scholarly journals Cytokines, Proliferation Markers, Antimicrobial Factors and Neuropeptide-Containing Innervation in Human Nasal Mucosa after Rhinoseptoplasty Procedure

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Marija Podlesnaja ◽  
Mara Pilmane ◽  
Gunta Sumeraga
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superficial Epithelium

The nasal cavity lined by nasal mucosa, is a significant part of respiratory system of human. However, there are no studies aimed to detect a molecular phenotype of healthy and normal functioning nasal mucosa, obtained after rhinoseptoplasty procedure, to understand its physiology and growth and inflammation processes. Thus, our aim is to identify human healthy nasal mucosa cytokines, neuropeptide-containing innervation and cell proliferation markers to form a control group for further tissue investigation of human nasal polyposis as the next step of our research. The study included surgery materials from 17 healthy humans. Biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of tissue PGP9.5, Ki-67, β-Defensin 2, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12. Results were evaluated semi-quantitatively and by Friedman ANOVA and Spearman rang correlation tests. All factors were more widely expressed by superficial epithelium than by glandular one. Abundance of ILs-8, -10 and -12 positive cells was detected in comparison with moderate to numerous distributions of IL-1, IL-6 and β-Defensin 2. Moderate number of PGP 9.5-containing nerve fibers and only few to moderate Ki-67 positive cells were found in healthy nasal mucosa. We revealed statistically significant difference between Ki-67 and ILs-4, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12 both in healthy nasal mucosa superficial and glandular epithelium. From nasal epithelia, commonly the surface one displays more cytokines and β-Defensin 2 in comparison to the glandular one. Numerous to abundant expression of ILs-4, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12 and β-Defensin 2 in nasal superficial and glandular epithelia proves probably these factors’ role into the common immune response of tissue and stimulation of immune cell differentiation.

Chemoprevention with Enalapril and Aspirin in Men1(+/T) Knockout Mouse Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerena Manoharan ◽  
Volker Fendrich ◽  
Pietro Di Fazio ◽  
Carmen Bollmann ◽  
Silvia Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Knockout Mouse Model ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Significant Difference

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (pNEN) are the most common cause of death in adult patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). So far, only few chemopreventive strategies (e.g., with somatostatin analogues) have been evaluated for MEN1 associated pNENs. In this experimental study on 75 Men1(+/T) knockout mice, the effect of aspirin (n = 25) and an inhibitor of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (enalapril, n = 25) compared to controls (n = 25) were evaluated as single chemopreventive strategies for pNENs after 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months. After each study period, mice were sacrificed and the resected pancreata were evaluated by histopathological analysis, immunostaining, and real-time PCR. PNEN size and number was measured. Aspirin and enalapril lead to a pNEN size reduction of 80% (167,518 vs. 838,876 µm2, p < 0.001) and 79% (174,758 vs. 838,876 µm2, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Furthermore, aspirin and enalapril treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the number of pNENs by 33%, (p = 0.04) and 41% (p = 0.002) respectively. The apoptosis marker caspase 3 revealed a higher positive expression in pNEN of treated Men1(+/T) mice. Immunostaining of VEGF in pNEN detected a downregulation of its expression in treated Men1(+/T) mice compared to the control group. REL A transcript was significantly downregulated in 18-months treated enalapril Men1(+/T) mice, but not in aspirin-treated Men1(+/T) mice. There was no significant difference in the Ki-67 index. Using a transgenic mouse model that imitates human MEN1, this study provides first evidence that aspirin and enalapril are effective chemopreventive agents that aid in the progression of pNENs.

Neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor in human nasal mucosa

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1867-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Baraniuk ◽  
P. B. Silver ◽  
M. A. Kaliner ◽  
P. J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Provocation ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Nasal Secretions

