scholarly journals Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Micaela Giani ◽  
Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol ◽  
Gloria Peiró ◽  
Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Great Promise

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor—RE—/progesterone receptor—PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor—HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.

scholarly journals Current Status of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Sobhani ◽  
Anna Ianza ◽  
Alberto D'Angelo ◽  
Giandomenico Roviello ◽  
Fabiola Giudici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors ◽  
Molecular Aberrations

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and second only to lung cancer in terms of mortality in women. Despite the incredible progress made in this field, the metastatic breast cancer leaves a poor prognosis. In an era of personalized medicine, there is an urgent need for a better knowledge of the biology leading to the disease, which can lead to the design of always more accurate drugs against patients’ specific molecular aberrations. Among one of the actionable targets is the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, triggered by specific ligands. The FGFRs/FGFs axis offers interesting molecular targets to be pursued in clinical development. This mini-review will focus on the current knowledge of the FGFRs mutations leading to tumour formation and summarizes the state-of-the-art of therapeutic strategies for targeted treatments against the FGFRs/FGFs axis in the context of BC.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Core Scaffold Pyrazolone Fused Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Sumathy Arunachalam ◽  
Suresh Ramalingam ◽  
Gowrishankar Narayanasamy Lachmanan ◽  
Srinivasan Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Background: Cancer is the world's second leading cause of death, accounting for an estimate of more than 10 million deaths annually. The most common type of cancers in women are breast, endometrial, cervical, ovarian, colorectal, lung, and skin cancers.Among these, breast cancer is the most common in women of all ages. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 breast cancer is widely seen in women which test positive for the protein HER2. This protein is present in one-fifth of every breast cancer cell, which promotes the growth of cancer cells. There are several compounds available for the treatment of HER2 breast cancer in the market with varying promise in their efficacy and safety on HER2 treatment. Objective: To design synthesis and evaluation of core scaffold pyrazolone fused thiazolidinone derivatives as anticancer agents. Methods: In this study, the core scaffold pyrazolone fused thiazolidinone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and analyzed for the anticancer activity using breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), against the standard drug Doxorubicin. Results: Many thiazoles, fused thiazole, and pyrazole derivatives have been found to have anti-cancer and other properties. In this study, the compound 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones was allowed to react with diverse benzoyl chloride as well as primary amine derivatives and transformed into ’A series of Pyrazolone fused Thiazolidinone derivatives 4A1-4A10 and 4B1- 4B10. Computational studies by Schrodinger Glide XP using the Protein 3RCD which act on the human epidermal growth factor receptor’’ was performed on the selected scheme initially and further from the docked score data the synthesis of pyrazolone fused thiazolidinone was performed. Conclusion: Among the compounds synthesized, five compounds (4A6 − 3.4 kcal/mol, 4B4 − 3.0 kcal/mol, 4A3 − 2.2 kcal/mol, 4B2 − 1.6 kcal/mol, and 4A9 − 1.3 kcal/mol) shown promising binding affinities against epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. The cytotoxic potential of the compounds was examined using a breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), which shown cytotoxicity close to Doxorubicin (standard drug). Our findings are an important step forward in the development of novel anticancer agents.

The Impact of Translational Research in Breast Cancer Care: Can we Improve the Therapeutic Scenario?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-836
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Buono ◽  
Francesco Schettini ◽  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Grazia Arpino ◽  
Roberto Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Impact

Traditionally, breast cancer (BC) is divided into different subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) according to the expression of hormone receptors and overexpression/amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with crucial therapeutic implications. In the last few years, the definition of different BC molecular subgroups within the IHC-defined subtypes and the identification of the important role that molecular heterogeneity can play in tumor progression and treatment resistance have inspired the search for personalized therapeutic approaches. In this scenario, translational research represents a key strategy to apply knowledge from cancer biology to the clinical setting, through the study of all the tumors “omics”, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics. Importantly, the introduction of new high-throughput technologies, such as next generation sequencing (NGS) for the study of cancer genome and transcriptome, greatly amplifies the potential and the applications of translational research in the oncology field. Moreover, the introduction of new experimental approaches, such as liquid biopsy, as well as new-concept clinical trials, such as biomarker-driven adaptive studies, may represent a turning point for BC translational research. </P><P> It is likely that translational research will have in the near future a significant impact on BC care, especially by giving us the possibility to dissect the complexity of tumor cell biology and develop new personalized treatment strategies.

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