scholarly journals Influence of Continuous Annealing Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Texture of Battery Shell Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beijia Ning ◽  
Zhengzhi Zhao ◽  
Zhiying Mo ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Chong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Normal Anisotropy ◽  
Fracture Elongation ◽  
Anisotropy Index ◽  
R Value ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Annealing Experiments

To study the influences of continuous annealing temperature on microstructure, mechanical properties and textures of battery shell steel, continuous annealing experiments were conducted at 710 °C, 730 °C, 760 °C and 780 °C respectively. The mechanical properties and normal anisotropy index (r) were measured by tensile test and the textures were investigated using the method of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that as annealing temperature rose, the grain size, fracture elongation and r value increased, whereas the strength and yield ratio decreased. The yield strength was 122 MPa, the tensile strength was 286 MPa, meanwhile the elongation and r value arrived at 38.8% and 2.3 when the annealing temperature rose to 780 °C. After annealing, the main texture in battery shell steel is {111} <112>, followed by {111} <110>. With the increase of annealing temperature, textures in {001} crystallographic plane weakened while textures in {111} plane strengthened, which is beneficial to the deep drawability of the steel.

scholarly journals Effect of a Continuous Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Texture of Annealed Drawn and Ironed Plate

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Zhiying Mo ◽  
Xiaohong Chu ◽  
Pengfei Gao ◽  
Dengcui Yang ◽  
Heng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Plastic Strain Ratio ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

To improve the production process and produce high-quality annealed drawn and ironed (DI) plate, continuous annealing experiments were carried out at 620 °C, 640 °C, 680 °C, and 720 °C, and the effect of a continuous annealing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and texture of annealed DI plate were clarified. The microstructure was tested with a scanning electron microscope (SEM); the mechanical properties and weighted average of the plastic strain ratio (r¯) were measured using a tension test; and the texture characterizations were tested by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results reveal that, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the average grain size grew from 5.14 μm to 6.56 μm, the yield strength and tensile strength decreased, and the elongation increased. The rolling textures drastically reduced after annealing. When annealed at a lower temperature of 620 °C, the texture content of {111} <110> was the highest. When the annealing temperature increased to 640 °C, 680 °C and 720 °C, the texture content of {111} <112> was higher than that of {111} <110>. The mechanical properties of the DI plate that was annealed at 640 °C are the best, with a higher r¯ value and a lower planar anisotropy value.

Effect of Phosphorus on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Interstitial Free Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Zhi Fen Wang ◽  
Rong Dong Han ◽  
Shun Bin Zhou ◽  
Hai E Huang ◽  
Li Xin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
If Steel ◽  
P Content ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
R Value ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Effect of phosphorus content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of IF steel sheets was investigated. Average grain size and recrystallization texture were measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the higher P resulted in higher tensile strength and lowered the elongation and r-value. The average grain size increased with decreasing P content. The //ND (γ-fiber) pole intensity had a lowest value for IF steel with the highest P content which in turn deteriorate r-value. The element P played an important role in recrystallization process which affected the mechanical properties and microstructure of IF steels.

Effect of Continuous Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High Strength Cold-Rolled DP980 Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 2144-2149
Author(s):  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Ying Zou ◽  
Yun Bo Xu ◽  
Zhi Ping Hu ◽  
Xiao Dong Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Fracture Elongation ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Rolled

Continuous annealing processes were applied to a 980MPa cold-rolled dual phase steel (Fe-0.11C-2.5Mn-0.5Si-0.4Cr) and the effect of continuous annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The microstructures were observed and analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties were measured by uniaxial tensile tests. The results revealed that the steel is composed of a certain percentage of ferrite, martensite and perhaps a small amount of retained austenite as well. As the annealing temperature increased, the volume fraction of martensite reached to 67% from 48% and the morphology translated to lath-like from M/A island. As a consequence, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength had a moderate increase from 1070 to 1110 MPa and 580 to 640 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the fracture elongation rose to the maximum 12.6% firstly and then decreased to about 9.0%. The optimizing mechanical properties with UTS up to 1090 MPa, yield ratio about 0.54 and fracture elongation about 13% could be obtained at the annealing temperature of 790°C for 120s.

Characterization of Plastic Anisotropy of AA5182-O Sheets During Prestraining and Subsequent Annealing

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaifeng Wang ◽  
Bonan Zhou ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
John E. Carsley ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Anisotropy Coefficient ◽  
Normal Anisotropy ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 5182 ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
R Value ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

This paper described the effects of prestraining and annealing on plastic anisotropy (r-value) of aluminum alloy 5182-O sheets including two prestrain paths and two annealing conditions. During the prestraining and annealing processes, r-value changed depending on prestrain paths and annealing conditions. Although there were slight changes of the normal anisotropy coefficient, r¯, during prestraining and annealing processes, the planar anisotropy coefficient, Δr, increased significantly, especially for the uniaxial prestrain condition. This could accelerate the development of earing during a sheet forming operation. Also, the corresponding sheet textures in rolling direction (RD)/TD plane after prestraining and annealing processes were observed through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to explain the r-value changes, where the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model was used to correlate the determined texture to measured r-values. It is found that the sheet texture also had significant changes relating to the prestrain paths and annealing conditions resulting in varied r-values.

