scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Saginala ◽  
Adam Barsouk ◽  
John Sukumar Aluru ◽  
Prashanth Rawla ◽  
Sandeep Anand Padala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Made In

Based on the latest GLOBOCAN data, bladder cancer accounts for 3% of global cancer diagnoses and is especially prevalent in the developed world. In the United States, bladder cancer is the sixth most incident neoplasm. A total of 90% of bladder cancer diagnoses are made in those 55 years of age and older, and the disease is four times more common in men than women. While the average 5-year survival in the US is 77%, the 5-year survival for those with metastatic disease is a measly 5%. The strongest risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco smoking, which accounts for 50–65% of all cases. Occupational or environmental toxins likewise greatly contribute to disease burden (accounting for an estimated 20% of all cases), though the precise proportion can be obscured by the fact bladder cancer develops decades after exposure, even if the exposure only lasted several years. Schistosomiasis infection is the common cause of bladder cancer in regions of Africa and the Middle East and is considered the second most onerous tropical pathogen after malaria. With 81% of cases attributable to known risk factors (and only 7% to heritable mutations), bladder cancer is a prime candidate for prevention strategies. Smoking cessation, workplace safety practices, weight loss, exercise and schistosomiasis prevention (via water disinfection and mass drug administration) have all been shown to significantly decrease the risk of bladder cancer, which poses a growing burden around the world.

Progressive Catholicism in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Shadle
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
American Society

American Catholicism has long adapted to US liberal institutions. Progressive Catholicism has taken the liberal values of democratic participation and human rights and made them central to its interpretation of Catholic social teaching. This chapter explores in detail the thought of David Hollenbach, S.J., a leading representative of progressive Catholicism. Hollenbach has proposed an ethical framework for an economy aimed at the common good, ensuring that the basic needs of all are met and that all are able to participate in economic life. The chapter also looks at the US Catholic bishops’ 1986 pastoral letter Economic Justice for All, which emphasizes similar themes while also promoting collaboration between the different sectors of American society for the sake of the common good.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects in Early Childhood Education Provisioning in Turkey and South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-457
Author(s):  
Corinne Meier ◽  
Eleanor Lemmer ◽  
Demet Gören Niron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Made In

The benefits of early childhood development (ECD) programmes are strongly supported by evidence of reduced school dropout and repetition rates. However, the literature on ECD is primarily grounded in research based in the United States (US); in the light of this gap in the literature, this paper provides a comparative overview of ECD policy and practice from outside of the US, namely in South Africa and Turkey. As a theoretical framework the paper has followed the World Bank’s Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)-ECD Analytical Framework. Findings indicate that both countries have established an enabling policy environment for ECD but implementation and the setting of and compliance to standards for quality is still emerging, in spite of massive strides made in this field during the past fifteen years.

scholarly journals Judge of the Superior Court of Arizona, Arbitrator & Mediator, University of Kentucky, Doctor of Jurisprudence, University of Kentucky

Law and World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Case Evaluation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Made In

The courts in the United States are called upon annually to determine partisan political disputes. The recent lawsuits on the 2020 presidential election in the US has gained significant attention. It is acknowledged that court decisions must be made in order to uphold the rule of law, regardless of the political affiliation of judges. Without any doubt, considering the sensitivity of the cases due to the political background, relevant approach is needed for judicial decisions to be made. Therefore, the process of decision making must encompass relevant observations and be based on the experiences of the judge, as well as, strong intuitive senses of case evaluation may be of crucial importance. This may lead to the need of specific recommendations in order to maintain relevant approach and standard.

scholarly journals Germany, the United States, and Future Core Conflict

1995 ◽  
pp. 445-482
Author(s):  
Brigitte Schulz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
Will Power ◽  
The Cold War

With the end of the Cold War, much attention has been paid to the nature of the emerging new world order. By what criteria will power and influence be measured in this new era? Who will be the winners and losers? What types of allegiances will develop? Or is Francis Fukuyama's argument correct that, with the collapse of communism, we have reached the "...endpoint of man's ideological evolution" and thus "the end of history". Unlike Marx, who saw socialism at the end of humanity's arduous journey, Fukuyama tells us that the search is off because we have already arrived at our evolutionary destination: liberal capitalism...Other analysts envision less optimistic scenarios...One of the most popular scenarios over the past few years has been to anticipate growing tensions between the three main core powers: the US, Germany, and Japan... The first task of this paper, then, is to look at Germany within the context of the radically altered post-Cold War period... We argue that Germany, based on a multitude of factors which will be outlined below, is not now, nor will it ever become in the foreseeable future, a global hegemon... Indeed, as will be asserted in the second part of this paper, Germany will enter into a close alliance with the United States to form a reinvigorated trans-Atlantic marriage in which the common bonds of "culture and civilization" will replace a virulent anti-communism as the common vow.

