scholarly journals Ecological and Pharmacological Activities of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Muhammad R. Faisal ◽  
Matthias Y. Kellermann ◽  
Sven Rohde ◽  
Masteria Y. Putra ◽  
Tutik Murniasih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Potent Inhibition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Two known Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (1d) and 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (2b), were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. The structure was confirmed using 13C chemical shift average deviation and was compared to the predicted structures and recorded chemical shifts in previous studies. We found a wide range of bioactivities from the organic crude extract, such as (1) a strong deterrence against the generalist pufferfish Canthigaster solandri, (2) potent inhibition against environmental and human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains, and (3) the inhibition of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The addition of a bromine atom into the A-ring of compound 2b resulted in higher fish feeding deterrence compared to compound 1d. On the contrary, compound 2b showed only more potent inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria Rhodotorula glutinis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL), while compound 1d showed more powerful inhibition against the other human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The first report of a chemical defense by compounds 1d and 2b against fish feeding and environmental relevant bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria, might be one reason for the widespread occurrence of the shallow water sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea in Indonesia and the Indo-Pacific.

Dietary exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers correlate with male blood levels in a selected group of Norwegians with a wide range of seafood consumption

2007 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. S105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle K. Knutsen ◽  
Helen E. Kvalem ◽  
Cathrine Thomsen ◽  
May Frøshaug ◽  
Margaretha Haugen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers with potent and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity from the marine sponge Dysidea

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2181-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Sun ◽  
Corene B. Canning ◽  
Kanika Bhargava ◽  
Xiuxiu Sun ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

scholarly journals Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Hypothyroidism in Canadian Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 590-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Oulhote ◽  
Jonathan Chevrier ◽  
Maryse F. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Context: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in a wide range of products, resulting in widespread human exposure. Epidemiological studies in some populations reported exposure to PBDEs and thyroid hormone levels but little epidemiological data are available among women from the general population. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association of PBDEs with hypothyroidism. Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2007–2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Participants: A total of 745 women representative of Canadian women aged 30–79 years participated in the study. Main Outcome and Methods: We estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) for hypothyroidism in relation to plasma concentrations of BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153 and their sum (ΣPBDEs). Women were identified as cases if they reported a doctor-diagnosed thyroid condition and underwent thyroid hormone replacement therapy (n = 90). Results: Higher plasma levels of brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-47 and -100 and ΣPBDEs were associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism. The PR for a 10-fold increase in ΣPBDEs was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 3.0). Associations were consistently higher among women aged 30–50 years than among those 51–79 years for ΣPBDEs and the other PBDE congeners, although the interaction was significant only for BDE-100. For instance, in the younger age group, women with detectable levels of BDE-100 had a PR of 3.8 (95% CI 1.2, 12.3) compared with women with undetectable levels; the corresponding PR in the older age group was 1.2 (95% CI 0.6, 2.3). No association was observed for BDE-99 and -153. Conclusion: Plasma PBDE levels were associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in Canadian women aged 30–50 years. Although the cross-sectional design of the study limits inferences of causality, these findings have important implications, given the key role of thyroid hormones in several biological mechanisms during reproductive age.

scholarly journals Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in humans - sources and exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Fetal Toxicity ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Dermal Uptake ◽  
Human Health Effects

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of widely used flame retardants that are incorporated into a wide range of consumer products such as household appliances, plastics, textiles and computers, to prevent fire. They were first introduced in the environment in the 1970s and their concentrations have been increasing ever since. Their persistence in the environment, widespread distribution and bioaccumulation in humans and wildlife has rendered them chemicals of concern. The main route of entry of these chemicals into the human body is via the food web, but occupational exposure may also occur in the workplace during handling, repair and dismantling of flame retarded goods. Inhalation of indoor air and dermal uptake may also be another important route of entry of PBDEs into humans. PBDEs structural similarities to better known and studied chemicals like PCBs, are causes for concern. Individual PBDE congeners have been associated with neurotoxic effects following neonatal exposure in animals and effects on thyroid hormone function. PBDEs have also been associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in humans, teratogenicity and fetal toxicity. There are still many toxicity gaps, including their carcinogenic potential and human health effects. This paper reviews the sources and exposure of humans to PBDEs, highlighting recent scientific data.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Poston ◽  
Ramendra N. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Disruption of epigenetic regulation by environmental toxins is an emerging area of focus for understanding the latter’s impact on human health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one such group of toxins, are an environmentally pervasive class of brominated flame retardants that have been extensively used as coatings on a wide range of consumer products. Their environmental stability, propensity for bioaccumulation, and known links to adverse health effects have evoked extensive research to characterize underlying biological mechanisms of toxicity. Of particular concern is the growing body of evidence correlating human exposure levels to behavioral deficits related to neurodevelopmental disorders. The developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to influence by environmental signals, including dysregulation by toxins. Several major modes of actions have been identified, but a clear understanding of how observed effects relate to negative impacts on human health has not been established. Here, we review the current body of evidence for PBDE-induced epigenetic disruptions, including DNA methylation, chromatin dynamics, and non-coding RNA expression while discussing the potential relationship between PBDEs and neurodevelopmental disorders.