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter in sympathetic nerve fibers in human nasal mucosa. Like norepinephrine, NPY acts as a vasoconstrictor. An established method of nasal provocation was used to determine the effects of topically applied NPY on nasal resistance to airflow measured by anterior rhinomanometry, the protein content of nasal secretions, and the protein content of bradykinin-induced secretions. NPY (2.3 nmol) reduced the resistance to inspiratory airflow by 57 +/- 18% (P < 0.001) in 10 normal subjects and by 50 +/- 17% (P < 0.05) in 12 subjects with perennial rhinitis. In nasal provocations, NPY in doses of 0.1–10 nmol had no effect on vascular (albumin), glandular (lysozyme, glycoconjugate), or total proteins present in lavaged nasal secretions. Because the vasoconstrictor properties of NPY may only be apparent in the presence of increased vascular permeability and albumin exudation, bradykinin (BK) nasal provocation was performed. BK (500 nmol) significantly increase total protein (10- to 20-fold), albumin (10- to 30-fold), and glycoconjugate (2- to 5-fold) in lavage fluid. NPY (2.3 nmol) reduced BK-induced total protein by 59 +/- 15% (P < 0.05) and albumin by 63 +/- 17% (P < 0.02) but had no significant effect on glandular secretion. Therefore exogenous administration of NPY to the human nasal mucosa reduced nasal airflow resistance and albumin exudation without affecting submucosal gland secretion. NPY agonists may be useful for the treatment of mucosal diseases characterized by vasodilation, vascular permeability, and plasma exudation.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide in human nasal mucosa

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. L81-L88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Baraniuk ◽  
J. D. Lundgren ◽  
J. Goff ◽  
J. Mullol ◽  
S. Castellino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Submucosal Gland ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

To explore the potential range of functions for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human mucosa, we quantified human inferior turbinate nasal mucosal CGRP content by radioimmunoassay, localized CGRP-immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry, detected 125I-CGRP binding sites by autoradiography, and tested the ability of CGRP to induce submucosal gland secretion in short-term explant culture of human nasal mucosa. Nasal mucosa contained 0.45-0.54 pmol CGRP/g wet wt (n = 18). Immunoreactive CGRP was found in nerve fibers that densely innervated the walls of small muscular arteries arterioles. Venules and venous sinusoids were innervated by individual CGRP staining fibers. Occasional CGRP-containing nerve fibers were also noted adjacent to submucosal gland acini, near the epithelial basement membrane, and between epithelial cells. Specific 125I-CGRP binding sites were concentrated on small muscular arteries and arterioles. CGRP (4 microM) did not stimulate glycoconjugate or lactoferrin release from mucosal explants. These results indicate that in the human nasal mucosa, CGRP is present in nerve fibers, which most likely represent nociceptive sensorimotor nerves that innervate vascular structures (muscular arteries, arterioles, veins and venous sinusoids). It is likely that CGRP release from sensory neurons may play a role in the regulation of vasomotor responses, but no evidence for a role of CGRP in glandular secretion was found.

scholarly journals Sirolimus influence on hepatectomy-induced liver regeneration in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimar Leandro Toderke ◽  
Giorgio Alfredo Pedroso Baretta ◽  
Ozimo Pereira Gama Filho ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of sirolimus on liver regeneration triggered by resection of 70% of the liver of adult rats. METHODS: we used 40 Wistar rats randomly divided into two groups (study and control), each group was divided into two equal subgroups according to the day of death (24 hours and seven days). Sirolimus was administered at a dose of 1mg/kg in the study group and the control group was given 1 ml of saline. The solutions were administered daily since three days before hepatectomy till the rats death to removal of the regenerated liver, conducted in 24 hours or 7 days after hepatectomy. Liver regeneration was measured by the KWON formula, by thenumber of mitotic figures (hematoxylin-eosin staining) and by the immunohistochemical markers PCNA and Ki-67. RESULTS: there was a statistically significant difference between the 24h and the 7d groups. When comparing the study and control groups in the same period, there was a statistically significant variation only for Ki-67, in which there were increased numbers of hepatocytes in cell multiplication in the 7d study group compared with the 7d control group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: there was no negative influence of sirolimus in liver regeneration and there was a positive partial effect at immunohistochemistry with Ki-67.

scholarly journals Proliferation in Postmenopausal Endometrial Polyps—A Potential for Malignant Transformation

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adomaitienė ◽  
Nadišauskienė ◽  
Nickkho-Amiry ◽  
Čižauskas ◽  
Palubinskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Asymptomatic Women