scholarly journals US Hegemony and the Trans-Pacific Partnership: Consensus, Crisis, and Common Sense

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-101
Author(s):  
Rubrick Biegon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Elite Networks ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Hegemony ◽  
The Common

Abstract This article provides a critical analysis of the agency of the United States in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Building on neo-Gramscian theory, it contextualises the US decision to withdraw from the TPP as an expression of hegemonic crisis. Through an examination of the strategic and geoeconomic logics and objectives of the trade agreement in US foreign economic policy, it maintains that the TPP was intended primarily to expand the structural and consensual power of the United States in the international political economy. Partly an attempt to kick-start a stalled neoliberal agenda, the TPP was also an effort to respond to China’s growing influence in trade governance. The article argues that, despite the revival of the TPP in the form of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, the inability of elite networks in the United States to implement the original accord is illustrative of a crisis of hegemony driven largely by the collapse of the ‘common sense’ in favour of economic globalisation.

Racial disparities in the outcomes of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: A population-based analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 577-577
Author(s):  
Firas Baidoun ◽  
Inas A. Ruhban ◽  
Anas M. Saad ◽  
Mohamed M. Gad ◽  
Khalid Jazieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
The Us

577 Background: Bladder cancer is the most common type of genitourinary malignancy and is the fourth most common cancer in men in the US. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder accounts for most bladder cancer cases. Previous studies have observed racial disparities in the prognosis between white and black populations with very little mentioned about other ethnicities and race groups that are part of the United States population. We hereby, present a detailed and comprehensive analysis of racial disparities in TCC survival in the US. Methods: Using the data from surveillance Epidemiology and End results (SEER) database, we identified patients with TCC between 1992 and 2015. We used multivariable covariate-adjusted Cox models to analyze the overall and TCC-specific survival of patients according to their race. Results: We evaluated 176,388 patients with TCC and after we adjusted for age, sex, race, stage, grade, and undergoing cancer-targeted surgery, we found that Asians/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics had a better overall survival when compared to whites (HR= 0.792, 95% CI [0.761-0.824], P<.001 and HR = 0.941, 95% CI [0.909-0.974], P = .001, respectively). Asians/Pacific Islanders also showed better TCC specific survival (HR = 0.843, 95% CI [0.759-0.894], P<.001). Blacks had worse overall survival and TCC-specific survival (HR =1.221, 95% CI [1.181-1.262], P <.001 and HR =1.325, 95% CI [1.268- 1.384], P <.001, respectively). When stage IV TCC was analyzed separately, only Hispanics showed better overall and TCC specific survival when compared to whites (HR = 0.896, 95% CI [0.806-0.997], P = 0.044 and HR = 0.891, 95% CI [0.797-0.996], P = 0.42). Conclusions: Asians/Pacific Islanders have better overall and TCC-specific outcome while blacks have the worst outcome compared to whites. Hispanics have better overall and cancer specific survival in stage IV TCC. These disparities likely related to different and complex factors from lifestyle and chemical exposure to genetic factors. Further studies can help us more in understanding and approaching this malignancy in different race groups.

Konsekwencje spotkania Donalda Trumpa i Kim Dzong Una w Singapurze

2019 ◽  
Vol XV ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Marian Mencel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

As a consequence of the intensification of nuclear tests and long-range mis-siles, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has become the subject of debates and pressure from the international environment, which is mani-fested by the increasingly stringent sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council, complemented by diplomatic pressures and intensified political influence on Pyongyang by the United States and China. As a result of their application, the relations between the two Korean states were warmed up, and the North Korean leader, Kim Jong Un, proposed to implement the process of denuclearization of North Korea and a direct meeting with the US President, Donald Trump. Why was there an unprecedented meeting and what are the consequences? How was the meeting perceived by the American regional allies? What is the position of China in connection with the events? What are the prospects for progress in contacts between North Korea and the United States, South Korea, China and Japan? Is it possible to fully denuclearise the Korean Peninsula? An attempt to answer these ques-tions has been made in this article.