scholarly journals Correlation of Strain Path, Texture, Twinning, and Mechanical Properties in Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel during Wire Drawing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong-Ki Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Path ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The effect of changing the strain path on texture development, twin kinetics, and mechanical properties in twinning-induced plasticity steel was investigated to understand twinning behavior in more detail. Among the various plastic deformation processes, the wire drawing process was selected to achieve the aims of the study. Specimens of cold-drawn TWIP steel wire under the same effective strain but with different crystallographic textures were successfully fabricated using the effect of the wire drawing direction. Electron backscatter diffraction results showed that the drawn wires using both unidirectional (UD) and reverse-directional (RD) wire drawing processes were characterized as duplex fiber textures of major <111> and minor <100>. It was found that the RD wire had a higher fraction of <111> component at both the center and surface areas compared to the UD wire, because the metal flow of the RD wire was beneficial for the development of a <111> orientation. The pronounced <111> crystallographic orientation of the RD wire activated the twinning rate and geometrically necessary dislocation density, leading to an increase in strength but a decrease in ductility. The strain path is as important as the amount of strain for strengthening the materials, especially those that are deformed by twinning.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti Cold-Spray Splats Determined by Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging and Nanoindentation Mapping

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Goldbaum ◽  
Richard R. Chromik ◽  
Nicolas Brodusch ◽  
Raynald Gauvin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCold spray is a thermo-mechanical process where the velocity of the sprayed particles affects the deformation, bonding, and mechanical properties of the deposited material, in the form of splats or coatings. At high strain rates, the impact stresses are converted into heat, a phenomenon known as adiabatic shear, which leads to grain re-crystallization. Grain re-crystallization and growth are shown to have a direct impact on the mechanical properties of the cold-sprayed material. The present study ties the microstructural features within the cold-sprayed Ti splats and the substrate to the bonding mechanism and mechanical properties. High-resolution electron channeling contrast imaging, electron backscatter diffraction mapping, and nanoindentation were used to correlate the microstructure to the mechanical properties distribution within the titanium cold-spray splats. The formation of nanograins was observed at the titanium splat/substrate interface and contributed to metallurgical bonding. An increase in grain re-crystallization within the splat and substrate materials was observed with pre-heating of the substrate. In the substrate material, the predominant mechanism of deformation was twinning. A good relationship was found between the hardness and distribution of the twins within the substrate and the size distribution of the re-crystallized grains within the splats.

scholarly journals Microstructural Evolutions and Mechanical Properties of Drawn Medium Carbon Steel Wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Chaouki Nebbar ◽  
Mosbah Zidani ◽  
Toufik Djimaoui ◽  
T. Abid ◽  
Hichem Farh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

This study focuses on the evolution in the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of medium carbon steel wires obtained by wire drawing at Tréfissoud Company for the manufacturing of the spring mattress. Wire drawing induces elongation of grains in the direction of drawing with the development of the <110> fibre texture parallel to the wire axis. Kinking and bending of cementite lamellae were observed during the drawing process. The work was carried out respectively on three states, wire rod and drawn states for two different amounts (ε %=43,6 and 60 %), using the optical and SEM microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis for examination of the microstructure and texture evolution, the hardness Vickers and tensile test to follow the curing of the studied wires.

scholarly journals Research on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Bainite/Martensite Rail Treated by the Controlled-Cooling Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Qiu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Zhunli Tan ◽  
Guhui Gao ◽  
Bingzhe Bai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Controlled Cooling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

A bainite/martensite multiphase rail is treated by the controlled-cooling process with different finish-cooling temperatures. The simulated temperature–time curves of the position of 5 mm and 15 mm below the rail tread (P5 and P15) express different trends. P5 has greater impact toughness and lower tensile strength than P15. Microstructural characterization was carried out by conducting scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The greater tensile strength is due to the dispersed ε-carbides hindering the movement of dislocations. The greater impact toughness is attributed to the filmy retained austenite and the smaller effective grain with high-angle boundary. Finite element modeling (FEM) and microstructural characterization reasonably explain the changes of mechanical properties. The present work provides experimental and theoretical guidance for the development of rail with excellent mechanical properties.

Study on Continuous Annealing Process for Ultrathin Cold-Rolled SPCC Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Wu Yan Fan ◽  
Ren Bo Song ◽  
Ru Wen Zheng ◽  
Pei Sheng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Batch Annealing ◽  
Thin Steel ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
R Value ◽  
General Specification

The continuous annealing process was simulated on the heat treatment system for thin steel sheet (CCT-AY-II). As the recrystallization was known, the annealing temperature and holding time were taken into account to study the influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.08mm ultrathin cold-rolled SPCC steel. Combined with transmission electron microscope (TEM), the precipitation behavior was analyzed. The optical micrographs show that the microstructure of the samples are more similar to batch-annealing steel rather than general specification SPCC steel through continuous annealing. With 5°C/s heating rate and annealed at 860°C for 80s, the sample performs best: the yield strength is 161MPa, the elongation is 29% and the r-value is 1.51. AlN and MnS precipitations are observed in the inner grain and at grain boundary. The annealed textures mostly composed of {111} texture. The highest intensity is centered around the {111}<110> orientation.

Development of Asymmetric Rolling for the Better Control over Structure and Mechanical Properties in IF Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2788-2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Orlov ◽  
Rimma Lapovok ◽  
László S. Tóth ◽  
Ilana B. Timokhina ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Asymmetric Rolling ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Strain Components ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

In the present study, the effects of kinematic and geometric asymmetries in rolling during multi-pass processing of IF steel are examined. The theoretical investigation by final element simulations and experimental investigations by means of electron-backscatter diffraction analysis and tensile tests suggest that asymmetric rolling increases the total imposed strain compared to symmetric rolling, and largely re-distributes the strain components due to additional shear. This enhances the intensity of grain refinement, strengthens and tilts crystallographic orientations, and increases mechanical strength. The effect is highest in the asymmetric rolling with differential roll diameters.

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