Background and objectives: Endometrial polyps in asymptomatic postmenopausal women are often incidentally found, yet only 1.51% of them are malignant. Their potential for malignant transformation has not been adequately addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation within endometrial polyps as one of the indicators of their malignization potential in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical studies of Ki-67 were performed. Cases included 52 benign postmenopausal polyps, 19 endometrioid carcinoma with coexisting benign polyps, 12 polyps with foci of carcinoma and 4 cases of polyps, which later developed carcinoma. The control group included 31 atrophic endometria and 32 benign premenopausal polyps. Ki-67 was scored in either 10 or 20 “hot spot” fields, as percentage of positively stained cells. Results: The median epithelial Ki-67 score in postmenopausal benign polyps (4.7%) was significantly higher than in atrophic endometria (2.41%, p < 0.0001) and significantly lower than in premenopausal benign polyps (11.4%, p = 0.003) and endometrial cancer (8.3%, p < 0.0001). Where endometrial polyps were found in association with endometrial carcinoma, Ki-67 was significantly higher in cancer (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between Ki-67 scores of cancer focus and of the polyps tissue itself, respectively 2.8% and 4.55%, p = 0.37. Ki-67 expression, where polyps were resected and women later developed cancer, was not significantly different (p = 0.199). Conclusion: Polyps from asymptomatic postmenopausal women showed significantly more proliferation in both epithelial and stromal components than inactive atrophic endometria but less than premenopausal benign polyps and/or endometrial cancer. Benign postmenopausal endometrial polyps exhibit low proliferative activity, suggesting low malignant potential and may not require resection in asymptomatic women.

scholarly journals Effects of enteral glutamine on gut mucosal protein synthesis in healthy humans receiving glucocorticoids

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. G677-G681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Bouteloup-Demange ◽  
Sophie Claeyssens ◽  
Celine Maillot ◽  
Alain Lavoinne ◽  
Eric Lerebours ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Mucosal Protein ◽  
And Control

In hypercatabolic patients, the beneficial effects of glutamine on gut mucosa could be partly due to a stimulation of protein synthesis. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of gut mucosal protein was measured in four groups of healthy volunteers treated with glucocorticoids for 2 days. Two groups were studied in the postabsorptive state while receiving glutamine or a nitrogen equivalent (control) and two groups in the fed state with or without glutamine, using a 5-h intravenous infusion of [13C]leucine, [2H5]phenylalanine, and cortisone. After nutrient and tracer infusion, duodenal biopsies were taken. In the postabsorptive state, FSR of gut mucosal protein were 87 and 76%/day in the control group and 130% ( P = 0.058 vs. control) and 104% ( P = 0.17 vs. control)/day in the glutamine group, with leucine and phenylalanine as tracers, respectively. During feeding, FSR did not increase and no significant difference was observed between glutamine and control groups. Overall, FSR of the four groups were two- to threefold higher than those obtained previously in healthy humans, suggesting that glucocorticoids may increase gut mucosal protein synthesis. However, in this situation, a moderate enteral glutamine supply failed to demonstrate a significant effect on gut mucosal protein synthesis in the postabsorptive state and during feeding.

scholarly journals Expression of Ki-67, PCNA markers and the apoptotic index in the inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and its diagnostic values

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 567-571
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rychlik ◽  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Marta Szweda ◽  
Ewa Kaczmar
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA proliferative antigens and the apoptotic index in dogs with various degrees of severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to evaluate the applicability of these markers in diagnosing the disease. The study was performed on 28 dogs of different breeds, both sexes, with body weights of 10 to 20 kg, aged 2 to 10 years. The animals diagnosed with IBD were divided into four groups of 7 dogs each, including three groups characterized by various degrees of severity of IBD and a control group. The expression of Ki-67 and PCNA antigens was determined immunohistochemically, and the apoptotic index was expressed as the number of TUNEL-positive lamina propria cells in the duodenum, jejunum and the colon. Regardless of its form, IBD affected the expression of the analyzed proliferation markers and apoptosis in duodenal, jejunal and colonic mucosa, but most of the analyzed parameters were not correlated with the severity of the disease. The severity of IBD was correlated only with the expression of Ki-67 in duodenal villi. The results of the study point to the limited applicability PCNA and the apoptotic index in differentiating and evaluating the progression of IBD in dogs. The estimation of Ki-67 expression may be useful in the evaluation of the severity of IBD in dogs.

Bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 expression in pterygium and normal conjunctiva and their relationship with pterygium recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1237
Author(s):  
Meydan Turan ◽  
Gulay Turan
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recurrent Pterygium ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Purpose: Pterygium is a common lesion of the ocular surface, and its etiology and pathogenesis are still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis and proliferation in pterygium formation and recurrence. Materials and methods: In this study, p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were evaluated in primary pterygium ( n = 35) and recurrent pterygium ( n = 32) tissue samples and compared with normal conjunctiva ( n = 30) tissue samples. In addition, recurrent pterygiums were divided into three groups based on recurrence time, and their p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were compared. Results: The results show that p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were significantly higher in the pterygium tissue samples as compared to the control group ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When primary and recurrent pterygium tissues were compared, bcl-2 expression was higher in recurrent pterygium tissue samples ( p = 0.003). However, when Ki-67 and p53 expression levels were evaluated, no significant difference was found between primary and recurrent pterygium ( p = 0.215, p = 0.321, respectively). Also, p53 and Ki-67 expression were correlated in pterygium tissue samples, and Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in pterygium that recurrence in the first 6 months after surgery. There was no difference between groups 1, 2, and 3 in terms of p53 and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: Antiapoptotic mechanisms and proliferation play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression may be important in pterygium recurrence.

scholarly journals Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on rabbit nasal mucosa: a light microscopic study—an animal model for inhalational irritants on nasal mucosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Mohamed Adel AbdelKafy ◽  
Reham Farouk Zittoon ◽  
Ashraf Saad Abou-Halawa ◽  
Ereny Fekry Youssef Makary ◽  
Mohamed Rifaat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Formaldehyde Inhalation

Abstract Background Formaldehyde is associated with many adverse health effects and is classified as a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde is highly water-soluble and readily absorbed and metabolized by the respiratory mucosa upon inhalation. The histopathological effects of formaldehyde on the nasal mucosa and olfactory nerves in adult New Zealand white rabbits were studied to validate this animal model of inhalational irritants. Results Compared to control group 1 (exposed to air), groups 2 and 3 (exposed to formaldehyde for 90 min and 210 min, respectively) exhibited disrupted nasal tissue, ulcerated epithelial coverings, markedly dilated blood vessels, and increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The olfactory neuro-epithelium exhibited a reduction in the number of cilia. Many sustentacular cells lost their microvilli. Olfactory nerves exhibited nerve bundle shrinkage within the perineural sheath, leaving an empty space with evidence of edema within the nerve fibers. Conclusion Formaldehyde inhalation has destructive effects on the nasal mucosa and olfactory nerves in adult New Zealand white rabbits. These results validate the use of this animal model to assess the effects of inhalational irritants on the nasal mucosa.

scholarly journals The role of stromal immune microenvironment in the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Niwińska ◽  
Wojciech P. Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Aim The first aim of the study was to compare the scores and types of stromal immune cells in 30 patients with primary DCIS and in the same patients after invasive breast recurrence in order to assess possible differences in both during tumor progression. The second aim was to evaluate possible differences in stromal cells of 30 patients with primary DCIS before progression and in the control group of 11 DCIS patients without recurrence during long-term follow-up. Material and methods Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immunohistochemical stains for immune cell markers CD4, CD8, CD20, CD138, FOXP3, CD163 and TGF beta was performed on the stroma of primary DCIS before progression, invasive breast cancer of the same patients after progression and DCIS without progression. Results The comparison of stromal cells in 30 patients with initial DCIS and its invasive recurrence revealed an increased level of CD20 + immune cells (median score 5% vs. 17%, respectively, p < 0.001) and CD163 + cells (median score 1% vs. 5%, respectively, p < 0.001) in invasive breast cancer. The comparison of stromal cells in 30 patients with initial DCIS before recurrence and the control group of 11 patients with DCIS without recurrence showed statistically significant difference for CD138 + cells, which were more prevalent in patients with worse prognosis (median score 0 vs. 2%, respectively, p < 0.001). No similar relationship was found for the other tested cells as well as for TGF-beta. Conclusions CD138 + immune cells that were more prevalent in patients with a worse prognosis should be explored in further studies to confirm or exclude their role as a potential biological marker of DCIS invasive recurrence.

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