature and strain rate ranges from 900 to 1100 °C and 1 × 10−1 to 1 s–1, respectively. Correlation between the flow behavior and the microstructural evolution was analyzed. The flow behavior showed that the softening mechanisms were related to the dynamic recovery (DRV), dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and grain growth. Flow behavior analyses and microstructural observations indicated that DRV was the major softening mechanism at high strain rates and low temperatures. Dynamic softening proceeded via a combination of DRV and DRX at intermediate strain rates and temperatures. The contribution of DRV to the softening effect decreased with decreasing strain rate (or increasing temperature). Grain growth was the major softening effect at low strain rates and high temperatures.

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