A New Brominated Diphenyl Ether from the Marine Sponge Dysidea herbacea.

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F. Bowden ◽  
Leanne Towerzey ◽  
Peter C. Junk
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Dysidea Herbacea

Samples of Dysidea herbacea collected at Pelorus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, afforded a new polybrominated diphenyl ether (1). The structure was determined by n.m.r. two-dimensional methods and by an X-ray diffraction study. N.m.r. spectral assignments for (1) and some previously reported isomeric polybrominated diphenyl ethers are discussed.

scholarly journals Off-Gassing of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Fire-Fighters’ Uniforms in Private Vehicles—A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3030
Author(s):  
Andrew P. W. Banks ◽  
Xianyu Wang ◽  
Chang He ◽  
Michael Gallen ◽  
Kevin V. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Firefighters’ uniforms become contaminated with a wide range of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Laundering practices do not completely remove PAHs, OPFRs, and PBDEs from firefighting uniforms. This residual contamination of firefighting ensembles may be an ongoing source of exposure to firefighters. Firefighters are known to occasionally store firefighting ensembles in private vehicles. This study aimed to assess whether a firefighting uniform in a vehicle could act as a source for PAHs, OPFRs, and PBDEs to vehicle users. The shell layers of four laundered firefighting uniforms were sampled non-destructively. Three of these uniforms were heated in a laboratory oven (40, 60, and 80 °C) while the fourth was placed in a private vehicle on a summer day and off-gassing samples were collected from the uniforms. The off-gassing results for PAHs and OPFRs were relatively consistent between laboratory oven and the in-vehicle sample with ∑13 PAHs in off-gas ranging from 7800–23,000 ng uniform−1 day−1, while the ∑6 OPFRs off-gassed was an order of magnitude lower at 620–1600 ng uniform−1 day−1. The off-gassing results for PBDEs were much lower and less consistent between the experiments, which may reflect differences in uniform history. Currently, there is limited understanding of how PAHs, OPFRs, and PBDEs off-gassed from firefighting uniforms influence firefighter exposure to these chemicals. These findings suggest that firefighting ensembles off-gassing in private vehicles could be a relevant source of PAHs, OPFRs, and PBDEs that contributes to firefighters’ exposure and that this warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gregory Poston ◽  
Ramendra Nath Saha
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Disruption of epigenetic regulation by environmental toxins is an emerging point of focus for understanding the latter’s impact on human health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one such toxin, are an environmentally pervasive class of brominated flame retardants that have been extensively used as coatings on a wide range of consumer products. Their environmental stability, propensity for bioaccumulation, and known links to adverse health effects have evoked extensive research to characterize underlying biological mechanisms of toxicity. Of particular concern is the growing body of evidence correlating human exposure levels to behavioral deficits related to neurodevelopmental disorders. The developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to influence by environmental signals, including dysregulation by toxins. Several major modes of actions have been identified, but a clear understanding of how observed effects relate to negative impacts on human health has not been established. Here we review the growing body of evidence for epigenetic disruptions induced by PBDEs, including DNA methylation, chromatin dynamics, and non-coding RNA expression while discussing potential relationship between PBDEs and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Marine Sponge: A Potential Source for Methoxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Asia-Pacific Food Web

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (24) ◽  
pp. 13102-13109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Haraguchi ◽  
Yoshihisa Kato ◽  
Chiho Ohta ◽  
Nobuyuki Koga ◽  
Tetsuya Endo
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers
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