scholarly journals The problem of American Loans and Credits for Czechoslovakia in 1945–1948

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-81
Author(s):  
A. V. Zorin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the US European policy after World War II: the issue of loans and credits to affected countries. Using the example of Czechoslovakia, the author tries to answer a number of important questions: did Washington have a sound financial and economic policy towards this country, what goals did it pursue, what were its results? The study is based on the US Department of State archive documents and papers of the American ambassador to Czechoslovakia L.A. Steinhardt. The US financial policy towards Czechoslovakia in the early post-war years was the subject of intense debate in the United States. The author reveals evidence of serious disagreement between economic and political divisions of the State Department about providing of financial assistance to Prague, its size and terms of lending. Particular attention is paid to Steingardt’s position and his attempts to determine American loans and credits to Prague by upholding the property interests of American citizens. These disagreements hindered the development of a single thoughtful course regarding the Czechoslovak Republic and complicated diplomatic relations with Prague; negotiations on the allocation of large loans for the economic recovery of the Czechoslovak Republic dragged on. A fundamental role in the establishment of a new US political course had Secretary of State James Byrnes’ decision, made in the fall of 1946, on the inadmissibility of providing assistance to countries that have taken anti-American positions. This approach was finally entrenched after the Communists coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, when the country entered the Soviet sphere of influence. The article concludes that the post-war US policy was not distinguished by integrity and thoughtfulness.

scholarly journals Associations Between Relapses and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients With Schizophrenia in Real-World Settings in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Lin ◽  
Kruti Joshi ◽  
Alexander Keenan ◽  
Jason Shepherd ◽  
Hollie Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
The Us ◽  
Clinical Practise ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Aim: To assess associations between relapses and psychosocial outcomes in adult patients with schizophrenia treated in United States (US) healthcare settings.Methods: Data were derived from a point-in-time survey of psychiatrists and their patients with schizophrenia conducted across the US, France, Spain, China, and Japan between July and October 2019. For the purposes of this analysis, only data from US practitioners and patients were included. Disease-specific programmes (DSPs) are large surveys with a validated methodology conducted in clinical practise; they describe current disease management, disease burden, and associated treatment effects (clinical and physician-perceived). Participating psychiatrists completed patient record forms for their next 10 consecutive adult consulting patients with schizophrenia, with the same patients invited to voluntarily complete a patient self-completion (PSC) questionnaire. Surveys contained questions on the patients' disease background, treatment history, prior hospitalisation due to schizophrenia relapse and a series of psychosocial outcomes. Associations between relapses in the last 12 months and psychosocial outcomes were examined using multiple regression.Results: A total of 124 psychiatrists provided data on 1,204 patients. Of these, 469 patients (mean age, 39.6 years; 56.5% male) had known hospitalisation history for the last 12 months and completed a PSC; 116 (24.7%) patients had ≥1 relapse. Compared to patients without relapses, patients who relapsed were more likely to be homeless, unemployed, previously incarcerated, and currently have difficulties living independently (all p &lt; 0.05). Patients who experience a relapse also had greater working impairment and poorer quality of life compared with those who did not relapse. In general, psychosocial outcomes became poorer with an increasing number of relapses.Conclusions: In this population of patients with schizophrenia from the US, relapse was significantly associated with poor psychosocial outcomes, with a greater number of relapses predicting worse outcomes. Early intervention to reduce the risk of relapse may improve psychosocial outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.

Lyme Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Robert S. Baltimore ◽  
Eugene D. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
The Common

Introduction and Definitions Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a systemic infection caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdoferi. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Lyme disease was first described in Lyme, Connecticut (hence its name), where a cluster of children who had unexplained arthritis first were brought to medical attention by one of their parents. Investigation of this "epidemic" of arthritis led to the description of Lyme arthritis and ultimately to the discovery of its bacterial etiology. The clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis are protean; this, coupled with the practical difficulties of confirming the diagnosis in many patients, has led to many misconceptions about Lyme disease. Indeed, there is much we do not know about the disease, which was only recognized in the US as a distinct entity slightly more than 15 years ago, and the cause of which was first identified only about 10 years ago. Epidemiology ECOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodid species. In the US, the common vectors are Ixodes dammini (the deer tick), reported to be the same species as I scapularis, in the Northeast and the Midwest and I pacificus (the western black-legged tick) on the Pacific Coast. Ixodes ticks are much smaller than the common wood tick; the nymphal Ixodes tick is about the size of a pencil point (1 to 2 mm).

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