On the Chemistry, Toxicology and Genetics of the Cyanobacterial Toxins, Microcystin, Nodularin, Saxitoxin and Cylindrospermopsin

Leanne Pearson; Troco Mihali; Michelle Moffitt; Ralf Kellmann; Brett Neilan

doi:10.3390/md8051650

On the Chemistry, Toxicology and Genetics of the Cyanobacterial Toxins, Microcystin, Nodularin, Saxitoxin and Cylindrospermopsin

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md8051650 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1650-1680 ◽

Cited By ~ 338

Author(s):

Leanne Pearson ◽

Troco Mihali ◽

Michelle Moffitt ◽

Ralf Kellmann ◽

Brett Neilan

Keyword(s):

Cyanobacterial Toxins

Download Full-text

Development of a colorimetric protein phosphorylation assay for detecting cyanobacterial toxins

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0557 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (5-6) ◽

pp. 47-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Ash ◽

C. MacKintosh ◽

R. MacKintosh ◽

C. R. Fricker

Keyword(s):

Protein Phosphorylation ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽

Sensitive Determination

A new colorimetric assay is described, based on inhibition of protein phosphotases, that enables the rapid, simple and sensitive determination of the concentration of toxins from cyanobacteria.

Download Full-text

Cyanobacterial Toxins in Freshwater and Food: Important Sources of Exposure to Humans

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 281-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jiyoung Lee ◽

Seungjun Lee ◽

Xuewen Jiang

Keyword(s):

Cyanobacterial Toxins

Download Full-text

ChemInform Abstract: Cyanobacterial Toxins

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.199346241 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (46) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

R. E. MOORE ◽

I. OHTANI ◽

B. S. MOORE ◽

C. B. DE KONING ◽

W. Y. YOSHIDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyanobacterial Toxins

Download Full-text

Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 394

Author(s):

Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou ◽

Kimon Moschandreou ◽

Aikaterina Paraskevopoulou ◽

Christophoros Christophoridis ◽

Elpida Grigoriadou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽

Major Threat ◽

Almost All

Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure.

Download Full-text